CN1019952C - 喷雾装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种喷雾装置(1),它包括一个构成腔体(3)的壳体(2),腔体内装有要喷雾用的液体(4),壳体(2)有一个成为腔体前壁的多孔膜。振动装置(8)与壳体相连,用来振动多孔膜,使液体微滴通过多孔膜上的孔(25)喷射出去。壳体包括一个环形部件(11),它有一个与多孔膜相连的较薄的内环部分(68)和一个与振动装置相连的较厚的外环部分(66)。该装置适用于喷雾药品,成为一种供口腔吸入用的手持吸入器。
Description
本发明涉及用于喷射雾化液体的喷雾装置,尤其是用作医学上的喷雾器。
众所周知,为了得到细液滴流,可以振动一个后表面与液体相接触的多孔膜,使得在每个振动周期将液滴从膜上的孔中喷射出去。形成的液滴大小取决于孔的尺寸,从实用考虑,膜的厚度趋向于与孔的尺寸有同样的数量级。因此,迄今为止,实际上还未将这种产生喷雾的装置应用于医用吸入器(此处液滴的尺寸需小于10微米)那样的场合。
美国专利说明书US-4533082公开了一种喷雾装置,它包括一个构成腔体的壳体,该腔体内装有要喷雾用的一定量液体,该壳体有一个多孔膜,该膜成为该腔的前壁,并有一个在使用时与液体相接触的后表面,该装置还包括与壳体相连的振动装置,用来振动多孔膜,使液滴通过多孔膜喷射出来。
上述现有技术装置的缺点是它只能喷出比医用喷雾器特别是对吸入治疗所要求的液滴更大的液滴。这种装置不能比例缩小到产生足够小的液滴,因为这样要求相应的在高频下薄膜振动。在US
4533082的装置薄膜不能满足上述振动。因为在薄膜和振动装置中声阻失配。
本发明的目的是提供一种能由多孔振动膜产生医用喷雾器要求的细液滴的喷雾装置。
为实现本发明的目的,本发明提供了一种喷雾装置,它包括一个构成腔体的壳体,该壳体内装有要喷雾用的液体,该壳体有一个多孔膜,该膜成为该腔体的前壁,并有一个在使用时与液体接触的后表面,该装置还包括与壳体相连的振动装置,用来振动多孔膜,使液体微滴通过多孔膜喷射出来。按照本发明,所述壳体包括一个环形部件,该环形部件有一个与多孔膜相连接的较薄的内环部分和一个与振动装置相连接的较厚的外环部分。
为实现本发明的目的,还进一步通过以下措施来达到。
最好该环形部件包括一个以内环部分为边界、并由多孔膜复盖的中心孔,该环形部件的厚度沿径向朝内逐渐小。
所述环形部件后表面以一个随该部件半径而变化的倾角相汇聚,内环部分的倾角比外环部分的倾角小。
上述多孔膜最好包括一块板和一个支承该板的支承部件,该板上分布着许多在使用时让液体从其中喷射出去的孔,该支承部件是一个由支承件构成的栅格。
最好这些支承件与板成一整体,且成为该板较厚的部分。
这些支承部件最好包括几个沿圆周方向隔开的径向延伸支承
件,这些支承件与包围板中心部分的环形支承件相连。
最好,至少在多孔膜的前表面上有一层不沾液体的表面层。
上述振动装置最好包括一个与壳体可拆卸连接的振动发生器,从而使用时喷射完液体的壳体可以用另一个装有液体的壳体来替换。
最好,所述的多孔膜上排列着许多孔,每个孔在膜的后表面有一个喇叭形嘴,该孔的横断面沿着朝膜前表面的方向逐渐缩小。
最好,所述的多孔膜上有一个电沉积金属板。
本发明装置的优点在于:振动装置有较高的声阻抗,相比之下内环部分有较低的声阻抗,这样,在通过环形部件传递横向声波时,传递给多孔膜的振动振幅便被放大。因此,当以有利于产生较小液滴的较高频率来振动时,该装置可获得较高的效率。
现结合附图和实例来描述本发明的优选实施例。
图1是手持式雾化装置的剖面示意图;
