CN102061994A - Method and device for indirectly promoting medium and low temperature solar heat energy grades - Google Patents
Method and device for indirectly promoting medium and low temperature solar heat energy grades Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for indirectly promoting medium and low temperature solar heat energy grades, which comprises the following steps of: introducing medium and low temperature solar heat energy in chemical regenerative cycle, converting the solar heat energy into steam internal energy by means of steam evaporation latent heat, converting the steam internal energy into synthetic gas chemical energy by reforming reaction with the participation of steam to realize grade promotion, and finally implementing heat power conversion in a combustion gas turbine system. Because of the introduction of solar energy, turbine exhaust waste heat reclamation is improved, fossil energy consumption is reduced, meanwhile, steam yield is increased, and chemical regeneration and physical regeneration benefits are increased. The solar energy heat-to-power net efficiency can reach 25 to 30 percent; and compared with the conventional chemical regenerative cycle, the efficiency is improved by 5.7 percent, the fossil energy can be saved by 20 to 30 percent, and meanwhile, CO2 emission reduction is realized. Therefore, the method has good economic efficiency and broad engineering application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to method and the solar energy that proposes in view of the above and the chemical back heating circulatory system (SOLRGT) of fossil energy integrated complementary that a kind of middle low temperature solar thermal energy grade promotes indirectly.
Background technique
Low-temperature solar energy utilized technology and utilizes the chemical back heating power generation technology during at present technology related to the present invention mainly comprised, the state of development and the system features of technology is as follows separately for it:
1) low-temperature solar energy utilizes technology in
In view of the finiteness of fossil energy resource and utilize and produce the seriousness of polluting in the process, developing novel clean energy resources (being the non-carbon energy especially) conversion using becomes an importance of sustainable development.In recent years, solar energy obtains extensive concern with the advantages such as Economy of the spatter property of its unique reserves unlimitedness, the generality that exists, development and use and progressively lifting, becomes one of effective way that solves energy shortage, environmental pollution and greenhouse effect.
Current, the main developing direction of solar utilization technique is that solar photoelectric transforms and photo-thermal transforms, and wherein the solar thermal power generating of photo-thermal conversion is again the most attractive heliotechnics of following twenty or thirty year.But difficult and the low solar energy generation technology cost that causes that waits of energy conversion efficiency is high such as energy storage, be that puzzlement solar thermal power power generation system develops and the great bottleneck of engineering application on a large scale always.Tracing it to its cause, is that solar energy density is low, spatial and temporal distributions is discontinuous on the one hand; On the other hand and what is more important solar energy heating efficient and thermodynamic cycle hot merit conversion efficiency have the contradiction that is difficult to be in harmonious proportion always.Solar energy thermal-power-generating technology and emerging thermochemistry energy conversion technique (as the thermochemistry Conversion of energy system of gas renormalizing etc.) research at present focuses mostly on 900~1200 ℃ transformation of energy of high temperature solar heat and utilization, and mostly is the raising of component capabilities such as high-temperature heat-gathering and thermochemistry conversion and the research and development of relevant new material.High-temperature heat-gathering more than 1000 ℃ is low with equipment complexity, cost of investment height and photo-thermal conversion efficiency invariably to be cost.Comparatively speaking, current 150~350 ℃ middle low-temperature solar energy heat utilization technology obtains large-scale commercial applicationsization with its good solar collecting performance and economic simple heat-collecting devcie.The heat collector of this temperature range adopts the simple optical block of oligomeric light ratio mostly, and solar collecting performance is good, and thermal efficiency generally can reach more than 60%, and has effectively avoided the expensive cost of high temperature solar Conversion of energy system.Yet the temperature of working medium is low more as can be known by the engineering thermodynamics principle, and it is difficult more to realize that heat is changeed merit, at present in the utilization of low-temperature heat quantity still lack effective technology.Relative therewith, conventional energy resource utilizes system through the development in over one hundred year, and technology and technology become better and approaching perfection day by day, has reached more than 1400 ℃ as advanced person's gas turbine working medium temperature.If renewable energy sourcess such as imagination solar energy are able to realize transformation of energy and release in the conventional energy resource system, not only can substitute the consumption of part fossil energy, reduce corresponding pollutant emission, more will greatly improve the renewable energy sources energy and discharge grade and heat commentaries on classics effect rate, alleviate its instability, a discontinuous supply difficult problem simultaneously.The complementary cascade utilization of middle low-temperature solar energy and fossil fuel is expected to provide a brand-brand-new way for solving the clean utilization low and the realization fossil fuel of solar energy transformation efficiency simultaneously.
