CN102065891A - 新型协同效应 - Google Patents
新型协同效应 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102065891A CN102065891A CN2009801225438A CN200980122543A CN102065891A CN 102065891 A CN102065891 A CN 102065891A CN 2009801225438 A CN2009801225438 A CN 2009801225438A CN 200980122543 A CN200980122543 A CN 200980122543A CN 102065891 A CN102065891 A CN 102065891A
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Abstract
本发明包括至少一种结合物和一种或多种化疗剂的组合,当被施用时其发挥预料不到的增强的治疗效应。所述组合的治疗效力大于单独的所述结合物或者没有所述结合物的一种或多种药物的施用。本发明还涉及包含至少一种结合物和一种或多种化疗剂的组合物,并且涉及使用至少一种结合物和至少一种或多种化疗剂治疗癌症的方法。本发明还提供通过施用治疗有效量的一种或多种化疗剂和至少一种结合物来调节选定细胞群生长的方法。在每种情况下,这种组合具有治疗协同作用或者相对于单独的抗癌剂提高癌症治疗的治疗指数。
Description
本申请要求2008年6月16日提交的美国临时申请第61/061,886号的优先权,其内容通过引用的方式明确整体并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及抗癌组合、包含所述抗癌组合的药物组合物、及其治疗癌症的用途。具体地说,本发明基于如下发现:包含至少一种细胞结合剂药物结合物(例如,免疫结合物)和一种或多种化疗剂以及任选额外添加皮质类固醇(例如地塞米松)的组合的施用具有治疗协同作用或相对于单独抗癌剂提高癌症治疗的治疗指数,所述化疗剂选自蛋白酶体抑制剂(例如硼替佐米)、免疫调节剂/抗血管生成剂(例如沙利度胺或来那度胺)和DNA烷化剂(例如苯丙氨酸氮芥)。本发明还提供通过施用治疗有效量的这种组合调节选定细胞群(例如癌细胞)生长的方法。
背景技术
临床前,可以在体外对细胞系或者在体内用不同肿瘤模型研究抗癌药物组合的效应。通常,具有不同的杀伤机制,即,在细胞中具有不同靶的抗癌药物被组合。在此类实验系统中,发现具有独立靶(相互排斥的药物)的两种抗癌药物以加合、协同或拮抗方式起作用。Chou和Talalay(Adv.Enzyme Regul.1984,22:27-55)开发了可以定性和定量方式准确描述实验结果的数学方法。对于相互排斥的药物,他们显示广义的等效线方程应用于任何程度的效应(参见第52页,Chou和Talalay)。等效线或等效线图是具有相同效应程度的两种药物的所有剂量组合的展示,例如,两种细胞毒性药物的组合将实现相同程度的细胞杀伤,例如20%或50%的细胞杀伤。该方程适用于任何程度的效应,并且图形展示将具有相同的形状(第54页,第1行,Chou和Talalay),其展示于图11D(第5页,Chou和Talalay)。在等效线图中,直线表示加合效应,凹曲线(直线下曲线)代表协同效应,凸曲线(直线上曲线)代表拮抗效应。这些曲线还显示两种互相排斥的药物的组合将在整个浓度范围内显示相同类型的效应,组合是加合性、协同性或拮抗性的。大部分药物组合显示加合效应。然而在一些情况下,组合显示比加合效应更小或更大的效应。这些组合被分别称为拮抗的或协同的。拮抗或协同效应是不可预测的,并且是预料不到的实验结果。如果组合在治疗上优于在最佳剂量使用的任一种组分,则该组合表现出治疗协同作用。参见T.H.Corbett等,Cancer Treatment Reports,66,1187(1982)。Tallarida RJ(J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2001 Sep;298(3):865-72)还指出“明显产生类似效应的两种药物在并存使用时有时会产生放大或减小的效应。有必要定量评估来区分这些情况与简单的加合作用”。
拮抗或协同效应的不可预测性是本领域技术人员公知的,在几个其他研究中被说明,例如Knight等,参见BMC Cancer 2004,4:83。在该研究中,作者测量了单独的吉非替尼(还成为易瑞沙)或与不同的细胞毒性药物(顺铂、吉西他滨、奥沙利铂和苏消安)组合的吉非替尼抗多种实体瘤的活性,所述实体瘤包括乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌、食管癌和卵巢癌、未知原发部位的癌、皮肤和葡萄膜黑素瘤、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)和肉瘤。
他们发现,当根据单剂吉非替尼测试肿瘤时观察到的肿瘤生长抑制(TGI)程度存在不均一性。在7%(6/86)的肿瘤中,观察到肿瘤生长的显著抑制,但是大多数肿瘤显示适度响应,导致低程度的TGI。有趣的是,当与不同细胞毒性药物组合使用时,吉非替尼具有正效应和负效应。在59%(45/76)的测试肿瘤中,吉非替尼的加入似乎加强细胞毒性剂或组合的作用(这些中,11%(5/45)具有>50%的指数sum下降)。在38%的肿瘤(29/76)中,当吉非替尼+细胞毒性药物的组合与单独细胞毒性药物比较使用时,TGI被降低。在其余3%(2/76)中,没有观察到变化。
作者总结,与不同细胞毒性剂(顺铂;吉西他滨;奥沙利铂;苏消安和苏消安+吉西他滨)组合的吉非替尼是一把双刃剑:它们对生长速率的影响可以使一些肿瘤对伴随的细胞毒性化疗更具抗性,而它们对细胞因子介导的细胞存活(抗凋亡)机制的影响可以加强对其他个体肿瘤对相同药物的敏感性。参见第7页的结论;还参见图3.Knight等,BMC Cancer 2004,4:83。
因此,该研究证明已知用于相同目的的两种化合物为该目的而组合,可能不必执行相同目的。
然而发现活性剂的高效组合,即协同混合物是有挑战性的。偶然发现不是有效的途径,因为潜在的药剂组合的数目大得惊人。例如,即使是5000种潜在药剂的相对小的组,也存在5万亿倍的可能的组合。根据对机制的了解而减少潜在组合的其他正常发现策略的潜力也是有限的,因为活生物体的许多生物终点受多个途径影响。这些途径通常是未知的,即使它们是已知的,所述途径相互作用以产生生物终端效应的方式通常也是未知的。
之前我们证明了包含与单克隆抗体连接的类美登醇(maytansinoid)的类美登醇免疫结合物与紫杉烷化合物、埃博霉素化合物、铂化合物、表鬼臼毒素化合物和喜树碱化合物的协同组合。
即使之前被证明的药物组合的协同使用没有消除期待新协同组合的需求,因为协同效应是不可预测的并且因为这些是预料不到的实验结果。例如,在治疗自体免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)时涉及高活性抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART),认为HIV-1病毒逆转录酶(RT)和病毒蛋白酶(PR)的抑制剂混合物表现出对病毒复制的协同抑制。后来,有趣的是,在两类RT抑制剂中也发现协同作用-即,核苷RT抑制剂(NRTI)在不存在PR抑制剂下显示出与非核苷RT抑制剂(NNRTI)的协同作用。例如,NRTI、AZT(叠氮胸苷)和NNRTI、奈韦拉平在组合给予时表现出协同作用(Basavapathruni A等,J.Biol.Chem.,Vol.279,Issue 8,6221-6224,February 20,2004)。因此,依然需要发现显示协同作用并且可以有效用于治疗和预防引起衰弱的疾病(例如癌症)的药物组合。
发明概述
本发明基于如下发现:包含至少一种细胞结合剂药物结合物(例如,免疫结合物)(下文称为“结合物”)和一种或多种化疗剂以及任选进一步组合皮质类固醇(例如地塞米松)的组合的施用具有治疗协同作用或相对于单独使用的免疫结合物或单独使用的化疗剂或未添加免疫结合物时与另一化疗剂的组合提高癌症治疗的治疗指数,所述化疗剂选自蛋白酶体抑制剂(例如硼替佐米)、免疫调节剂/抗血管生成剂(例如沙利度胺或来那度胺)和DNA烷化剂(例如苯丙氨酸氮芥)。
在优选实施方案中,所述结合物和化疗剂与皮质类固醇(例如地塞米松)组合施用。例如,免疫结合物例如人源化抗体N901-类美登醇结合物(huN901-DM1)与沙利度胺/地塞米松、来那度胺/地塞米松或硼替佐米/地塞米松组合施用,其中此类组合具有治疗协同作用或者相对于单独使用的免疫结合物、单独使用的化疗剂或未添加免疫结合物时与另一化疗剂的组合提高癌症治疗的治疗指数。
在另一实施方案中,两种或多种化疗剂与免疫结合物组合使用。例如,硼替佐米和来那度胺在皮质类固醇(例如地塞米松)存在或不存在下与huN901类美登醇结合物组合使用,其中此类组合具有治疗协同作用或者相对于单独使用的免疫结合物、单独使用的化疗剂或未添加免疫结合物时与另一化疗剂的组合提高癌症治疗的治疗指数。
本文使用的术语″治疗协同作用″指结合物与一种或多种化疗剂的组合的治疗效应大于结合物与一种或多种化疗剂的组合的加合效应。
本发明的另一目的描述改善或治疗有相应需要的患者的癌症的方法,通过向患者施用治疗有效量的至少一种结合物(例如,免疫结合物)和一种或多种化疗剂(例如蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂/抗血管生成剂或DNA烷化剂)且任选进一步添加皮质类固醇(例如地塞米松),使得该组合具有治疗协同作用或相对于单独使用的抗癌剂或未添加免疫结合物时的组合提高癌症治疗的治疗指数。
在进一步方面,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,其包含有效量的结合物(例如,免疫结合物)和一种或多种化疗剂(例如,蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂/抗血管生成剂或DNA烷化剂),任选与药学上可接受的载体一起。