图2是图1所示装置与电子控制单元相连时的剖面示意图;
图3是图1和图2所示装置的喷雾头的纵剖面图;
图4、5、6和7是其它可选用的喷雾头的纵剖面图;
图8是上述图中喷雾头所采用的多孔膜的后表面视图;
图9是图8的多孔膜中多孔板部分的纵剖面图;
图10是图8的多孔膜中多孔板部分的俯视图。
图1描述的雾化装置1是医学上使用的手持式吸入器。该装置1包括一个该构成腔体3的壳体2,腔体3内装有要雾化的液体4。
壳体2安装在内部装有电子控制电路6和电池7的手持套筒5上。一个压电式电声振动发生器8安装在壳体2上,由控制电路6提供能
量和进行控制。套口9可滑动地装在套筒5上,该套口9相对于套筒的运动操纵着一个开关10。
壳体2和振动发生器8的详细结构可以从图3看出。壳体包括一个具有中心孔12的圆盘11以及一个与圆盘相连、从而复盖住该中心孔的多孔膜13。比较合适的膜13的结构将在下文参照图8和图9加以描述。膜13上开有许多孔25,在图3中只示意地画出其中几个。圆盘11有一个平的前表面14和一个截圆锥形的后表面15,从而使该圆盘的厚度径向向内朝着多孔膜13的方向线性地变小。
圆盘11的外周边16有一个从该处向后伸出的管状部分17。
壳体2还包括一个与管状部分17相配的圆形底座18,于是在底座和圆盘11之间形成一个腔体3。底座18的前表面19有一个中央凹陷部分20,从而使腔体3在靠近膜13的区域成为最深的部分。
底座18在前表面19外周边处形成一个环状肋21,该环状肋21位于圆盘11内的环状槽22中,因而使腔体3得以密封。在管状部分17和底座18之间形成一个环形间隙29。
振动发生器8是一个圆环形压电元件,它被连接在管状部分17的后端23上。
振动发生器8是这样设置的;当给振动发生器8接上交流电时,振动发生器沿径向膨胀和收缩,把超声振动传递给管状部分17。后端23的厚度(沿振动发生器振动方向测量)要大大厚于圆盘11与膜13相接触处的厚度。圆盘11由于围绕环状肋21转动,将随着振动发生器径向向外运动而弯曲,使膜13轴向地朝底座18运动。振动发生器8径向收缩时,围绕肋21的转动引起圆盘的弯曲,使膜
13轴向地向离开底座18的方向运动。圆盘11超声频运动的特点是沿径向向内通过圆盘11的方向传递横向声波运动。圆盘11呈圆锥形的作用是使这种横向振动的振幅沿径向向内的方向逐渐增加,因而使膜13达到最大的轴向运动位移。振幅的增加与圆盘11沿径向朝内方向阻抗的降低相关联的。
雾化液体时,握持住装置1,使液体4与多孔膜13的后表面24相接触。在振动发生器8起振之前,由于在孔25上形成的液体表面一般具有足够大的表面张力来阻止液体外流,所以一般不会有液体通过膜13上的孔25流失。使用者在开始进行喷雾操作时,要先打开开关10,使振动发生器8接通电源,以超声频振动。该振动由圆盘11传送到多孔膜13。在振动膜13向后运动期间,膜附近液体的瞬时压力上升将会克服表面张力,使液体的微滴从孔25中喷出。
雾化液体的细雾通过膜13喷入套口9,并被使用者吸入。
图中所示的装置1处于进行口腔喷雾的正常取向位置,在该取向位置膜13大体上是垂直的。
连续进行喷射将会使腔体3中的液体用尽,这样,一旦没有液体与膜13的后表面24接触,最终会使喷射不再进行。底座18上的凹陷部分20可保证在靠近膜13的地方贮存大部分液体,这样一来,当腔体3内液体不足,不能再进行连续喷射时,液体的浪费量减至最小。
装置1可以借助于控制电路6内的定时器按程序输送预定剂量的雾化液体,控制电路6按预定的时间周期向振动发生器8提供能量。控制电路6可以利用图2中所述的电子控制单元26编制程序,该控制单元有一个用于输入数据的键盘27。