In the multi-energy complementation system, middle low-temperature solar energy can be mutually integrated with some physics endothermic process in the thermodynamic system (heat is integrated), as evaporation process, heat recovery process; Also can with some endothermic chemical reaction mutually integrated (thermochemistry is integrated), as pyrolytic reaction and reforming reaction etc.The former is as the steam Rankine cycle complementary system of N.Lior and K.Koai proposition, the low-temperature zone working-medium water absorbs about 100 ℃ of solar heat evaporation, the high temperature section combustion of fossil fuel provides heat to make steam superheating, form the coupling utilization of different heat sources in the different temperatures section, solar heat input share is up to 80%, and system thermal efficiency can reach 18%.A kind of middle low-temperature solar energy that the latter such as H.Hong and H.Jin propose and the combined cycle system of fossil fuel thermochemistry complementation, utilize the pyrolysis characteristics of methanol fuel under middle cryogenic conditions, with 200~300 ℃ Driven by Solar Energy methyl alcohol thermal desorption thermal response, generate with H
2With CO be the synthetic gas of main component, be high-grade synthetic gas chemical energy thereby make low-grade conversion of solar energy; Synthetic gas drives the acting of Gas combined cycle, has realized lifting and its efficient conversion in power system of middle low-temperature solar energy grade.In its analysis of cases, solar heat input ratio is 18%, solar electrical energy generation net efficiency and system
Efficient reaches 35% and 60.7% respectively, but turbine blade cooling influence has been ignored in this calculating.
2. utilize the chemical back heating power generation technology
Chemical back heating circulates in the chemical reforming reaction of having introduced fuel on the combustion gas turbine Brayton circuit basis, and when fuel was methane, reaction was mainly:
ΔH=-41.17kJ/(mol?CO)
When fuel was methyl alcohol, reaction was mainly:
They all are heat absorption reaction, and pressure is more little, temperature is high more, steam/hydrocarbons ratio is high more, and fuel conversion is high more.After fuel is converted into synthetic gas, the calorific value of fuel is improved, compare in original exhaust heat boiler, the regenerator physics callback course to fume afterheat, the chemical back heating circulation has increased in the reformer chemical recovery process to fume afterheat, thereby makes the circulation reach higher efficient.Methane is the main component of rock gas, and is wider than the methyl alcohol application.But methane reforming reaction generally needs the high temperature more than 800 ℃ under nickel-base catalyst, and is not reacting substantially below 330 ℃.Therefore it is infeasible directly providing reaction heat to drive methane reforming reaction with middle low-temperature solar energy.Compare, methyl alcohol can be realized reforming fully at 200~300 ℃.People such as Kesser analog result in 1994 shows: the thermal efficiency that with methane is the basic chemical back heating circulation (cold continuously heat again) of fuel reaches 48.8%, is higher than the steam injection circulation under the identical notes vapour rate.Simultaneously, owing to contain a large amount of water vapors, circuit NO in the synthetic gas
xDischarge quite low, significantly improve than merit.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of in the indirect method for improving of low temperature solar thermal energy grade and device, with low temperature solar thermal energy effective conversion in realizing and and the comprehensive cascade utilization of fossil fuel complementation.
For achieving the above object, the method that low temperature solar thermal energy grade promotes indirectly in provided by the invention, low temperature solar thermal energy in the chemical back heating circulation, introducing, thereby provide steam raising latent heat to be converted into internal steam work, participate in reforming reaction by steam and be converted into the synthetic gas chemical energy, the realization grade promotes, and realizes the hot merit conversion at last in gas turbine engine systems.