本发明还进一步提供结合物(例如,免疫结合物)和化疗剂(例如,蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂/抗血管生成剂或DNA烷化剂)与任选添加的皮质类固醇制备药剂的用途,所述药剂用于通过同时、顺序或分开施用而治疗癌症或异常细胞增殖导致的任何疾病的组合疗法。例如,结合物和药物可以在同一天或不同天施用,对于每种药剂使用最佳的给药方案。例如,在一个实施方案中,两种化合物可以彼此在十天内施用,在另一实施方案中,彼此在五天内施用,而在另一实施方案中,彼此在24小时内施用,或者甚至同时施用。可选地,huN901-DM1、化疗剂、皮质类固醇或其任何组合可以每隔一天、隔日、每周一次或范围从0至7天(例如,第0、1、2、3、4、5、6或7天)或者范围从0至4周(例如,0、1、2、3或4周,包括可总计在1或更多周的天数)的时间周期施用。在一些情况下,可能优选的是化疗剂首先被施用,随后施用结合物。例如,硼替佐米在第0天施用,随后在第3天施用huN901-DM1。药物施用可以由本领域技术人员按照临床情况的要求来确定。
本发明还描述了调节选定细胞群(例如癌细胞)生长的方法,通过施用治疗有效量的至少一种结合物(例如,免疫结合物)和一种或多种化疗剂(例如蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂/抗血管生成剂或DNA烷化剂)且任选添加皮质类固醇,使得该组合具有治疗协同作用或相对于单独使用的抗癌剂或未添加免疫结合物时的组合提高癌症治疗的治疗指数。所述结合物可以包括细胞结合剂和至少一种用于杀伤选定细胞群的治疗剂。
本发明的这些和其他方面在本文详细描述。
附图简述
图1A显示Molp-8多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物中huN901-DM1与苯丙氨酸氮芥的组合。图1B是显示数据的表格(表1)。
图2A显示Molp-8多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物中huN901-DM1与沙利度胺的组合。图2B是显示数据的表格(表2)。
图3A显示OPM2多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物中huN901-DM1与硼替佐米的组合。图3B是显示数据的表格(表3)。
图4A显示大H929多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物中huN901-DM1与硼替佐米(低剂量)的组合。图4B是显示数据的表格(表4a)。
图4C显示大H929多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物中huN901-DM1与硼替佐米(高剂量)的组合。图4D是显示数据的表格(表4b)。
图5A显示OPM2多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物中huN901-DM1与来那度胺的组合。图5B是显示数据的表格(表5)。
图6显示huN901-DM1与硼替佐米的抗肿瘤活性的方案依赖性。
图7A显示Molp-8多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物中huN901-DM1与来那度胺+低剂量地塞米松的三重组合。图7B是显示数据的表格(表7a)。
图8A显示在用huN901-DM1与来那度胺+低剂量地塞米松的三重组合治疗之后,Molp-8多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物中凋亡标志物半胱天冬酶-3的免疫组织化学分析。
图8B显示与任何单独疗法的治疗相比较,huN901-DM1与来那度胺+低剂量地塞米松的三重组合治疗的Molp-8多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物中肿瘤细胞凋亡的统计学显著的协同增加。
发明详述
本发明基于如下预料不到的发现:至少一种结合物(例如,免疫结合物)和至少一种化疗剂(例如蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂/抗血管生成剂或DNA烷化剂)且任选进一步添加皮质类固醇(地塞米松)的施用具有治疗协同作用或相对于单独免疫结合物、单独使用的化疗剂或未添加免疫结合物时与另一化疗剂的组合提高癌症治疗的治疗指数。适合的结合物和化疗剂在本文描述。
结合物
本发明的结合物包含与细胞结合剂连接的至少一种用于杀伤选定细胞群的治疗剂。
用于杀伤选定细胞群的治疗剂优选是抗有丝分裂剂。本领域已知的抗有丝分裂剂通过抑制微管蛋白聚合并由此抑制微管形成来杀伤细胞。本领域已知的任何抗有丝分裂剂可用于本发明,包括例如类美登醇、长春花生物碱、多拉司他汀、auristatin、cryptophycin、tubulysin和/或通过抑制微管蛋白聚合杀伤细胞的任何其他剂。优选地,所述抗有丝分裂剂是类美登醇。
细胞结合剂可以是结合细胞,通常且优选动物细胞(例如,人细胞)的任何适合的物质。细胞结合剂优选是肽或多肽。适合的细胞结合剂包括例如抗体(例如,单克隆抗体及其片段)、淋巴因子、激素、生长因子、营养素转运分子(例如,运铁蛋白)。用于杀伤选定细胞群的治疗剂和可以是免疫结合物部分的细胞结合剂在下文更详细描述。
类美登醇
可用于本发明的类美登醇是本领域公知的,并且可以根据已知方法从天然来源分离或者根据已知方法合成制备。
适合的类美登醇的实例包括美登醇和美登醇类似物。适合的美登醇类似物的实例包括具有修饰的芳环的那些和在其他位置具有修饰的那些。
具有修饰的芳环的适合的美登醇类似物的具体实例包括:
(1)C-19-脱氯(美国专利号4,256,746)(通过美登木素P2的LAH还原制备);
(2)C-20-羟基(或C-20-脱甲基)+/-C-19-脱氯(美国专利号4,361,650和4,307,016)(通过使用链霉菌或放线菌的脱甲基化或使用LAH的脱氯作用来制备);和
(3)C-20-脱甲氧基、C-20-酰氧基(-OCOR)+/-脱氯(美国专利号4,294,757)(通过使用酰基氯的酰化来制备)。
具有其他位置修饰的适合的美登醇类似物的具体实例包括:
(1)C-9-SH(美国专利号4,424,219)(通过美登醇与H2S或P2S5反应来制备);
(2)C-14-烷氧基甲基(脱甲氧基/CH2OR)(美国专利号4,331,598);
(3)C-14-羟基甲基或酰氧基甲基(CH2OH或CH2OAc)(美国专利号4,450,254)(从诺卡氏菌制备);
(4)C-15-羟基/酰氧基(美国专利号4,364,866)(通过链霉菌转化美登醇来制备);
(5)C-15-甲氧基(美国专利号4,313,946和4,315,929)(从滑桃树分离);
(6)C-18-N-脱甲基(美国专利号4,362,663和4,322,348)(通过链霉菌脱甲基化美登醇来制备);和
(7)4,5-脱氧(美国专利号4,371,533)(通过三氯化钛/LAH还原美登醇来制备)。
用于本发明的含硫醇类美登醇的合成完全公开于美国专利号5,208,020、5,416,064、6,333,410、7,276,497和7,301,019)。
在C-3位置、C-14位置、C-15位置或C-20位置具有硫醇部分的类美登醇都预期是有用的。C-3位置是优选的,并且美登醇的C-3位置是特别优选的。含有N-甲基-丙氨酸的C-3硫醇部分类美登醇,含有N-甲基-半胱氨酸的C-3硫醇部分类美登醇,以及各自的类似物也是优选的。
用于本发明的含有N-甲基-丙氨酸的C-3硫醇部分类美登醇衍生物的具体实例由式M1、M2、M3、M6和M7代表。
其中:
l是1至10的整数;并且
may是类美登醇。
其中:
R1和R2是H、CH3或CH2CH3,并且可以相同或不同;
m是0、1、2或3;
并且may是类美登醇。
其中:
n是3至8的整数;并且
may是类美登醇。
其中:
l是1、2或3;
Y0是Cl或H;并且
X3是H或CH3。
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R4是H、CH3或CH2CH3,并且可以相同或不同;
m是0、1、2或3;并且
may是类美登醇。
用于本发明的含有N-甲基-半胱氨酸的C-3硫醇部分类美登醇衍生物的具体实例由式M4和M5代表。
其中:
o是1、2或3;
p是0至10的整数;并且
may是类美登醇。
其中:
o是1、2或3;
q是0至10的整数;
Y0是Cl或H;并且
X3是H或CH3。
优选的类美登醇是描述于美国专利5,208,020;5,416,064;6,333,410;6,441,163;6,716,821;RE39,151和7,276,497的那些。
长春花生物碱化合物(例如,长春新碱)、多拉司他汀和cryptophycin化合物详细描述于WO01/24763。Auristatin包括auristatin E、auristatin EB(AEB)、auristatin EFP(AEFP)、单甲基auristatin E(MMAE)描述于美国专利号5,635,483,Int.J.Oncol.15:367-72(1999);Molecular Cancer Therapeutics,vol.3,No.8,pp.921-932(2004);美国申请号11/134826.美国公布号20060074008,2006022925。Tubulysin化合物描述于美国公布号20050249740。如果需要,该标题下所列的许多物质也可以用作化疗剂。
细胞结合剂
用于本发明的细胞结合剂是特异性结合癌细胞上靶抗原的蛋白质(例如,免疫球蛋白和非免疫球蛋白)。这些细胞结合剂包括以下:
-抗体包括:
-表面重塑抗体(美国专利号5,639,641);
-人源化或完整人抗体(人源化或完整人抗体选自但不限于huMy9-6、huB4、huC242、huN901、DS6、CD38、IGF-IR、CNTO 95、B-B4、曲妥单抗、比伐单抗、西洛珠单抗、怕妥珠单抗和利妥昔单抗(参见例如,美国专利号5,639,641,5,665,357,和7,342,110;美国临时专利申请号60/424,332,临时专利申请WO 02/16,401,美国专利公布号20060045877,美国专利公布号20060127407,美国专利公布号20050118183,Pedersen等,(1994)J.MoI.Biol.235,959-973,Roguska等,(1994)Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,Vol 91,969-973,Colomer等,Cancer Invest.,19:49-56(2001),Heider等,Eur.J.Cancer,3IA:2385-2391(1995),Welt等,J.Clin.Oncol,12:1193-1203(1994),和Maloney等,Blood,90:2188-2195(1997));和