一旦液体4用尽或者消耗到不能再用的程度时,可将一个替换的、充满新液体的壳体2装到套筒5上。
为了易于更换,壳体2可设计成以滑动配合的方式进入振动发生器8的内部。
壳体2和振动发生器8一起构成一个喷雾头28。现在来描述图4中表示的另一个可选用的喷雾头30。其中,与前述图中相应的部件采用相同的部件标号。
喷雾头30有一个带环状凸缘31的底座18,该环状凸缘构成腔体3的侧壁。凸缘31有一个与圆盘11相连的唇边32,从而圆盘的外周边部分33从凸缘31径向向外伸出。
该喷雾头30的底座18包括一个径向伸出部分34,有一个压电型振动发生器8位于凸缘31的外侧,并与圆盘11的外周边部分33以及底座18的径向伸出部分34相接触。当振动发生器8与电源接通时,它产生轴向的膨胀和收缩运动,从而当控制电路6起动时,它使圆盘11的外周边部分33产生超声振动。
利用围绕唇边32的枢轴作用,将振动传递给多孔膜13。由于圆盘11的线性锥形收缩形状,径向向内通过圆盘11传递的超声横波被放大。
与膜13后表面相接触的液体4通过孔25以雾化的细雾方式喷射出去。
在图5中示出了另一种可供选用的喷雾头40,描述时与前述图中相同的部件采用相同的标号。
喷雾头40包括一个具有平的前表面14和碟形后表面41的圆盘11。后表面41的外形应使圆盘11的厚度沿径向向内的方向大
致以指数曲线的方式逐渐减小。圆盘11包括一个向后延伸的管状部分42,该管状部分42的内表面43光滑地过渡至后表面41。板44位于管状部分42的内部,成为腔体3的后壁。圆盘形压电振动发生器45连接在板44的中央,当电源接通时,该振动发生器45作径向膨胀和收缩。
使用时,使振动发生器45与电源接通,从而以超声频沿径向振动,该振动通过板44传递到管状部分42。横波运动沿轴向通过管状部分传播,并沿着一个大体与后表面41的曲线相近的弯曲途径把振动传给多孔膜13。振动的振幅随着圆盘11的厚度减小而逐渐放大。
当把充满新液体4的新壳体2装配到装置1上时,板44和振动发生器45可随圆盘11一起被重新更换。
图6给出另一种可供选用的喷雾头50,该喷雾头中与图5喷雾头相对应的部件采用相同的标号。
喷雾头50包括一个具有碟形后表面41和管状部分42的圆盘11。管状部分42的内表面43开有台阶,提供了一个安放板44、并与其相连的台肩51。板44支承一个位于其中央部位、径向振动膜片的圆盘形振动发生器45。
喷雾头50与图5的喷雾头40的不同之处在于:管状部分42的径向宽度比图5相应的管状部分薄,并且提供了一个台肩51来安放板44。
上述装置中膜13的厚度一般在1到80微米的范围内。孔25的大小一般在1到200微米的范围内,其大小取决于所需液体微滴的大小。然而,该装置特别适用于需要较小微滴的情况,使膜13的
厚度和孔25的尺寸均小于20微米。膜13可以具有均匀的或非均匀的孔25,取决于所需微滴尺寸的分布。
图7中描述了又一种可供选用的喷雾头60,其中,与前述图中相对应的部件采用相同的标号。
喷雾头60有一个由铝合金制成的圆盘11,该圆盘11有一个直径为22毫米、平的圆形前表面14。内径为10毫米的环形压电振动发生器8固定在圆盘前表面14的外周部分61,从而使其与圆盘11上直径为4毫米的圆形中心孔12相隔一定距离。
圆盘11的厚度沿径向向内逐渐减小,这样,圆盘11的后表面15具有一个倾斜的外环部分62和一个倾斜的内环部分63,按径向断面看,该外环部分62相对于前表面14来说具有20°的倾斜角,内环部分63相对于平的前表面14来说具有10°倾斜角。内环部分63与外环部分62相交在靠近振动发生器8的径向内缘65附近的圆形界面64处。因此,振动发生器8连接在圆盘较厚的外侧部分66。圆盘11较薄的内侧部分67上开有中心孔12。