The device that is used to realize said method provided by the invention mainly comprises:
Low pressure compressor: air is risen to certain pressure;
Inter cooler: the air that rises to certain pressure is cooled;
High-pressure compressor: air is boosted to Brayton circuit maximum pressure;
Fuel pressure mechanism of qi: the pressure that fuel gas is boosted to reforming reaction;
Pump: the pressure that fresh water is boosted to reforming reaction;
Regenerator: utilize the turbine exhaust that water vapor and the mixed gas of compression back fuel gas, the air after the compression are heated;
Reformer:, make fuel and water vapor under pressure, carry out chemical reforming reaction by the flue gas heat supply;
The firing chamber: synthetic gas and air generation combustion reaction obtain high-temperature gas;
Combustion gas turbine: high-temperature fuel gas expands and does work;
Generator: be connected with combustion gas turbine, combustion gas turbine produced mechanical work be converted into electric energy output;
Economizer: by the flue gas heat supply, the saturation state of heating freshet thigh to the reforming reaction pressure;
Vaporizer: utilize solar energy that the saturation water under the reforming reaction pressure is evaporated;
Solar thermal collector: collect solar energy;
Water after the pressurization is sent into economizer and is heated to saturated aquosity under the reformation pressure, the vaporizer that enters solar heat collector to supply heat again is heated to be steam, with send into regenerator after fuel gas after the fuel pressure mechanism of qi compression mixes and further be heated, enter reformer generation heat absorption reaction subsequently, the synthetic gas of generation is sent into the firing chamber; Air is after the low pressure compressor compression, sending into inter cooler cools off, send into high-pressure compressor again and be compressed to Brayton circuit maximum pressure, sending into regenerator subsequently further is heated, send into the firing chamber at last, generate high-temperature fuel gas with the synthetic gas burning, send into combustion gas turbine expansion acting, realize power output.
In the described device, the hot side-entrance of reformer is the combustion gas turbine exhaust, and outlet connects regenerator, and the cold side import is connected with regenerator, and outlet connects the firing chamber.
In the described device, the hot side-entrance of regenerator is connected with reformer, and outlet connects economizer, and the cold side import is connected with the mixing chamber of steam with high-pressure compressor, fuel gas, and outlet connects firing chamber, reformer respectively.
In the described device, vaporizer institute calorific requirement is provided by solar thermal collector, and import links to each other with economizer, and outlet steam mixes with compression back fuel gas.
In the described device, the economizer heat side-entrance is connected with regenerator, and the cold side outlet connects vaporizer, and import links to each other with pump.
In the described device, arranged inter cooler between compressed-air actuated low pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor.
In the described device, cold compression between air has adopted.
In the described device, the cold side of regenerator has been arranged the mixed gas of compression back fuel gas and water vapor, the two bursts of logistics of air after the compression.
The present invention realized middle low temperature solar thermal energy effective conversion and and the comprehensive cascade utilization of fossil fuel complementation, efficient has realized CO when improving
2Reduce discharging, heating power, the feature of environmental protection are all good, have wide future in engineering applications.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the indirect lifting of middle low-temperature solar energy grade of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the SOLRGT circulation means flow chart that solar energy grade of the present invention promotes indirectly.
Embodiment
Chemical back heating circulation (SOLRGT) system of method that low temperature solar thermal energy grade promoted indirectly during the present invention realized by fuel reforming reaction and the complementation of solar energy fossil fuel, be the solar energy grade to be promoted indirectly with the high-efficiency gas turbine circulation combine, low-temperature solar energy in the chemical back heating circulation, introducing, at first provide steam raising latent heat to be converted into internal steam work, further be converted into the synthetic gas chemical energy by participating in reforming reaction again, after grade promotes, in the combustion machine, realize the hot merit conversion at last.Capital equipment comprises:
Low pressure compressor: air is risen to certain pressure;
Inter cooler: the air that rises to certain pressure is cooled;
High-pressure compressor: air is boosted to Brayton circuit maximum pressure;
Fuel pressure mechanism of qi: the pressure (consideration crushing) that fuel gas is boosted to reforming reaction;
Pump: the pressure (consideration crushing) that fresh water is boosted to reforming reaction;
Regenerator: utilize the turbine exhaust that water vapor and the mixed gas of compression back fuel gas, the air after the compression are heated;
Reformer:, make fuel and water vapor under certain pressure, carry out chemical reforming reaction by the flue gas heat supply;
The firing chamber: synthetic gas and air generation combustion reaction obtain high-temperature gas;
Combustion gas turbine: high-temperature fuel gas expands and does work;
Generator: be connected with combustion gas turbine, combustion gas turbine produced mechanical work be converted into electric energy output;
Economizer: by the flue gas heat supply, the saturation state of heating freshet thigh to the reforming reaction pressure;
Vaporizer: utilize solar energy that the saturation water under the reforming reaction pressure is evaporated;
Solar thermal collector: collect solar energy.