-抗体的表位结合片段,例如sFv、Fab、Fab′和F(ab′)2(Parham,J Immunol.131:2895-2902(1983);Spring等,J Immunol.113:470-478(1974);Nisonoff等,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.89:230-244(1960))。
其他细胞结合剂包括其他细胞结合蛋白和多肽,示例但不限于:
-锚蛋白重复蛋白(DARPins;Zahnd等,J Biol.Chem.,281,46,35167-35175,(2006);Binz,H.K.,Amstutz,P.& Pluckthun,A.(2005)Nature Biotechnology,23,1257-1268)或锚蛋白样重复蛋白或合成肽,描述于例如美国专利公布号20070238667;美国专利号7,101,675;WO/2007/147213;和WO/2007/062466);
-干扰素(例如α、β、γ);
-淋巴因子,例如IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-6;
-激素,例如胰岛素、TRH(促甲状腺素释放激素)、MSH(促黑素细胞激素)、类固醇激素,例如雄激素和雌激素;和
-生长因子和集落刺激因子,例如EGF、TGF-α、IGF-1、G-CSF、M-CSF和GM-CSF(Burgess,Immunology Today 5:155-158(1984))。
当细胞结合剂是抗体(例如,单链抗体、结合靶细胞的抗体片段、单克隆抗体、单链单克隆抗体或其单克隆抗体片段、嵌合抗体、其嵌合抗体片段、域抗体、其域抗体片段、表面重塑抗体、表面重塑单链抗体或其表面重塑抗体片段、人抗体或其人抗体片段、人源化抗体或表面重塑抗体、人源化单链抗体或其人源化抗体片段)时,其结合是多肽且可能是跨膜分子(例如受体)或配体(例如生长因子)的抗原。示例性抗原包括分子,例如肾素;生长激素,包括人生长激素和牛生长激素;生长激素释放因子;甲状旁腺激素;促甲状腺激素;脂蛋白;α-1-抗胰蛋白酶;胰岛素A-链;胰岛素B-链;胰岛素原;促滤泡激素;降血钙素;促黄体激素;胰高血糖素;凝血因子,例如vmc因子、IX因子、组织因子(TF)和von Willebrands因子;抗凝血因子,例如蛋白C;心房钠尿因子;肺表面活性物质;纤溶酶原激活剂,例如尿激酶或人尿或组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA);铃蟾肽;凝血酶;造血生长因子;肿瘤坏死因子-α和-β;脑啡肽酶;RANTES(活化正常T细胞表达和分泌调节因子);人巨噬细胞炎性蛋白(MIP-1-α);血清白蛋白,例如人血清白蛋白;Muellerian-抑制物质;耻骨松弛激素A-链;耻骨松弛激素B-链;耻骨松弛激素原;小鼠促性腺素相关肽;微生物蛋白,例如β-内酰胺酶;DNA酶;IgE;细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原(CTLA),例如CTLA-4;抑制素;活化素;血管内皮生长因子(VEGF);激素或生长因子的受体;蛋白A或D;类风湿因子;神经营养因子,例如骨衍生神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经营养蛋白-3、-4、-5或-6(NT-3、NT4、NT-5或NT-6)或神经生长因子,例如NGF-β;血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF);成纤维细胞生长因子,例如aFGF和bFGF;表皮生长因子(EGF);转化生长因子(TGF),例如TGF-α和TGF-β,包括TGF-β1、TGF-β2、TGF-β3、TGF-β4或TGF-β5;胰岛素样生长因子-I和-II(IGF-I和IGF-II);des(1-3)-IGF-I(脑IGF-I)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白、EpCAM、GD3、FLT3、PSMA、PSCA、MUC1、MUC 16、STEAP、CEA、TENB2、EphA受体、EphB受体、叶酸受体、FOLR1、间皮素、cripto、整联蛋白、VEGF、VEGFR、运铁蛋白受体、IRTA1、IRTA2、IRTA3、IRTA4、IRTA5:CD蛋白,例如CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD6、CD8、CD11、CD14、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD26、CD28、CD30、CD33、CD36、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD44、CD52、CD55、CD56、CD59、CD70、CD79、CD80、CD81、CD103、CD105、CD134、CD137、CD138、CD152;促红细胞生成素;骨诱导因子;免疫毒素;骨形态发生蛋白(BMP);干扰素,例如干扰素-α、-β和-γ;集落刺激因子(CSF),例如,M-CSF、GM-CSF和G-CSF;白介素(IL),例如,IL-1至IL-10;超氧化物歧化酶;T-细胞受体;表面膜蛋白;衰变加速因子;病毒抗原,例如HIV包膜蛋白;转运蛋白;归巢受体;地址素;调节蛋白;整联蛋白,例如CD11a、CD11b、CD11c、CD18、ICAM、VLA-4和VCAM;肿瘤相关抗原,例如HER2、HER3或HER4受体;和上列多肽任一个的片段,抗体模拟物Adnectin(US申请20070082365)或结合一种或多种肿瘤相关抗原或细胞表面受体的抗体,公开于美国公布号20080171040或美国公布号20080305044并通过引用的方式整体并入。
此外,结合骨髓细胞的GM-CSF可用作急性骨髓性白血病患病细胞的细胞结合剂。与活化T细胞结合的IL-2可用于预防移植排斥,用于治疗和预防移植物抗宿主疾病,并用于治疗急性T细胞白血病。与黑素细胞结合的MSH可用于治疗黑素瘤。叶酸可用于靶向卵巢和其他肿瘤上表达的叶酸受体。表皮生长因子可用于靶向鳞状细胞癌,例如肺癌和头颈癌。促生长素抑制素可用于靶向成神经细胞瘤和其他肿瘤类型。
乳腺癌和睾丸癌可分别用作为细胞结合剂的雌激素(或雌激素类似物)或雄激素(或雄激素类似物)成功靶向。
本发明涵盖的抗体的优选抗原包括CD蛋白,例如CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD6、CD8、CD11、CD14、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD 25、CD26、CD28、CD30、CD33、CD36、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD44、CD52、CD55、CD56、CD70、CD79、CD80、CD81、CD103、CD105、CD134、CD137、CD138和CD152;ErbB受体家族成员,例如EGF受体、HER2、HER3或HER4受体;细胞粘附分子,例如LFA-1、Mac1、p150.95、VLA-4、ICAM-1、VCAM、EpCAM、α4/β7整联蛋白和αv/β3整联蛋白,包括其α或β亚基(例如,抗CD11a、抗CD18或抗CD11b抗体);生长因子,例如VEGF;组织因子(TF);TGF-β.;α干扰素(α-IFN);白介素,例如IL-8;IgE;血型抗原Apo2,死亡受体;flk2/flt3受体;肥胖(OB)受体;mpl受体;CTL A-4;蛋白C等。这里最优选的抗原是IGF-IR、CanAg、EphA2、MUC1、MUC 16、VEGF、TF、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD44、CD56、CD138、CA6、Her2/neu、EpCAM、CRIPTO(在大部分人乳腺癌细胞中以升高的水平生成的蛋白)、darpin、αv/β3整联蛋白、αv/β5整联蛋白、αv/β6整联蛋白、TGF-β、CD11a、CD18、Apo2和C242或与一种或多种肿瘤相关抗原或细胞表面受体结合的抗体,公开于美国公布号20080171040或美国公布号20080305044并通过引用的方式整体并入。
本发明包括的抗体的优选抗原还包括CD蛋白,例如CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD20、CD34、CD37、CD38、CD46、CD56和CD138;ErbB受体家族成员,例如EGF受体、HER2、HER3或HER4受体;细胞粘附分子,例如LFA-1、Mac1、p150.95、VLA-4、ICAM-1、VCAM、EpCAM、α4/β7整联蛋白和αv/β3整联蛋白,包括其α或β亚基(例如,抗CD11a、抗CD18或抗CD11b抗体);生长因子,例如VEGF;组织因子(TF);TGF-β;α干扰素(α-IFN);白介素,例如IL-8;IgE;血型抗原Apo2,死亡受体;flk2/flt3受体;肥胖(OB)受体;mpl受体;CTLA-4;蛋白C等。这里最优选的抗原是IGF-IR、CanAg、EGF-R、EphA2、MUC1、MUC 16、VEGF、TF、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD44、CD56、CD138、CA6、Her2/neu、CRIPTO(在大部分人乳腺癌细胞中以升高的水平生成的蛋白)、αv/β3整联蛋白、αv/β5整联蛋白、TGF-β、CD11a、CD18、Apo2、EpCAM和C242。
单克隆抗体技术允许产生单克隆抗体形式的特异性细胞结合剂。本领域公知的是用于产生通过用感兴趣的抗原免疫小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠或任何其他哺乳动物而产生的单克隆抗体的技术,所述感兴趣的抗原例如完整靶细胞、从靶细胞分离的抗原、完整病毒、减毒完整病毒和病毒蛋白,例如病毒包衣蛋白。还可使用敏化的人细胞。产生单克隆抗体的另一种方法是使用sFv(单链可变区)、特别是人sFv的噬菌体文库(参见例如,Griffiths等,美国专利号5,885,793;McCafferty等,WO 92/01047;Liming等,WO 99/06587)。