多孔膜13复盖住中心孔12,并连接在内侧部分67的边缘区68上。在图8和图9中所示的多孔膜13包括一个镍板69,该镍板具有一个中心对称的、栅格形的整体支承部件70,如图8所示。
支承部件70为膜13上较厚的部分-支承件72、73和74,这些支承件形成一系列栅格孔71,这些栅格孔71使板69上相对应的部分暴露在外面。支承部件70有一个外环支承件72,它通过径向延伸的支承件74与内环支承件73相连,径向支承件74之间形成了栅格孔71。在内环支承件73内部形成一个中心栅格孔75,因而使板69的中心部分76得以暴露。膜13用电沉积
工艺制成,在此工艺中,将镍沉积在基板上选定的、用照相工艺标识出来的区域,然后再将所得到的板69从基板上取下。支承部件70的外环支承件72连接在圆盘11内侧部分67的边缘区68上,从而圆盘的振动通过支承部件传给板69。
采用目前普遍采用的表面处理工艺给膜13涂复一层不沾液体的涂层80,在这种工艺中,将聚四氟乙烯的超微颗粒掺混到含磷的镍质基体中,然后用自动催化的方法贴敷到板69和支承部件70的镍材料上。与镍共同沉积的少量含磷材料可增强制得表面层的抗腐蚀能力。
如图9和图10所示,板69上有许多规则排列的圆孔77,并有一个与支承部件70相连的前表面78。板69有一个通常与液体4相接触的后表面79,孔77是喇叭形的,即每个孔的横断面沿着从后表面79向着前表面78的方向逐渐变窄。
在板69上制成的孔77直径为3微米,孔与孔之间相隔25微米。当喷射含药品的水溶液时,所形成的微滴在5到7微米范围,这种微滴尺寸适于将雾化的药品送到病人的肺部。典型的流量在每秒10到20立方毫米的范围,该流量取决于驱动振动发生器8的功率和频率。
板69大约有1500个孔77,这些孔中只有一部分在使用中喷射微滴。喷射微滴的孔77集中分布在板上靠近厚的支承件72、73和74的区域以及其中心部分76。喷射微滴的孔77的数量还取决于膜13上产生的振动的振幅,典型的实例中,喷射微滴的孔的比例大约为10%。
形成微滴的尺寸主要取决于孔77的直径,因而,对不同的应用
必须采用具有不同孔径的板。
本发明的装置可用于喷射溶液或悬浮液的药品。药品通常要求水溶液中有保存剂(杀菌剂),例如氯化苄烷铵(商业名,杀藻铵),这种物质会减小制得溶液的表面张力。当喷射这种溶液时,尤其重要的是:要用不沾液体的涂层对板69进行处理,并且使板的外表面尽可能光滑,以减小溶液浸润该板外表面的趋势。一些可选用的不沾液体的涂料可以是硅烷、氟硅烷、微粉化的聚四氟乙烯微粒以及在现场涂复和加热进行敷形涂复的聚四氟乙烯。
控制电路6包括一个用来驱动振动发生器8的简单的振荡电路,其振荡频率通常在3千赫到1兆赫之间,根据振动发生器的谐振频率进行选择以得到最大的效率。振动发生器8的谐振频率应与圆盘11的谐振频率相匹配,以便使膜13达到最大的振动振幅。
含有液体4的腔体3是一个封闭腔体,在腔体内通常不包含有产生过压的装置。在上述实施例中通过膜13喷射雾化微滴只是利用膜的振动来实现的,而不是借助其它装置产生过压来实现的。
本发明装置中膜的振动不是靠液体4传递超声波来实现的,这样可避免产生与液体内的气蚀相关的问题。
该装置使用时在任何方向都能运行,只要腔体3内液面4的高度能使液体保持与多孔膜13的后表面79相接触。
该装置可以装上一个反映使用者通过套口吸入情况的传感器。控制电路也可以编上程序,仅在感知吸入开始后才进行喷雾。