The pipeline that connection between above-mentioned each equipment is common employing connects.
The chemical back heating circulatory system (SOLRGT) of described solar energy and fossil energy integrated complementary is characterized in that: the hot side-entrance of reformer is the combustion gas turbine exhaust, and outlet connects regenerator, and the cold side import is connected with regenerator, and outlet connects the firing chamber; The hot side-entrance of regenerator is connected with reformer, and outlet connects economizer, and the cold side import is connected with the mixing chamber of steam with high-pressure compressor, fuel gas, and outlet connects firing chamber, reformer respectively; Vaporizer institute calorific requirement is provided by solar thermal collector, and import links to each other with economizer, and outlet steam mixes with compression back fuel gas; The economizer heat side-entrance is connected with regenerator, and the cold side outlet connects vaporizer, and import links to each other with pump; Arranged inter cooler between compressed-air actuated low pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor.
The flow process of the chemical back heating circulatory system (SOLRGT) of solar energy of the present invention and fossil energy integrated complementary:
Water after the pressurization is sent into economizer and is heated to saturated aquosity under the reformation pressure, the vaporizer that enters solar heat collector to supply heat again is heated to be steam, with send into regenerator after fuel gas after the fuel pressure mechanism of qi compression mixes and further be heated, enter reformer generation heat absorption reaction subsequently, the synthetic gas of generation is sent into the firing chamber; Air is after the low pressure compressor compression, sending into inter cooler cools off, send into high-pressure compressor again and be compressed to Brayton circuit maximum pressure, sending into regenerator subsequently further is heated, send into the firing chamber at last, generate high-temperature fuel gas with the synthetic gas burning, send into combustion gas turbine expansion acting, realize power output.
The flow process of the chemical back heating circulatory system (SOLRGT) of described solar energy and fossil energy integrated complementary is characterized in that:
Flue gas is after the combustion gas turbine is discharged, and flow through successively from high to low reformer, regenerator, economizer of temperature carries out heat recovery; The water of reforming reaction earlier in economizer by flue gas heating to saturated aquosity, in the vaporizer of solar heat collector to supply heat, be heated to be steam again by middle low-temperature solar energy; Cold compression between air has adopted; The cold side of regenerator has been arranged the mixed gas of compression back fuel gas and water vapor, the two bursts of logistics of air after the compression.
The present invention directly provides reforming reaction heat (being that the direct heat chemistry is integrated) different with middle low-temperature solar energy, in the middle low-temperature solar energy grade that with methane is example promotes indirectly (Fig. 1), solar energy provides the latent heat of vaporization of the required steam of reforming reaction, thereby the internal steam work of being converted into, this is a hot integrating process; The steam that is produced and then and methane under higher temperature, carry out reforming reaction, solar thermal energy borrows the form of internal steam work to participate in reaction, is the synthetic gas chemical energy by the thermal chemical reaction indirect reformer.Can be considered the two-step method transfer process, realized that hot combination integrated and that thermochemistry transforms reaches the indirect lifting of middle low temperature solar thermal energy grade.As seen, this system has outstanding thermal performance, has saved fossil energy, more environmental protection.
Below in conjunction with respective drawings specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
Specific embodiment is referring to Fig. 2, and major component of the present invention is for being the chemical back heating circulatory system (SOLRGT) of the solar energy and the fossil energy integrated complementary of main cycle fluid with air.Wherein: the 1-low pressure compressor; The 2-inter cooler; The 3-high-pressure compressor; The 4-regenerator; The 5-firing chamber; The 6-combustion gas turbine; The 7-generator; The 8-reformer; 9-fuel pressure mechanism of qi; The 10-solar thermal collector; The 11-vaporizer; The 12-economizer; The 13-pump.
