Background technology
At some current high-power, high-gain power amplifier links, especially on feedforward or AAP power amplifier, because power amplifier link is long, chamber used shell is larger, thereby the gain fluctuation of finding power amplifier when batch production is easily subject to the impact of link or the distortion of chamber shell to cause being with interior gain flatness to change greatly, has affected greatly debugging efficiency.If can add the circuit of a gainequalizer on link, make this circuit when debugging, can be according to the situation of gain flatness in original tape, change the gain curve of gainequalizer, make it in certain frequency range, produce a contrary gain curve, so just can reach the effect of gain flatness in compensating band.
As shown in Figure 1, take frequency as abscissa, gaining as one having three curves in the reference axis of ordinate, wherein, the curve of positive slope is power amplifier curve, and the gain of power amplifier increases along with the rising of frequency; The compensated curve of equalizer curve for needing to add, its gain reduces along with the rising of frequency; If these two devices are placed on same radio frequency link, its gain flatness (VS frequency curve gains) will become smooth, becomes the horizontal linear state of " curve after balanced ".For example, a power amplifier is 1dB at the gain flatness of 930MHz~960MHz, and be positive slope curve, if be connected in series so an electricity above, adjust gainequalizer, making the gain curve of this equalizer in 930MHz~960MHz frequency band is negative slope trend, and gain flatness is-1dB in its band, so just can be so that the gain size of whole radio frequency link be consistent in working band, thus also just compensated gain flatness.
In prior art, for compensating gain flatness, often adopt traditional link matching and debugging method.On radio frequency link, add electric capacity or inductance, making is not affecting under the prerequisite of these other radio-frequency performances of link, improves its gain flatness.But adopt in this way, debugging difficulty is large, and the bad grasp of consistency, can not flexible Application.
In addition, the application documents that application number is 200920057150.0 disclose a kind of gainequalizer, and this equalizer adopts coupler, and on coupler circuit, load suitable resistance capacitance, realize frequency adjustable, decayed adjustable, reached the effect of compensating gain flatness.But such scheme belongs to the circuit that non-electricity is adjusted gainequalizer, the shortcoming of sort circuit is exactly every less important change compensated curve, just must upgrade corresponding resistance capacitance re-starts debugging to this equalizer, is therefore all not calculate very much at time cost or in material cost.
And, no matter be the gainequalizer that uses traditional link matching and debugging method or use non-electricity to adjust, realize gain balance, just must to circuit, weld debugging by flatiron, very trouble operates.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of electricity and adjust gainequalizer circuit, can change gain flatness curve, better compensating gain flatness by " electricity is adjusted ".
A kind of electricity of the present invention is adjusted gainequalizer circuit, comprise: first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line, second segment λ/4 microstrip line, the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line, the first variable capacitance diode, the second variable capacitance diode, the 3rd variable capacitance diode, the 4th variable capacitance diode and voltage VCC, described first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line is connected between RFin and RFout, and described voltage VCC is connected on the microstrip line of described first paragraph λ/4; At two end points places of described first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line, connect respectively described second segment λ/4 microstrip line, the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line, end described the first variable capacitance diode in parallel and the second variable capacitance diode at described second segment λ/4 microstrip line, at end described the 3rd variable capacitance diode in parallel and the 4th variable capacitance diode of described the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line, the positive pole of the positive pole of the positive pole of described the first variable capacitance diode, the second variable capacitance diode, the positive pole of the 3rd variable capacitance diode, the 4th variable capacitance diode is ground connection respectively; Described λ is wavelength, and described RFin is radiofrequency signal input, and described RFout is radiofrequency signal output.
The present invention also provides another electricity to adjust gainequalizer circuit, comprise: first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line, second segment λ/4 microstrip line, the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line, the first variable capacitance diode, the second variable capacitance diode, the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, the first resistance, the second resistance and voltage VCC, described first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line is connected between RFin and RFout, and described voltage VCC is connected on the microstrip line of described first paragraph λ/4; At two end points places of described first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line, connect respectively described second segment λ/4 microstrip line, the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line; One end of described the first electric capacity connects described second segment λ/4 microstrip line, and the other end is connected with described the first resistance, the other end ground connection of described the first resistance; One end of described the second electric capacity connects described the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line, and the other end is connected with described the second resistance, the other end ground connection of described the second resistance; The negative pole of described the first variable capacitance diode is connected to the end of described second segment λ/4 microstrip line, and the negative pole of described the second variable capacitance diode is connected to the end of described the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line; The positive pole of the positive pole of described the first variable capacitance diode, the second variable capacitance diode is ground connection respectively; Described λ is wavelength, and described RFin is radiofrequency signal input, and described RFout is radiofrequency signal output.