适当的细胞结合剂的选择是取决于待靶向的特定细胞群的选择问题,但是一般而言,如果可获得适当的单克隆抗体及其表位结合片段,则其是优选的。
例如,单克隆抗体My9是特异性针对急性髓细胞样白血病(AML)细胞上发现的CD33抗原的鼠IgG2a抗体(Roy等Blood 77:2404-2412(1991))并且可以用于治疗AML患者。类似地,单克隆抗体抗B4是结合B细胞上CD19抗原的鼠IgG1(Nadler等,J Immunol.131:244-250(1983))并且当靶细胞是B细胞或表达诸如在非霍奇金淋巴瘤或慢性淋巴细胞白血病中该抗原的患病细胞时可以被使用。抗体N901是结合小细胞肺癌细胞和神经内分泌起源的其他肿瘤细胞上的CD56的鼠单克隆IgG1抗体(Roy等J Nat.Cancer Inst.88:1136-1145(1996));huC242是结合CanAg抗原的抗体;曲妥单抗是结合HER2/neu的抗体;并且抗EGF受体抗体结合EGF受体。
化疗剂
可用于本发明的药物包括化疗剂。“化疗剂”是用于治疗癌症的化合物。化疗剂的优选实例有蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂、抗血管生成剂、烷化剂或其组合。
蛋白酶体抑制剂
蛋白酶体抑制剂是阻断蛋白酶体作用的药物,蛋白酶体是分解蛋白的细胞复合物。在本发明的一个实施方案中,蛋白酶体抑制剂选自包括以下的组:a)天然存在的蛋白酶体抑制剂,包括:具有C末端环氧酮结构的肽衍生物、β-内酯衍生物、阿克拉霉素A、乳胞素、clastolactacystein;b)合成的蛋白酶体抑制剂,包括:修饰的肽醛,例如N-苄氧羰基-L-亮氨酰-L-亮氨酰-L-亮氨酸缩醛(还称为MG132或zLLL)或MG232的硼酸衍生物、N-苄氧羰基-Leu-Nva-H(还称为MG115)、N-乙酰基-L-亮氨酰-L-亮氨酰-L-正亮氨酸缩醛(还称为LLnL)、N-苄氧羰基-Ile-Glu(OBut)-Ala-Leu-H(还称为PSl);c)肽,包括:α,β-环氧酮-结构、乙烯基砜例如苄氧羰基-L-亮氨酰-L-亮氨酰-L-亮氨酸-乙烯基-砜或4-羟基-5-碘代-3-硝基苯基乙酰基-L-亮氨酰-L-亮氨酰-L-亮氨酸-乙烯基--砜(NLVS);d)乙二醛-或硼酸残基,例如:吡唑基-CONH(CHPhe)CONH(CH异丁基)B(OH)2和二肽基-硼酸衍生物;e)频哪醇-酯,例如:苄氧羰基(Cbz)-Leu-leuboro-Leu-频哪醇-酯。Am J Clin Pathol 116(5):637-646,2001或美国申请号10/522706(2003年7月31日提交)中描述的蛋白酶体抑制剂也被包括在本发明范围内。在优选实施方案中,蛋白酶体抑制剂是PS-341/硼替佐米(VelcadeTM)。
免疫调节剂
″免疫调节药物或免疫调节剂″是指直接或间接作用于免疫系统的物质,例如通过刺激或抑制免疫系统细胞的细胞活性,所述细胞例如T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞或抗原呈递细胞(APC),或者通过作用于免疫系统外的成分,其转而刺激、抑制或调解免疫系统,例如激素、受体激动剂或拮抗剂和神经递质;免疫调节剂可以是例如免疫抑制剂或免疫刺激剂。″抗炎药物″是指治疗炎症应答(即针对损伤的组织反应)的物质,例如治疗免疫系统、血管系统或淋巴系统的物质。
适用于本发明的抗炎或免疫调节药物或剂包括但不限于干扰素衍生物,例如β血清子、β-干扰素;前列腺烷(prostane)衍生物,例如,PCT/DE93/0013中公开的化合物,例如,伊洛前列素、西卡前列素;糖皮质激素,例如,皮质醇、强的松龙、甲基强的松龙、地塞米松;免疫抑制剂,例如,环孢霉素A、FK-506、甲氧补骨脂素、沙利度胺、硫氮磺胺吡啶、硫唑嘌呤、氨甲喋呤;脂氧合酶抑制剂,例如zileutone、MK-886、WY-50295、SC-45662、SC-41661A、BI-L-357;白三烯拮抗剂,例如,DE 40091171德国专利申请P 42 42 390.2中公开的化合物;WO 9201675;SC-41930;SC-50605;SC-51146;LY 255283(D.K.Herron等,FASEB J.2:Abstr.4729,1988);LY 223982(D.M.Gapinski等J.Med.Chem.33:2798-2813,1990);U-75302和类似物,例如描述于J.Morris等,Tetrahedron Lett.29:143-146,1988,C.E.Burgos等,Tetrahedron Lett.30:5081-5084,1989;B.M.Taylor等,Prostaglandins 42:211-224,1991;美国专利号5,019,573中公开的化合物;ONO-LB-457和类似物,例如描述于K.Kishikawa等,Adv.Prostagl.Thombox.Leukotriene Res.21:407-410,1990;M.Konno等,Adv.Prostagl.Thrombox.Leukotriene Res.21:411-414,1990;WF-11605和类似物,例如公开于美国专利号4,963,583;公开于WO 9118601,WO 9118879;WO 9118880,WO 9118883的化合物,抗炎物质,例如NPC16570,NPC 17923,描述于L.Noronha-Blab.等,Gastroenterology 102(Suppl.):A 672,1992;NPC 15669和类似物,描述于R.M.Burch等,Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA 88:355-359,1991;S.Pou等,Biochem.Pharmacol.45:2123-2127,1993;肽衍生物,例如ACTH和类似物;可溶性TNF-受体;TNF-抗体;白介素的可溶性受体、其他细胞因子、T细胞蛋白;针对白介素的可溶性受体、其他细胞因子、T细胞蛋白的抗体。免疫调节剂的其他实例包括但不限于:methothrexate、来氟米特、环磷酰胺、环孢霉素A和大环内酯抗生素(例如,FK506(他克莫司))、甲基强的松龙(MP)、皮质类固醇、类固醇、麦考酚酸吗乙酯、雷帕霉素(西罗莫司)、咪唑立宾、脱氧精胍菌素、brequinar、malononitriloaminde(例如,leflunamide)、T细胞受体调节剂和细胞因子受体调节剂。有关T细胞受体调节剂和细胞因子受体调节剂的说明,参见3.1章,T细胞受体调节剂的实施例,包括但不限于抗T细胞受体抗体(例如,抗CD4单克隆抗体、抗CD3单克隆抗体、抗CD8单克隆抗体、抗CD40配体单克隆抗体、抗CD2单克隆抗体)和CTLA4-免疫球蛋白。细胞因子受体调节剂的实例包括但不限于可溶性细胞因子受体(例如,TNF-α受体的细胞外结构域或其片段、IL-1β受体的细胞外结构域或其片段和IL-6受体的细胞外结构域或其片段)、细胞因子或其片段(例如,白介素(IL)-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12、IL-15、TNF-α、干扰素(IFN)-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、和GM-CSF)、抗细胞因子受体抗体(例如,抗IL-2受体抗体、抗IL-4受体抗体、抗IL-6受体抗体、抗IL-10受体抗体、和抗IL-12受体抗体)、抗细胞因子抗体(例如,抗IFN受体抗体、抗TNF-α抗体、抗IL-1β抗体、抗IL-6抗体、和抗IL-12抗体)。美国专利申请号11/454559(2006年6月16日提交)中所列物质。优选的免疫调节药物是有效治疗多发性骨髓瘤、血浆或骨相关癌症的那些。在优选实施方案中,免疫调节剂选自沙利度胺(Thalomid)和来那度胺(Revlimid)。
抗血管生成剂
抗血管生成剂包括但不限于受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(RTKi),详细描述于美国专利申请号11/612744(2006年12月19日提交)或10/443254(2003年5月22日提交);抑制血管生成的cortisene;MMP抑制剂;整联蛋白抑制剂;PDGF拮抗剂;抗增殖剂;HIF-1抑制剂;成纤维细胞生长因子抑制剂;表皮生长因子抑制剂;TIMP抑制剂;胰岛素样生长因子抑制剂;TNF抑制剂;反义寡核苷酸;抗VEGF抗体、VEGF trap、NSAID、类固醇、SiRNA等,以及任何前述物质的前药。用于本发明组合物和方法的其他物质包括抗VEGF抗体(即,贝伐单抗或兰尼单抗);VEGF trap;siRNA分子,或其混合物,在酪氨酸激酶受体的至少两个靶向;糖皮质激素(即,地塞米松、氟米龙、甲羟松、β倍他米松、氟羟脱氢皮质甾醇、曲安缩松、强的松、强的松龙、氢化可的松、利美索隆、及其药学上可接受的盐、泼尼卡酯、地夫可特、卤代倍他米松、氢可的松、泼尼立定(21-二乙基氨基乙酸酯)、强的松龙戊酸酯、对氟米松、甲基强的松龙、甲泼尼松、甲哌地强龙、异氟泼尼龙、醋酸卤泼尼松、氯氟舒松、氟甲酰龙、氟氢缩松、氟强的松龙、乙酸氟泼尼定、醋酸甲氟龙、氟考龙、氟考丁酯、氟轻松醋酸酯、氟轻松、9-去氟肤轻松、氟地塞米松、氟氢可的松、fluclorinide、乌拉尔甘草次酸、醋丁二氟龙、双氟米松、双醋二氟拉松、去羟米松(去氧米松)、丙缩羟强龙、地西龙、可的伐唑、皮质酮、可的松、氯泼尼醇、氯氟土龙、氯氟美松铜、氯氟美松、氯强的松、咖啡醇、布地奈德、倍氯米松、安西奈德、别孕烷缩酮、阿氯米松、21-乙酸孕烯醇酮、曲拉缩松、乙酸二氟拉松、脱酰可的发唑、RU-26988、布地奈德、和脱酰可的发唑丙醇酸丙酯);萘并氢醌抗生素(即、利福霉素);和NSAID(即、奈帕芬胺、氨芬酸)。在优选实施方案中,抗血管生成剂选自沙利度胺(Thalomid)和来那度胺(Revlimid)。许多抗血管生成剂,例如来那度胺和沙利度胺,也用作免疫调节剂,即,它们具有双重作用机制。
烷化剂
如本文使用的,烷化剂或DNA烷化剂通过损伤DNA而起作用。DNA损伤可以伴随下述机制的任一种:在第一种机制中,烷化剂连接烷基至DNA碱基。该变更导致DNA在修复酶试图置换烷基化碱基时被修复酶片段化。烷化剂导致DNA损伤的第二种机制是形成交联桥,DNA原子间的键。在该过程中,两个碱基通过具有两个DNA结合位点的烷化剂连接在一起。交联防止DNA分开用于合成或转录。烷化剂的第三种作用机制引起核苷酸错配,导致突变。