Be connected to known technology in the said system, the present invention is not described specifically at this.
System flow is described:
This system mainly comprises the chemical back heating circulatory system of solar energy and fossil energy integrated complementary.
Water after the pressurization (S7) is sent into economizer 12 and is heated to saturated aquosity (S8) under the reformation pressure, the vaporizer 11 that enters solar thermal collector 10 heat supplies again is heated to be steam (S9), mixes afterwards (S12) sends into regenerator 4 and further is heated with fuel gas (S11) after fuel pressure mechanism of qi 9 compression, enter reformer 8 subsequently heat absorption reaction (S13) takes place, the synthetic gas of generation (S14) is sent into firing chamber 5; Air is after low pressure compressor 1 compression (S2), send into inter cooler 2 and cool off (S3), send into high-pressure compressor 3 again and be compressed to Brayton circuit maximum pressure (S4), send into regenerator 4 subsequently and further be heated (S5), send into firing chamber 5 at last, generate high-temperature fuel gas (S15) with synthetic gas (S14) burning, send into combustion gas turbine 6 expansion actings, realize power output.Flue gas (S16) is after combustion gas turbine 6 is discharged, and flow through successively from high to low reformer 8, regenerator 4, economizer 12 of temperature carries out heat recovery (S17, S18, S19).
Specific embodiment sees Table 1 in the balance condition performance parameter.Main relevant condition is: under the systematic steady state operation conditions, and compressor efficiency 89%; Combustion chambers burn efficient 100%, crushing are 3%; Combustion gas turbine isentropic efficiency 88%, the hot side pressure of reformer decreases 2%, cold side crushing 10%, 20 ℃ of pinch-point temperature differences, 15 ℃ of exhaust heat boiler pinch-point temperature differences.
Specific embodiment cyclic balance operating mode thermodynamic performance is referring to table 2, table 2 (comprises 1308 ℃ of turbine initial temperature, pinch-point temperature difference and component capabilities etc.) simultaneously under identical assumed condition, to cold chemical back heating gas turbine (IC-CRGT) circulation between routine and SOLRGT circulation having carried out simulation contrast, as seen in the SOLRGT system, solar heat input share is 20.3%, and fossil energy saving rate can reach 23.3%.Solar thermal energy changes the effect rate only can reach 26.5%, far above conventional solar heat power generation system under the same temperature.The generated energy CO of unit
2Discharging is 342.7g/kWh, than low by 23.3% in the IC-CRGT system, and CO
2Emission reduction and fossil energy saving rate are consistent relatively, and this is because CO
2Discharge amount and fossil fuel consumption are directly proportional.It is pointed out that The above results is in the ideal case, also promptly obtains under the situation that the satisfied 220 ℃ of water evaporation of solar thermal energy temperature requires.If solar thermal energy does not reach the said temperature requirement, promote vapor pressure again to situations such as reforming reaction requirement pressure after needing to adopt afterburning or reducing evaporating temperature (pressure), evaporation, system effectiveness can corresponding reduction.
System compares with conventional chemical backheating gas turbine (CRGT), and low-temperature solar energy collecting apparatus during new system need set up can adopt the groove type heat collector that technology is ripe relatively, cost is lower.Groove type heat collector has good solar collecting performance in middle cryogenic applications, even at 100W/m
2Solar irradiance intensity under also can reach thermal efficiency more than 50%.Should be noted that the lifting of system effectiveness and solar heat commentaries on classics effect rate is directly related with the systematic economy property improvement; This external system is at CO
2Reduce discharging, reach the chemical back heating circulation originally in NO
xThe advantage of aspects such as discharging also is the factor that should consider when carrying out economic analysis.
Table 1: device Specifeca tion speeification of the present invention
Table 2: system's thermal performance data
In the table 2:
Because there are two kinds of different inputs of solar energy and fossil energy in system, therefore
Efficient is comparatively suitable interpretational criteria.Approximate think fuel
Approximate its low heat valve, the define system equivalent
Efficient is as follows:
T wherein
0Be ambient temperature.When solar heat input share is zero, above-mentioned equivalent
Efficient then equals system thermal efficiency.