From above scheme, can find out, because the present invention is that electricity is adjusted gainequalizer, engineer is according to the gain curve of power amplifier, only need to change the reverse voltage of variable capacitance diode, the gain curve of making in contrast compensates, just can reach the effect of balanced whole system gain flatness, thereby make the gain of power amplifier in working frequency range, have better consistency, save in a large number debug time.Circuit of the present invention, does not need, by flatiron, circuit is welded to debugging in addition, and debugging flexibly, operates more succinctly convenient, and also reduced to a certain extent material cost.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of electricity and adjust gainequalizer circuit, thereby this circuit can solve in prior art when compensating gain flatness cannot electricity to adjust and reform to become and causes the problem that debugging difficulty is large, cost is high.Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment mono-
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of electricity of the present invention is adjusted gainequalizer circuit, comprise: first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line, second segment λ/4 microstrip line, the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line, the first variable capacitance diode V1, the second variable capacitance diode V2, the 3rd variable capacitance diode V3, the 4th variable capacitance diode V4 and voltage VCC, described first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line is connected between RFin and RFout, and described voltage VCC is connected on the microstrip line of described first paragraph λ/4; At two end points places of described first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line (be node 1. with node 2.) be connected respectively described second segment λ/4 microstrip line, the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line, end described the first variable capacitance diode V1 in parallel and the second variable capacitance diode V2 at described second segment λ/4 microstrip line, at end described the 3rd variable capacitance diode V3 in parallel and the 4th variable capacitance diode V4 of described the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line, described the first variable capacitance diode V1, the second variable capacitance diode V2, the 3rd variable capacitance diode V3, the 4th variable capacitance diode V4 be ground connection respectively.
Voltage VCC is for providing reverse voltage to four variable capacitance diodes altogether that are welded on second segment λ/4 microstrip line and the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line; The effect of three sections of λ/4 microstrip lines is identical, all for the phase shift of 90 degree is provided; This circuit is selected variable capacitance diode, is the characteristic of having utilized the junction capacitance of variable capacitance diode to change within the specific limits according to the difference of reverse voltage.Because variable capacitance diode itself exists lead-in inductance, like this, lead-in inductance and junction capacitance just can form a series resonant circuit, according to the gain curve of power amplifier, when changing the reverse voltage that voltage VCC provides, the junction capacitance of variable capacitance diode will change, so the position of the resonance frequency of this variable capacitance diode also can change, thereby obtain the compensating gain curve contrary with the gain curve of power amplifier, when both are superimposed, reach the effect of gain flatness in compensating band.
In the design of λ/4 microstrip line, the trend of microstrip line and impedance are not had to what rigid requirement, but the amplitude of its phase shift must be in 90 degree left and right, the type selecting of variable capacitance diode is relevant with the use frequency range of this circuit, can also on microstrip line, move a little as required the position of one of them variable capacitance diode to change the scope of circuit resonance point.
The present invention can regard a kind of " two detail microstrip line electricity are adjusted gainequalizer circuit " being combined by two duplicate " single detail microstrip line electricity is adjusted gainequalizer circuit " as, when radiofrequency signal enters into node 1. time from RFin, signal is divided into two-way, one tunnel enters first single Zhi Jie electricity and adjusts gainequalizer circuit, and an other road enters λ/4 microstrip line of primary path.Signal on the microstrip line of λ/4 of primary path is transferred to node 2. time, is further divided into two-way ,Yi road and flows to second single Zhi Jie electricity modulation equalizer ,Yi road and flow to output RFout.The signal reflex that wherein flows to second single Zhi Jie electricity modulation equalizer returns and is divided into two-way ,Yi road to flow to output RFout, and 1. another road flows to node.Wherein flow to node that a part of signal 1. owing to having passed through back and forth λ/4 microstrip line in transmission distance, the signal reflecting with first single Zhi Jie electricity modulation equalizer is compared, transmission range is many λ/2, so the two phase phasic difference 180 degree, because two element circuits are just the same, the signal amplitude therefore reflecting on input is identical, phase phasic difference 180 degree, almost completely offset, just can improve by a relatively large margin port standing wave.Owing to having used two single detail amplitude equalizers, its balanced scope also will be twice left and right than a single detail gainequalizer simultaneously.