该装置的控制电路还可以包括一个存储器和微信息处理机,用来监测累积的喷雾量,以及控制喷射的持续时间和各连续喷射之间的时间间隔。该装置可以再装一个目视指示器或声指示器,用来指示如上
次使用以来所经过的时间,对存留的液体将要耗尽发生警告,以及指示应进入下次喷射周期。
膜上的孔也可以采用非圆形截面的孔。膜还可以是不带支承部件的多孔板。对于装有支承部件的膜来说,该支承部件也可以不是中心对称的,例如可以是矩形栅格。
Claims (10)
1、喷雾装置(1),它包括一个构成腔体(3)的壳体(2),该腔体(3)内装有要喷雾用的液体(4),该壳体有一个多孔膜(13),该膜成为该腔体的前壁,并有一个在使用时与液体接触的后表面(24),该装置还包括与壳体相连的振动装置(8),用来振动多孔膜,使液体微滴通过多孔膜喷射出来,其特征在于:所述壳体包括一个环形部件(11),该环形部件有一个多孔膜相连接的较薄的内环部分(68)和一个与振动装置相连接的较厚的外环部分(66)。
2、按照权利要求1所述的喷雾装置,其特征在于:该环形部件包括一个以内环部分为边界、并由多孔膜复盖的中心孔(12),该环形部件(11)的厚度沿径向朝内逐渐减小。
3、按照权利要求2所述的喷雾装置,其特征在于:所述环形部件(11)的前、后表面(14、15)以一个随该部件半径而变化的倾角相汇聚,内环部分的倾角比外环部分的倾角小。
4、按照上述任何一项权利要求所述的喷雾装置,其特征在于:上述多孔膜包括一块板(69)和一个支承该板的支承部件(70),该板上分布着许多在使用时让液体从其中喷射出去的孔(25),该支承部件是一个由支承件(72,73,74)构成的栅格。
5、按照权利要求4所述的喷雾装置,其特征在于:这些支承件与板成一整体,且成为该板较厚的部分。
6、按照权利要求4所述的喷雾装置,其特征在于:这些支承部件包括几个沿圆周方向隔开的径向延伸支承件(74),这些支承件与包围板中心部分的形环支承件(73)相连。
7、按照权利要求1所述的喷雾装置,其特征在于:至少在多孔膜的前表面(78)上有一层不沾液体的表面层(80)。
8、按照权利要求1所述的喷雾装置,其特征在于:上述振动装置包括一个与壳体可拆卸连接的振动发生器,从而使用时喷射完液体的壳体可以用另一个装有液体的壳体来替换。
9、按照权利要求1所述的喷雾装置,其特征在于:所述的多孔膜上排列着许多孔(25),每个孔(25)在膜的后表面有一个喇叭形嘴,该孔的横断面沿着朝膜前表面的方向逐渐缩小。
10、按照权利要求1所述的喷雾装置,其特征在于:所述的多孔膜上有一个电沉积金属板。
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GB8928086 | 1989-12-12 | ||
GB898928086A GB8928086D0 (en) | 1989-12-12 | 1989-12-12 | Electroacoustic droplet production apparatus and method |
GB909017563A GB9017563D0 (en) | 1990-08-10 | 1990-08-10 | Dispensing apparatus |
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CN1054916A CN1054916A (zh) | 1991-10-02 |
CN1019952C true CN1019952C (zh) | 1993-03-03 |
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