有六组烷化剂:氮芥;氮丙啶;烷基磺酸酯;三氮烯;哌嗪;和亚硝基脲。烷化剂的实例包括但不限于噻替派和环磷酰胺(CYTOXANTM);烷基磺酸酯,例如白消安、英丙舒凡和嗪消安;氮丙啶,例如benzodopa、卡波醌、卡氮芥、meturedopa和uredopa;氮丙啶和methylamelamine,包括六甲蜜胺、三亚乙基蜜胺、trietylenephosphoramide、triethylenethiophosphaoramide和trimethylolomelamine;己酸配质(特别是bullatacin和bullatacinone);喜树碱(包括合成的类似物托泊替康);苔藓抑素;callystatin;CC-1065(包括其阿多来新、卡折来新和比折来新合成类似物);cryptophycin(特别是cryptophycin 1和cryptophycin 8)。优选的烷化剂选自苯丙氨酸氮芥和环磷酰胺。
皮质类固醇
皮质类固醇是与皮质醇密切相关的药物,皮质醇是肾上腺皮质(肾上腺外层)中天然产生的激素。皮质类固醇药物包括:β倍他米松(Celestone)、布地奈德(Entocort EC)、可的松(Cortone)、地塞米松(Decadron)、氢化可的松(Cortef)、甲基强的松龙(Medrol)、强的松龙(Prelone)、强的松(Deltasone)和氟羟脱氢皮质甾醇(Kenacort,Kenalog)。优选的皮质类固醇是地塞米松(包括衍生物,例如但不限于地塞米松磷酸钠和乙酸地塞米松)。皮质类固醇可以口服给予、注射入静脉或肌肉、局部应用至皮肤、直接注射(例如,注射入发炎的关节)。皮质类固醇可与其他药物结合使用,并且被指定用于短期和长期用途(例如,以脉冲剂量给予,施用于短期的剂量,以设定的间隔重复)。例如,皮质类固醇的推荐剂量范围可以是0.5至100mg/天。例如地塞米松可以被推荐在同一天或不同天施用范围0.5至100mg/天、更优选10至80mg/天、甚至更优选15至70mg/天或最优选20至60mg/天,例如在前四个治疗周期的每个28天周期的第1至4天、9至12天和17至20天,然后在每28天的第1至4天口服40mg/天。给药可以根据临床和实验室结果而被继续或调整。例如,剂量可以开始很高,然后逐渐减少或者反之亦然,或者可以高于或低于推荐的剂量,并且可以取决于被治疗的哺乳动物(例如,人)的体重。
药物结合物可以通过生化方法制备。为了连接药物或前药至抗体,使用连接基团。适合的连接基团是本领域公知的并且包括二硫基、酸敏基团、光敏基团、肽酶敏感基团、硫醚基团和酯酶敏感基团。优选的连接基团是二硫基和硫醚基。例如,结合物可以使用适当修饰抗体和药物或前药之间的二硫键交换反应或者通过含硫醇药物与已经被修饰含有马来酰亚胺基的抗体反应来构建。可选地,药物可以含有马来酰亚胺基并且抗体可以含有硫醇部分。现有技术描述了用于制备结合物的方法(参见美国专利5,208,030;5,416,064;6,333,410;6,441,163;6,716,821;6,913,748;7,276,497和美国申请号2005/0169933。药物分子还可以通过中间载体分子例如血清白蛋白连接至细胞结合剂。
根据本发明,细胞结合剂通过使双官能交联试剂与细胞结合剂反应而被修饰,从而导致接头分子与细胞结合剂的共价连接。如本文使用,“双官能交联试剂”是共价连接细胞结合剂与药物(例如本文所述药物)的任何化学部分。在本发明的优选实施方案中,连接部分的一部分由药物提供。就这点而言,药物包含是用于连接细胞结合剂与药物的较大接头分子的连接部分。例如,为了形成类美登醇DM1或DM4,美登素C-3位置的酯侧链被修饰以具有自由巯基(SH),如美国专利5,208,020;6,333,410;7,276,497中所描述。该硫醇化形式的美登素可以与修饰的细胞结合剂反应形成结合物。因此,最终的接头由两个组分组装,一个组分由交联试剂提供,而另一个组分由DM1或DM4的侧链提供。
任何适合的双官能交联试剂可用于本发明,只要接头试剂提供分别保留药物和细胞结合剂的治疗性(例如细胞毒性)和靶向特征。优选地,接头分子通过化学键连接药物与细胞结合剂(如上所述),使得药物和细胞结合剂被彼此化学偶联(例如,共价键合)。优选地,连接试剂是可裂解的接头。更优选地,接头在温和条件下裂解,即,细胞内药物活性不受影响的条件。适合的可裂解接头的实例包括二硫键接头、酸敏性接头、光敏性接头、肽酶敏感性接头和酯酶敏感性接头。含有二硫键的接头是可通过二硫键交换裂解的接头,这可以在生理条件下发生。酸敏感性接头是在酸性pH下可裂解的接头。例如,某些细胞内隔室,例如内体和溶酶体,具有酸性pH(pH 4-5)并提供适合裂解酸敏性接头的条件。光敏性接头在光可及的机体表面和许多体腔中有用。而且,红外光可以穿透组织。肽酶敏感性接头可用于裂解细胞内部或外部的某些肽(参见例如,Trouet等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,79:626-629(1982),和Umemoto等,Int.J.Cancer,43:677-684(1989))。
优选地,药物通过二硫键或硫醚键与细胞结合剂连接。接头分子包括可与细胞结合剂反应的反应性化学基团。用于与细胞结合剂反应的优选的反应性化学基团是N-琥珀酰亚胺酯和N-硫代琥珀酰亚胺酯。另外,接头分子包括反应性化学基团,优选可与药物反应形成二硫键的二硫代吡啶基。特别优选的接头分子包括例如N-琥珀酰亚胺基3-(2-吡啶基二硫)丙酸酯(SPDP)(参见例如,Carlsson等,Biochem.J.,173:723-737(1978)),N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(2-吡啶基二硫)丁酸酯(SPDB)(参见例如,美国专利4,563,304)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(2-吡啶基二硫)戊酸酯(SPP)(参见例如,CAS登记号341498-08-6),描述于美国专利6,913,748的其他反应性交联接头,其在此通过引用的方式整体并入。
而可裂解接头优选用于本发明方法,非可裂解接头还可用于产生上述结合物。非可裂解接头是能够以稳定共价方式连接药物与细胞结合剂的任何化学部分,所述药物例如类美登醇、长春花生物碱、多拉司他汀、auristatin或cryptophycin。因此,非可裂解接头基本上在药物或细胞结合剂保持活性的条件下抵抗酸诱导的裂解、光诱导的裂解、肽酶诱导的裂解、酯酶诱导的裂解和二硫键裂解。
在药物和细胞结合剂之间形成非可裂解接头的适合交联试剂是本领域公知的。非可裂解接头的实例包括具有用于与细胞结合剂反应的N-琥珀酰亚胺基酯或N-硫代琥珀酰亚胺基酯部分以及用于与药物反应的基于琥珀酰亚胺基或卤代乙酰基的部分的接头。包含基于马来酰亚胺基的部分的交联试剂包括N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷羧酸酯(SMCC)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基-4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)-环己烷-1-羧基-(6-酰胺己酸酯),其是SMCC(LC-SMCC)的“长链”类似物、κ-马来酰亚胺基十一烷酸N-琥珀酰亚胺基酯(KMUA)、γ-马来酰亚胺基丁酸N-琥珀酰亚胺基酯(GMBS)、ε-马来酰亚胺基己酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(EMCS)、m-马来酰亚胺基苯甲酰基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(MBS)、N-(α-马来酰亚胺基乙酰氧基)-琥珀酰亚胺酯(AMAS)、马来酰亚胺基-6-(β-马来酰亚胺基丙酰胺基)己酸酯(SMPH)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(p-马来酰亚胺基苯基)-丁酸酯(SMPB)和N-(p-马来酰亚胺基苯基)异氰酸酯(PMPI)。包含基于卤代乙酰基部分的交联试剂包括N-马来酰亚胺基-4-(碘代乙酰基)-氨基苯甲酸酯(SIAB)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基碘代乙酸酯(SIA)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基溴代乙酸酯(SBA)和N-琥珀酰亚胺基3-(溴代乙酰氨基)丙酸酯(SBAP)。
缺少形成非可裂解接头的硫原子的其他交联试剂可用于本发明方法。此类接头可以衍生自基于二羧酸的部分。适合的基于二羧酸的部分包括但不限于通式(IX)的α,ω-二羧酸:
HOOC-Xl-Yn-Zm-COOH
(IX),
其中X是具有2至20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基、烯基或炔基,Y是具有3至10个碳原子的环烷基或环烯基,Z是具有6至10个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳族基团,或者取代或未取代的杂环基团,其中杂基选自N、O或S,并且其中l、m和n各自为0或1,条件是l、m和n不同时为零。
许多本文公开的非可裂解接头详细描述于美国专利申请号10/960,602。可用于本发明的其他接头包括荷电接头或亲水接头并分别描述于美国专利申请号12/433,604和12/433,668。
可选地,如美国专利6,441,163 B1中所公开的,药物可以首先被修饰以引入适合与细胞结合剂反应的反应性酯。这些含有活化接头部分的类美登醇与细胞结合剂的反应提供产生可裂解或非可裂解的细胞结合剂类美登醇结合物的另一种方法。
本发明的免疫结合物和化疗剂可被体外、体内和/或活体外施用以治疗患者和/或调解选定细胞群的生长,所述细胞群包括例如肺、血液、血浆、乳腺、结肠、前列腺、肾、胰腺、脑、骨、卵巢、睾丸和淋巴器官的癌症;自身免疫疾病,例如全身性红斑狼疮、风湿性关节炎和多发性硬化;移植排斥,例如肾移植排斥、肝移植排斥、肺移植排斥、心移植排斥和骨髓移植排斥;移植物抗宿主疾病;病毒感染,例如CMV感染、HIV感染和AIDS;和寄生虫感染,例如贾第虫病、阿米巴病、血吸虫病及类似疾病。优选地,本发明的免疫结合物和化疗剂在体外、体内和/或活体外施用以治疗患者癌症和/或调解癌细胞生长,包括例如血液、血浆、肺、乳腺、结肠、前列腺、肾、胰腺、脑、骨、卵巢、睾丸和淋巴器官的癌症;优选地,癌细胞是乳腺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、卵巢癌细胞、结肠直肠癌细胞、多发性骨髓瘤细胞、卵巢癌细胞、成神经细胞瘤细胞、神经内分泌癌细胞、胃癌细胞、鳞状细胞癌细胞、小细胞肺癌细胞、睾丸癌细胞或其组合。