Radiofrequency signal is from RFin port input, from the output of RFout port, the microstrip line between primary path RFin to RFout (RFin---node 1.---node 2.---RFout) impedance must be consistent with load impedance.1. just the same with two sections of λ/4 microstrip line circuit that 2. node draws respectively from node, these two and the microstrip line circuit symmetrical that connects are consistent, 1. the signal power that two details of guarantee reflect like this goes up completely and to offset at node, and output after node carries out power stack on 2..This circuit has the effect of two the balanced amplitude range stack of single Zhi Jie electricity tune gainequalizer sums, and port standing wave also has clear improvement than a single Zhi Jie electricity modulation equalizer.
Embodiment bis-
The difference of the present embodiment and above-described embodiment one is mainly, the series circuit with an electric capacity and resistance in the present embodiment replaces one of them variable capacitance diode in embodiment mono-.As shown in Figure 3, a kind of electricity of the present embodiment is adjusted gainequalizer circuit, comprise: first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line, second segment λ/4 microstrip line, the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line, the first variable capacitance diode V1, the second variable capacitance diode V2, the first capacitor C 1, the second capacitor C 2, the first resistance R 1, the second resistance R 2 and voltage VCC, described first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line is connected between RFin and RFout, and described voltage VCC is connected on the microstrip line of described first paragraph λ/4; At two end points places of described first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line (be node 1. with node 2.) be connected respectively described second segment λ/4 microstrip line, the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line; After described the first capacitor C 1 and the first resistance R 1 series winding, be connected in parallel on the end of described second segment λ/4 microstrip line with the first variable capacitance diode V1, after described the second capacitor C 2 and the second resistance R 2 series windings, be connected in parallel on the end of described the 3rd section of λ/4 microstrip line with the second variable capacitance diode V2, described the first variable capacitance diode V1, the second variable capacitance diode V2, the first resistance R 1, the second resistance R 2 be ground connection respectively.
Identical with embodiment mono-, voltage VCC provide reverse voltage to variable capacitance diode, according to the gain curve of power amplifier, when changing described reverse voltage, thereby the gain curve that the position of resonance frequency changes and is compensated, because the gain curve of this compensation and the gain curve of former power amplifier are on same link, therefore can reach the effect of gain flatness in a compensating band.
Identical with embodiment mono-, 1. just the same with two sections of λ/4 microstrip line circuit that 2. node draws respectively from node, these two and the microstrip line circuit symmetrical that connects are consistent, 1. the signal power that two details of guarantee reflect like this goes up completely and to offset at node, and output after node carries out power stack on 2..Other technologies feature in the present embodiment and specific works principle are identical with the description in embodiment mono-, do not repeat them here.
Embodiment tri-
As a preferred embodiment, electricity of the present invention is adjusted gainequalizer circuit, on the basis of embodiment mono-or embodiment bis-, can also increase some other device.As shown in Figure 4, on circuit base in embodiment mono-(embodiment bis-of can certainly take adds following device as basis), when the resonance frequency of selected several variable capacitance diodes too high, do not drop on the words in our required working frequency range, at this time electricity of the present invention is adjusted gainequalizer circuit, also need to comprise the first inductance L 1, the second inductance L 2, the 3rd inductance L 3, the 4th inductance L 4, described the first inductance L 1 is serially connected between described the first variable capacitance diode V1 and earthing device, described the second inductance L 2 is serially connected between described the second variable capacitance diode V2 and earthing device, described the 3rd inductance L 3 is serially connected between described the 3rd variable capacitance diode V3 and earthing device, described the 4th inductance L 4 is serially connected between described the 4th variable capacitance diode V4 and earthing device, the resonance range of each variable capacitance diode is moved to low frequency.If (add inductance on the basis of embodiment bis-, the circuit of the present invention in this embodiment only need to comprise two inductance, is serially connected between each variable capacitance diode and earthing device.)