Solar heat input share and its net heat photoelectric transformation efficiency (latter has considered the heat collector loss) are defined as:
Wherein, W
RefBe with reference system generated energy under the input of fossil fuel, W
Ref=Q
fη
E, refChoosing reference system herein is cold chemical back heating gas turbine (IC-CRGT) system between routine.Q
RadBe heat collector solar projection amount always, Q
Rad=Q
Sol/ η
Col, η
ColBe collector efficiency.
Fossil energy saving rate is for comparing the relative reduction of fossil energy in the SOLCRGT system with reference system under the output:
In the following formula, SR
fCan be regarded as the ratio that solar energy substitutes fossil energy, the fossil fuel amount that unit solar heat input is substituted can be expressed as:
Symbol in the aforementioned calculation formula is:
Claims (9)
1. the method that low temperature solar thermal energy grade promotes indirectly in a kind, low temperature solar thermal energy in the chemical back heating circulation, introducing, thereby provide steam raising latent heat to be converted into internal steam work, participate in reforming reaction by steam and be converted into the synthetic gas chemical energy, the realization grade promotes, and realizes the hot merit conversion at last in gas turbine engine systems.
2. device of realizing the described method of claim 1 mainly comprises:
Low pressure compressor: air is risen to certain pressure;
Inter cooler: the air that rises to certain pressure is cooled;
High-pressure compressor: air is boosted to Brayton circuit maximum pressure;
Fuel pressure mechanism of qi: the pressure that fuel gas is boosted to reforming reaction;
Pump: the pressure that fresh water is boosted to reforming reaction;
Regenerator: utilize the turbine exhaust that water vapor and the mixed gas of compression back fuel gas, the air after the compression are heated;
Reformer:, make fuel and water vapor under pressure, carry out chemical reforming reaction by the flue gas heat supply;
The firing chamber: synthetic gas and air generation combustion reaction obtain high-temperature gas;
Combustion gas turbine: high-temperature fuel gas expands and does work;
Generator: be connected with combustion gas turbine, combustion gas turbine produced mechanical work be converted into electric energy output;
Economizer: by the flue gas heat supply, the saturation state of heating freshet thigh to the reforming reaction pressure;
Vaporizer: utilize solar energy that the saturation water under the reforming reaction pressure is evaporated;
Solar thermal collector: collect solar energy;
Water after the pressurization is sent into economizer and is heated to saturated aquosity under the reformation pressure, the vaporizer that enters solar heat collector to supply heat again is heated to be steam, with send into regenerator after fuel gas after the fuel pressure mechanism of qi compression mixes and further be heated, enter reformer generation heat absorption reaction subsequently, the synthetic gas of generation is sent into the firing chamber; Air is after the low pressure compressor compression, sending into inter cooler cools off, send into high-pressure compressor again and be compressed to Brayton circuit maximum pressure, sending into regenerator subsequently further is heated, send into the firing chamber at last, generate high-temperature fuel gas with the synthetic gas burning, send into combustion gas turbine expansion acting, realize power output.
3. device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the hot side-entrance of reformer is the combustion gas turbine exhaust, and outlet connects regenerator, and the cold side import is connected with regenerator, and outlet connects the firing chamber.
4. device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the hot side-entrance of regenerator is connected with reformer, and outlet connects economizer, and the cold side import is connected with the mixing chamber of steam with high-pressure compressor, fuel gas, and outlet connects firing chamber, reformer respectively.
5. device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, vaporizer institute calorific requirement is provided by solar thermal collector, and import links to each other with economizer, and outlet steam mixes with compression back fuel gas.
6. device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the economizer heat side-entrance is connected with regenerator, and the cold side outlet connects vaporizer, and import links to each other with pump.
7. device as claimed in claim 2 wherein, has been arranged inter cooler between compressed-air actuated low pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor.
8. device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, cold compression between air has adopted.
9. device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the cold side of regenerator has been arranged the mixed gas of compression back fuel gas and water vapor, the two bursts of logistics of air after the compression.
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