“调解选定细胞群的生长”包括抑制选定多发性骨髓瘤细胞群(例如,MOLP-8细胞、OPM2细胞、H929细胞及类似细胞)增殖分裂产生更多细胞;与例如未治疗细胞相比降低细胞分裂增速;杀伤选定细胞群;和/或防止选定细胞群(例如癌细胞)转移。选定细胞群的生长可以在体外、体内或活体外调解。
在本发明方法中,免疫结合物和化疗剂可单独或作为同一组合物的组分在体外、体内或活体外施用。组合施用包括使用分开制剂或单药物制剂的共施用,和按任一顺序的连续施用,其中优选地,两个(或全部)活性剂同时发挥其生物活性存在时段。优选地,此类组合疗法导致协同治疗效应。可被施用的抗癌药物包括DNA烷化剂,例如苯丙氨酸氮芥;蛋白酶体抑制剂,例如硼替佐米(Velcade);和免疫调节剂或抗血管生成剂,例如沙利度胺和来那度胺(Revlimid)以及皮质类固醇地塞米松。因此,例如,抗体-类美登醇结合物可与上列化疗剂的仅一种或上列两种或多种化疗剂组合相组合。例如,抗体-类美登醇结合物可与硼替佐米和来那度胺或沙利度胺组合,添加或未添加地塞米松。类似地,抗体-类美登醇结合物可与苯丙氨酸氮芥和硼替佐米或来那度胺组合,添加或未添加地塞米松。每种物质的施用顺序和剂量容易由本领域技术人员确定,使用个体物质被批准的施用方案(参见例如Physicians Desk Reference,(PDR)2006公开了沙利度胺的治疗优选剂量和给药方案(p 979-983)Velcade(p 2102-2106)和苯丙氨酸氮芥(p 976-979)。
免疫结合物和化疗剂可与公知的适合的药学上可接受载体、稀释剂和/或赋形剂一起使用,并且可以由本领域技术人员根据临床情况要求来确定。适合的载体、稀释剂和/或赋形剂的实例包括:(1)Dulbecco′s磷酸盐缓冲盐水,pH约6.5,其将含有约1mg/ml至25mg/ml人血清白蛋白,(2)0.9%盐水(0.9%w/v NaCl)和(3)5%(w/v)右旋糖。
本文所述化合物和组合物可以适当形式施用,优选胃肠外,更优选静脉内。对于胃肠外施用,化合物或组合物可以是水性或非水性无菌溶液、悬浮液或乳液。丙二醇、植物油和可注射有机酯,例如油酸乙酯,可用作溶剂或媒介物。组合物还可以含有佐剂、乳化剂或分散剂。
组合物还可以是无菌固体组合物形式,其可以溶于或分散于无菌水或任何其他科注射无菌介质中。
本文所述化疗剂和免疫结合物的″治疗有效量″指用于抑制选定细胞群增殖和/或治疗患者疾病的剂量方案,并根据多种因素来选择,包括患者年龄、体重、性别、饮食和医疗条件、疾病严重度、施用途径和药理学考虑,例如使用的特定化合物的活性、效力、药动学特征和毒性特征。″治疗有效量″还可参考标准医学教科书来确定,例如Physicians Desk Reference 2004。患者优选是动物,更优选哺乳动物,最优选人。患者可以是雄性或雌性,并且可以是婴儿、儿童或成人。
免疫结合物施用的适合方案的实例如下。免疫结合物可以每天给予,持续约5天,每天一次静脉内浓注持续约5天,或者连续输注约5天。
可选地,它们每周施用一次,持续六周或更长时间。作为另一种可选方案,它们可以每两周或三周施用一次。浓注剂量在约50至约400ml正常盐水中给予,可以向其中加入约5至约10ml人血清白蛋白。连续输注在约250至约500ml正常盐水中给予,可以每24小时周期向其中加入约25至约50ml人血清白蛋白。剂量为i.v.每人约10pg至约1000mg/kg(约100ng至约10mg/kg的范围)。
在治疗后约1至约4周,患者可以接受第二个疗程。有关施用途径、赋形剂、稀释剂、剂量和时间的具体临床方案可以由技术人员根据临床情况要求来确定。
本发明还提供药盒,包含填充了本发明药物化合物和/或组合物成分的一种或多种的一个或多个容器,包括一种或多种免疫结合物和一种或多种化疗剂。此类药盒还包括例如其他化合物和/或组合物,用于施用化合物和/或组合物的装置,和管理药物或生物制品生产、使用或销售的政府机构规定形式的书面说明书。
癌症疗法及其剂量、施用途径和推荐用途是本领域公知的并且已经被描述于诸如Physician′s Desk Reference(PDR)的文献中。PDR公开了已经用于治疗各种癌症的物质的剂量。治疗有效的这些前述化疗药物的给药方案和剂量将取决于待治疗的特定癌症、疾病程度和本领域医师熟悉的其他因素,并且可以由医师确定。PDR的内容在此通过引用整体明确并入。Physician′s Desk Reference(PDR)的2006版公开了沙利度胺(p 979-983)Velcade(p 2102-2106)和苯丙氨酸氮芥(p 976-979)的作用机制和优选的治疗剂量和给药方案。PDR的内容在此通过引用整体明确并入。本领域技术人员可以审查PDR,使用下述参数的一个或多个,来确定可根据本发明教导使用的化疗剂和结合物的给药方案和剂量。这些参数包括:
1.综合索引
a)生产商提供
b)产品(公司或商标药物名称)
c)分类索引(例如″蛋白酶体抑制剂″、″DNA烷化剂″、″苯丙氨酸氮芥″等)
d)通用/化学索引(非商标通用药物名称)
2.药物的彩色图像
3.产品信息,与FDA标签一致
a)化学信息
b)功能/作用
c)适应症&禁忌症
d)试验研究、副作用、警告
类似物和衍生物
治疗剂例如细胞毒性剂或化疗剂领域的技术人员将容易理解,本文所述此类物质的每一个可以如下方式修饰:得到的化合物依然保持起始化合物的特异性和/或活性。本领域技术人员还将理解,这些化合物的许多可以用来代替本文所述治疗剂。因此,本发明治疗剂包括本文所述化合物的类似物和衍生物。
本文和所附实施例中引用的所有参考文献通过引用整体明确并入。
实施例
本发明现在参考非限制性实施例来描述。除非另外说明,所有百分比和比例按体积计。
小鼠被接种人多发性骨髓瘤肿瘤细胞系并允许在治疗前被建立(平均肿瘤尺寸约100mm3)。结合物给药根据DM1浓度描述。效力被报导为治疗与对照的肿瘤生长%(%T/C)和对数细胞杀伤(LCK),通过肿瘤倍增时间和由于治疗的肿瘤生长延迟来确定。小于42%的百分比T/C值和/或0.5或更大的LCK值被认为是活性的;小于10%的百分比T/C值被认为是高度活性的(Bissery等,Cancer Res,51:4845-4852(1991)。
实施例1.人多发性骨髓瘤(MOLP-8)异种移植物用huN901-DM1和苯丙氨酸氮芥的组合疗法的抗肿瘤效应
huN901-DM1和苯丙氨酸氮芥组合的抗肿瘤效应在建立的多发性骨髓瘤皮下异种移植物模型中评估。Balb/c裸鼠(20只动物)被接种MOLP-8人多发性骨髓瘤细胞(1x107细胞/动物),皮下注射入小鼠右肩。当肿瘤达到约150mm3大小时(肿瘤细胞接种后21天),小鼠被随机分成四组(每组5只动物)。第一组小鼠用静脉内施用的huN901-DM1(肿瘤细胞接种后第22天,200μg/kg单次注射的DM1剂量)治疗。第二组动物用腹腔内施用的苯丙氨酸氮芥(肿瘤细胞接种后第23天,12mg/kg单次注射)治疗。第三组小鼠接受huN901-DM1和苯丙氨酸氮芥的组合,使用与组1和2相同的剂量、方案和施用途径。对照组动物接受磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS),使用与组1和2相同的方案和施用途径。通过每周两次测量肿瘤大小来监测肿瘤生长。肿瘤大小用下式评估:长x宽x高x1/2。
肿瘤生长数据显示于图1A。在对照动物组中,肿瘤在大约33天长至1000mm3。用huN901-DM1或苯丙氨酸氮芥单独治疗分别导致11天和14天的肿瘤生长延迟。相反,用苯丙氨酸氮芥和huN901-DM1组合治疗导致35天的肿瘤生长延迟,并且根据NCI标准是高度活性的(T/C=4%,参见表1(图1B))。
组合治疗对数细胞杀伤(LCK)是2.1,其大于个体药物的LCK值的总和,表明协同活性。
实施例2.人多发性骨髓瘤(MOLP-8)异种移植物用huN901-DM1和沙利度胺的组合疗法的抗肿瘤效应
huN901-DM1和沙利度胺组合的抗肿瘤效应在建立的多发性骨髓瘤皮下异种移植物模型中评估。SCID小鼠(36只动物)被接种MOLP-8人多发性骨髓瘤细胞(1x107细胞/动物),皮下注射入小鼠右肩。当肿瘤达到约150mm3大小时(肿瘤细胞接种后15天),小鼠被随机分成六组(每组6只动物)。两组小鼠分别用静脉内施用的100μg/kg和250μg/kg的DM1剂量的单剂huN901-DM1(肿瘤细胞接种后第16天和23天,lqwx2)治疗。第三组小鼠用200mg/kg剂量的沙利度胺治疗(肿瘤细胞接种后第16天、18-22天和25-29天,总计11剂量),作为在PBS中1%羧甲基纤维素中的悬浮液腹腔内施用。两组用huN901-DM1(100μg/kg或250μg/kg)+沙利度胺的组合治疗,使用与单剂治疗组使用的相同剂量、方案和施用途径。对照组动物接受静脉内施用的PBS(肿瘤细胞接种后第16天和23天,lqwx2)。通过每周两次测量肿瘤大小来监测肿瘤生长。肿瘤大小用下式评估:长x宽x高x1/2。
肿瘤生长数据显示于图2A。huN901-DM1+沙利度胺的组合在MOLP-8异种移植物中是活性的,导致加合至协同活性(表2(图2B))。作为单剂时无活性的剂量的huN901-DM1和沙利度胺的组合(100μg/kghuN901-DM1,200mg/kg沙利度胺)根据NCI标准是活性的(T/C=26%;表2(图2B))。
huN901-DM1(250μg/kg)+沙利度胺(200mg/kg)的组合导致高活性组合(T/C=7%),对数细胞杀伤为1.0,其大于个体药物的LCK值的总和。
实施例3.人多发性骨髓瘤(OPM2)异种移植物用huN901-DM1和硼替佐米组合疗法的抗肿瘤效应
huN901-DM1和硼替佐米(Velcade,Millennium Pharmaceuticals)组合的抗肿瘤效应在建立的多发性骨髓瘤皮下异种移植物模型中评估。SCID小鼠(36只动物)被接种OPM2人多发性骨髓瘤细胞(1x107细胞/动物),皮下注射入小鼠右肩。当肿瘤达到约70mm3大小时(肿瘤细胞接种后12天),小鼠被随机分成六组(每组6只动物)。两组小鼠分别用静脉内施用的100μg/kg和200μg/kg的DM1剂量的单剂huN901-DM1(肿瘤细胞接种后第12天)治疗。第三组小鼠用静脉内施用的1mg/kg剂量的单剂硼替佐米治疗(肿瘤细胞接种后第13天和16天)。两组用huN901-DM1(100μg/kg或200μg/kg)+硼替佐米的组合治疗,使用与单剂治疗组使用的相同剂量、方案和施用途径。对照组动物接受静脉内施用的PBS(肿瘤细胞接种后第12天)。通过每周两次测量肿瘤大小来监测肿瘤生长。肿瘤大小用下式评估:长x宽x高x1/2。