As a good embodiment, circuit of the present invention can also comprise a resistance R 3, and this resistance R 3 is serially connected between described first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line and voltage VCC.The Main Function of R1 is to make voltage VCC could provide reverse voltage to each variable capacitance diode being welded on the microstrip line of λ/4 by this resistance, but the resistance value of this resistance R 3 must be larger, preferably, more than 1k Ω, so just can make the radiofrequency signal on the microstrip line of λ/4 can not be leaked in the supply line of voltage VCC.
In addition, in circuit of the present invention, can also comprise two capacitor C 3 and C4, as shown in Figure 4, one of them electric capacity (C3) is serially connected between RFin port and first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line (say accurately RFin and node 1. between), and another one electric capacity (C4) is serially connected between first paragraph λ/4 microstrip line and RFout (node 2. and between RFout).These two electric capacity are capacitance, have logical interchange, the function of resistance direct current, and choosing of capacitor's capacity size is relevant with working frequency range.The effect of two electric capacity in the present embodiment is in order to prevent that voltage VCC is through to two port RFin and the RFout of input and output, because if the straight-through words in the past of voltage likely can cause damage to the device beyond this circuit.
Below comparatively detailed description the operation principle of circuit of the present invention, in concrete frequency range, need to design accordingly λ/4 microstrip line, and choose different variable capacitance diodes, in conjunction with the layout plate figure of PCB and with variable capacitance diode position, or series-parallel resistance, electric capacity, inductance are debugged.Therefore, circuit in the frequency ranges such as 869~894MHz, 925~960MHz, 1805~1880MHz, 1930~1990MHz, 2110~2170MHz, under the definite condition of the layout of PCB, above-mentioned variable capacitance diode, resistance, electric capacity and inductance are debugged finally and are determined and choose according to actual conditions.
Utilize above principle, we carry out PCB design in 869MHz~894MHz frequency range, through rational layout and correct device, choose, after debugging successfully, test, experimental result as shown in Figure 5, from the first half of Fig. 5, can find out, the electricity of the two detail microstrip designs of use of the present invention is adjusted gainequalizer circuit, and the maximal positive slope of equalizer regulates can reach 1.7dB; And from the latter half can find out equalizer port standing wave of the present invention can reach especially-below 21dB.Therefore, if there is surplus in PCB layout space, in change in gain, requiring can not be too large, improve under the prerequisite of port standing wave, and radio frequency link can adopt circuit structure of the present invention to realize the object of gain flatness in compensating band.
From above several embodiment, can find out, the present invention adopts the combination of the lamped elements such as microstrip line and variable capacitance diode to realize the function that gain flatness in certain frequency range can " electricity be adjusted ".In circuit of the present invention, the lumped parameter characteristic of utilizing variable capacitance diode changes with the change of reverse voltage, adopt a plurality of diodes in parallels or diode and lamped element are carried out after connection in series-parallel, straight-through and the reflection characteristic of its element circuit in radio-frequency performance, and utilize the characteristic of the connection in series-parallel characteristic of microstrip line impedance and λ/4 microstrip line phase shift 90 degree, on Smith chart, mate design, thereby on radio frequency link, form the resonance point of certain trap amplitude, and the position of this resonance point changes with the change of the reverse bias voltage of diode, reach the function that can regulate the gain flatness of certain bandwidth in the following frequency range of 3GHz, the gain flatness of this integrated circuit in certain frequency range is optimized.
Electricity of the present invention is adjusted gainequalizer circuit, be mainly used in the communication equipments such as the repeater in wireless mobile communications field and base station power amplifier, especially be applicable to radio frequency link longer, the complicated power amplification system that when the interior gain flatness of debugging band and batch production, gain flatness index is difficult to be consistent.
Because equalizer of the present invention is mainly to have adopted variable capacitance diode, the characteristic of utilizing the reactance of variable capacitance diode to change along with the change of reverse voltage, thereby realized gain flatness curve and can adjust and reform by electricity the object of change, make the gain of power amplifier in working frequency range, have better consistency, saved in a large number the debug time that regulates this index of gain flatness to bring.And circuit of the present invention, do not need, by flatiron, circuit is welded to debugging, only need to change the reverse voltage of variable capacitance diode, just can debug out needed gain balance curve within the scope of certain frequency, debugging flexibly, operate more succinctly convenient, on the basis that reduces material cost, also improved port standing wave.
Above-described embodiment of the present invention, does not form limiting the scope of the present invention.Any modification of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in claim protection range of the present invention.