huN901-DM1+硼替佐米的组合在OPM2异种移植物中是高活性的,导致与两种剂量组合的协同活性。用剂量100和200μg/kg的单独huN901-DM1治疗在第91天分别导致6只中的1只和6只中的3只的无肿瘤小鼠(参见表3(图3B))。此时在硼替佐米单剂组中没有无肿瘤小鼠。huN901-DM1+硼替佐米(1mg/kg)的组合导致6只小鼠中的6只完全肿瘤消退,小鼠保持无肿瘤至肿瘤测试最后一天第91天。肿瘤生长曲线显示在图3A。
huN901-DM1+硼替佐米的组合导致协同性的高活性组合。
实施例4.人多发性骨髓瘤(H929)大肿瘤异种移植物用huN901-DM1和硼替佐米组合疗法的抗肿瘤效应
huN901-DM1和硼替佐米组合的抗肿瘤效应在建立的多发性骨髓瘤皮下异种移植物模型中评估。SCID小鼠(54只动物)被接种H929人多发性骨髓瘤细胞(1x107细胞/动物),皮下注射入小鼠右肩。当肿瘤达到约300mm3大小时(肿瘤细胞接种后34天),小鼠被随机分成11组(每组6只动物)。两组小鼠分别用静脉内施用的50μg/kg和100μg/kg的DM1剂量的单剂huN901-DM1(肿瘤细胞接种后第34天)治疗。两组小鼠用静脉内施用的0.5mg/kg低剂量和1mg/kg高剂量的单剂硼替佐米(肿瘤细胞接种后第35天和38天)治疗。评估了四个组合组,每剂量huN901-DM1+低或高剂量硼替佐米的组合,使用与单剂治疗组使用的相同方案。对照组动物接受静脉内施用的PBS(肿瘤细胞接种后第34天)。通过每周两次测量肿瘤大小来监测肿瘤生长。肿瘤大小用下式评估:长x宽x高x1/2。
huN901-DM1与低剂量硼替佐米的组合在H929肿瘤中是协同性的。作为单剂时无活性的剂量的huN901-DM1和硼替佐米的组合(50μg/kg huN901-DM1,0.5mg/kg硼替佐米)根据NCI标准是活性的(T/C=38%;参见表4a(图4B))。huN901-DM1(100μg/kg)+硼替佐米(0.5mg/kg)的组合还导致活性组合(T/C=17%,在第119天研究结束时6只小鼠中一只无肿瘤;参见图4A)。
huN901-DM1与高剂量硼替佐米的组合在H929肿瘤中也是协同性的。作为单剂的高剂量硼替佐米(1.0mg/kg)在H929大肿瘤模型中是活性的(T/C=11%,在第119天6只小鼠中1只无肿瘤;参见表4b(图4D))。高剂量硼替佐米与huN901-DM1(50和100μg/kg)的组合治疗是高活性的,分别如7%和0%的低T/C值所示;后一组合导致在第119天5/6无肿瘤小鼠(参见图4C)。huN901-DM1+硼替佐米组合导致协同性的高活性组合。
实施例5.人多发性骨髓瘤(OPM2)异种移植物用huN901-DM1和来那度胺组合疗法的抗肿瘤效应
huN901-DM1和来那度胺组合的抗肿瘤效应在建立的多发性骨髓瘤皮下异种移植物模型中评估。SCID小鼠(20只动物)被接种OPM2人多发性骨髓瘤细胞(1x107细胞/动物),皮下注射入小鼠右肩。当肿瘤达到约130mm3大小时(肿瘤细胞接种后16天),小鼠被随机分成四组(每组5只动物)。一组小鼠用静脉内施用的单剂huN901-DM1(肿瘤细胞接种后第16天,200μg/kg)治疗。第二组小鼠用单剂来那度胺(肿瘤细胞接种后第16-20天、22-26天,100mg/kg)治疗,作为在1%羧甲基纤维素/PBS中的悬浮液通过腹腔内注射施用。第三组用huN901-DM1+来那度胺的组合治疗,使用与单剂治疗组使用的相同剂量、方案和施用途径。对照组动物接受静脉内施用的PBS(肿瘤细胞接种后第16天)。通过每周两次测量肿瘤大小来监测肿瘤生长。肿瘤大小用下式评估:长x宽x高x1/2。
huN901-DM1(200μg/kg,第16天)单次注射治疗针对OPM2多发性骨髓瘤异种移植物是活性的(T/C=26%,LCK=0.9;参见表5(图5B));来那度胺作为单剂(100mg/kg,第16-20天,第23-27天)的活性是明显的(T/C=28%,LCK=0.9)。huN901-DM1+来那度胺的组合是高活性的(T/C=1.4%,LCK=1.7),在研究结束时1/5小鼠无肿瘤;在huN901-DM1或来那度胺/地塞米松治疗组中没有无肿瘤幸存者。该研究的结果显示,组合治疗是协同性的,显示了比药物作为单剂更高的活性。肿瘤生长数据显示于表5(图5B)和图5A)。
实施例6.huN901-DM1与硼替佐米的组合的抗肿瘤效应的方案依赖性
huN901-DM 1和硼替佐米(Velcade,Millennium Pharmaceuticals)组合的抗肿瘤效应在建立的多发性骨髓瘤皮下异种移植物模型中评估。本研究的目的是确定组合疗法的最佳方案。SCID小鼠(18只动物)被接种OPM2人多发性骨髓瘤细胞(1x107细胞/动物),皮下注射入小鼠右肩。当肿瘤达到约70mm3大小时(肿瘤细胞接种后12天),小鼠被随机分成3组(每组6只动物)。第一组小鼠首先在第0天和第3天用剂量为1mg/kg的硼替佐米治疗,随后在第3天用剂量为13mg/kg的huN901-DM1治疗。在可选方案中,第二组小鼠首先在第0天用剂量为13mg/kg的huN901-DM1治疗,随后在3天后(第3天和第6天)用剂量为1mg/kg的硼替佐米治疗。对照组动物接受静脉内施用的PBS(肿瘤细胞接种后第12天)。通过每周两次测量肿瘤大小来监测肿瘤生长。肿瘤大小用下式评估:长x宽x高x1/2。
预料不到的是,只有当硼替佐米首先被施用时,huN901-DM1+硼替佐米的组合在OPM2异种移植物中是高活性的(参见图6)。因此,该方案导致肿瘤的完全消退,在第120天,6只小鼠中5只无肿瘤。当硼替佐米被后来施用(即,在huN901-DM1施用之后)时,治疗仅导致肿瘤生长的适度延迟,在第30天,没有动物是无肿瘤的。该数据表明,在硼替佐米和免疫结合物的组合疗法中,施用方案是关键的。可以想象,用硼替佐米预治疗可能使肿瘤细胞对免疫结合物huN901-DM1的杀伤是敏感的。
实施例7.人多发性骨髓瘤(MOLP-8)异种移植物用huN901-DM1和来那度胺+低剂量地塞米松的三重组合疗法的抗肿瘤效应
huN901-DM1和来那度胺+低剂量地塞米松的三重组合的抗肿瘤效应在建立的多发性骨髓瘤皮下异种移植物模型中评估。SCID小鼠被接种MOLP-8人多发性骨髓瘤细胞(1.5x107细胞/动物),皮下注射入小鼠右肩。当肿瘤达到约100mm3大小时(肿瘤细胞接种后13天),24只小鼠被随机分成四组(每组6只动物)。治疗在接种后第13天开始,如治疗第1天所示。一组小鼠用单剂huN901-DM1治疗(150μg/kg,在第1天和第8天静脉内施用)。第二组小鼠用来那度胺/低剂量地塞米松组合治疗(100mg/kg来那度胺,在第1-15天、8-12天作为在1%羧甲基纤维素/PBS中的悬浮液通过腹腔内注射施用;1.5mg/kg地塞米松,在第1天和第8天通过皮下注射施用)。第二组小鼠用来那度胺/低剂量地塞米松组合治疗。第三组用huN901-DM1+来那度胺/地塞米松的三重组合治疗,使用与单独治疗组使用的相同剂量、方案和施用途径。对照组动物接受静脉内施用的PBS(第1天和第8天)。通过每周两次测量肿瘤大小来监测肿瘤生长。肿瘤大小用下式评估:长x宽x高x1/2。
用huN901-DM1(150μg/kg,qw x 2)或来那度胺+地塞米松治疗针对MOLP-8肿瘤是等活性的(T/C=33%,LCK=0.5;参见表7(图7b))。huN901-DM1/来那度胺/地塞米松的三重组合是高活性的(T/C=0%,LCK=1.4),与huN901-DM1或来那度胺/地塞米松治疗组中无消退相比,所有小鼠(6/6)经历部分消退,并且4/6小鼠具有完全肿瘤消退。肿瘤数据显示于表7(图7b)和图7A。
携带MOLP-8肿瘤的小鼠的卫星治疗组(每组3只动物)与效力研究平行地治疗,在第3天(治疗后48小时)被处死,收集肿瘤,用裂解的半胱天冬酶-3的抗体进行免疫组织化学以评估凋亡。用huN901-DM1/来那度胺/地塞米松三重组合治疗的小鼠的肿瘤表现出与对照相比半胱天冬酶-3染色的显著增加,并且单一疗法治疗组具有基线或接近基线的凋亡水平(数据在图8A中显示)。在抗肿瘤活性研究中检测到肿瘤体积的任何变化之前,三重组合的这种凋亡的急剧增加在治疗早期是明显的。
这些研究的结果显示,huN901-DM1/来那度胺/地塞米松的三重组合治疗是协同性的,显示比作为单独疗法的物质更高的抗肿瘤活性和肿瘤细胞凋亡的显著增加。
Claims (28)
1.一种药物组合物,包含至少一种化疗剂和至少一种免疫结合物的协同组合,其中所述免疫结合物包含至少一种细胞结合剂和至少一种抗有丝分裂剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,还包含第三物质,其中所述第三物质是皮质类固醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述化疗剂是蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂或抗血管生成剂、DNA烷化剂或其两种或多种的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述化疗剂是雷帕霉素、贝伐单抗、硼替佐米、沙利度胺、来那度胺、苯丙氨酸氮芥、环磷酰胺或其两种或多种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述化疗剂是硼替佐米、沙利度胺、来那度胺、苯丙氨酸氮芥或其两种或多种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述细胞结合剂是抗体、单链抗体、结合靶细胞的抗体片段、单克隆抗体、单链单克隆抗体或结合靶细胞的单克隆抗体片段、嵌合抗体、结合靶细胞的嵌合抗体片段、结合靶细胞的域抗体片段、淋巴因子、激素、维生素、生长因子、集落刺激因子或营养素转运分子。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体是表面重塑抗体、表面重塑单链抗体或其表面重塑抗体片段。
8.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体是单克隆抗体、单链单克隆抗体或其单克隆抗体片段。
9.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体是嵌合抗体、嵌合抗体片段、域抗体或其域抗体片段。
10.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体是人抗体、人源化抗体或表面重塑抗体、人源化单链抗体或其人源化抗体片段。
11.根据权利要求10所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体是My9-6、B4、C242、N901、DS6、EpCAM、EphA2、CD38、IGF-IR、CNTO 95、B-B4、曲妥单抗、比伐单抗、西洛珠单抗、怕妥珠单抗或利妥昔单抗。
12.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述细胞结合剂结合选自以下的靶细胞:肿瘤细胞、病毒感染细胞、微生物感染细胞、寄生虫感染细胞、自身免疫细胞、活化细胞、骨髓细胞、活化T细胞、B细胞或黑素细胞;表达IGF-IR、CanAg、EGFR、EphA2、MUC1、MUC16、VEGF、TF、MY9、抗B4、EpCAM、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD6、CDI1、CD 11a、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD26、CD30、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD44、CD56、CD79、CD105、CD138、EphA、EphB、EGFr、EGFRvIII、HER2/neu、HER3、间皮素、cripto、αvβ3、整联蛋白、αvβ5整联蛋白、αvβ6整联蛋白、Apo2或C242抗原的一种或多种的细胞;和表达胰岛素生长因子受体、表皮生长因子受体或叶酸受体的细胞。
13.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中增殖性疾患选自由以下组成的组:癌症、自身免疫疾病、移植物排斥、移植物抗宿主疾病、病毒感染和寄生虫感染。
14.根据权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中所述癌症选自:乳腺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、卵巢癌细胞、结肠直肠癌细胞、多发性骨髓瘤细胞、卵巢癌细胞、成神经细胞瘤细胞、神经内分泌癌细胞、胃癌细胞、鳞状细胞癌细胞、小细胞肺癌细胞或睾丸癌细胞。
15.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗有丝分裂剂选自类美登醇、CC-1065类似物、吗啉代阿霉素、紫杉烷、卡里奇霉素、auristatin、吡咯苯并二氮卓二聚体、siRNA或其组合、及上述任一个的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
17.一种药物组合物,包含以下的协同组合:(i)至少一种化疗剂,选自由硼替佐米、沙利度胺、来那度胺、苯丙氨酸氮芥、环磷酰胺或其两种或多种的混合物组成的组,和(ii)免疫结合物,包含类美登醇和与以下细胞表达的抗原结合的人源化单克隆抗体或其片段:乳腺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、卵巢癌细胞、结肠直肠癌细胞、多发性骨髓瘤细胞、成神经细胞瘤细胞、神经内分泌癌细胞、胃癌细胞、鳞状细胞癌细胞、小细胞肺癌细胞或睾丸癌细胞。
18.根据权利要求17所述的组合物,还包含第三物质,其中所述第三物质是皮质类固醇。
19.根据权利要求15所述的药物组合物,其中所述类美登醇是下式的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R4是H、CH3或CH2CH3,并且可以相同或不同;
m是0、1、2或3;并且may是类美登醇。
20.根据权利要求2或18所述的药物组合物,其中所述皮质类固醇选自地塞米松或强的松。
21.一种药物组合物,包含:根据权利要求1或17所限定的协同组合物;和药学上可接受的载体。
22.一种用于治疗或调解选定细胞群生长的方法,包括向所述选定细胞群施用治疗有效量的根据权利要求1或17的组合物。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,还包括施用治疗有效量的皮质类固醇。
24.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述选定细胞群包括选自由以下组成的组的细胞:癌症、自身免疫疾病、移植物排斥、移植物抗宿主疾病、病毒感染和寄生虫感染。
25.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述癌症包括以下的一种或多种:乳腺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、卵巢癌细胞、结肠直肠癌细胞、多发性骨髓瘤细胞、成神经细胞瘤细胞、神经内分泌癌细胞、胃癌细胞、鳞状细胞癌细胞、小细胞肺癌细胞或睾丸癌细胞。
26.药剂,包含根据权利要求1至19之一所述的组合物和药学上可接受的载体。
27.根据权利要求1或17所述的药剂,其特征在于所述药剂另外包含皮质类固醇。
28.根据权利要求1至19之一所述的组合物在制备治疗增殖性疾患的药剂中的用途。
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JP (1) | JP2011524421A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20110028450A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102065891A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009271401A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0914789A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2727278A1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL209911A0 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2010013833A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ589880A (zh) |
SG (1) | SG191679A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010008726A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201009076B (zh) |
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CN111867621A (zh) * | 2018-01-18 | 2020-10-30 | 美真达治疗公司 | 用于耗尽cd134+细胞的组合物和方法 |
CN113924317A (zh) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-01-11 | 葛兰素史克知识产权开发有限公司 | 贝兰他单抗莫福汀与派姆单抗组合用于治疗癌症 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105407921A (zh) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-03-16 | 赛诺菲 | 包含抗cd38抗体和卡非佐米的组合物 |
CN111867621A (zh) * | 2018-01-18 | 2020-10-30 | 美真达治疗公司 | 用于耗尽cd134+细胞的组合物和方法 |
CN113924317A (zh) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-01-11 | 葛兰素史克知识产权开发有限公司 | 贝兰他单抗莫福汀与派姆单抗组合用于治疗癌症 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0914789A2 (pt) | 2015-10-20 |
RU2011101461A (ru) | 2012-07-27 |
CA2727278A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
SG191679A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2300052A4 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
JP2011524421A (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
AU2009271401A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
ZA201009076B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
MX2010013833A (es) | 2011-02-15 |
KR20110028450A (ko) | 2011-03-18 |
US8563700B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
US20100028346A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
EP2300052A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
WO2010008726A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
IL209911A0 (en) | 2011-02-28 |
NZ589880A (en) | 2012-10-26 |
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