CN101945490A - Software radio-based wireless communication system terminal equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses software radio-based wireless communication system terminal equipment, which consists of a physical layer processing module, an upper layer processing module and a universal interface module. A base band processing module of the physical layer processing module implements processing of base band and intermediate frequency of physical layer signals, and different radio-frequency transceiving modules are selected according to the configured different communication protocols and standards to implement transceiving of radio-frequency signals; the upper layer processing module realizes the functions of layers above a physical layer; and the universal interface module is used for connection between the physical layer processing module and the upper layer processing module, and realizes quick and efficient information transmission by adopting a standard bus structure so that the whole system runs smoothly and meets the real-time requirement. The software radio-based wireless communication system terminal equipment can be used for radio research and a commercial platform, can be used as a customized platform for researching radio communication algorithm and application, and also can be used as a universal commercial platform suitable for multiple communication protocols and standards.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the communication network technical field, more specifically say, relate to a kind of radio communication system terminal equipment based on software radio.
Background technology
No matter be analog radio or digital radio system, its structure is all towards special-purpose, and function is single relatively, structure is fixed, and because of the difference of working frequency range, modulation system, waveform configuration, communication protocol, coded system different.Especially mobile communication technology, its develop rapidly bring convenience for life in, multiple communication system has also appearred and deposit, phenomenon that various standard emerges in an endless stream.Based on hardware, towards the legacy wireless communication system terminal equipment of special-purpose this situation of incompatibility, the new traffic standard has limited the compatibility of legacy wireless communication system terminal equipment owing to radio frequency carrier frequency is different with modulation system, fund waste and overlapping investment have been caused, thereby influenced the sound development of mobile communication, so the legacy wireless communication system terminal equipment of this hardwareization can not satisfy the demand of the fast development of mobile communication technology.
Each module of existing radio communication system terminal equipment realizes that by special chip and special-purpose hardware circuit thereof its weak point is mostly:
1, function singleness: special chip only has single relatively function for reducing cost, can't compatible other system, such as, the base band signal processing chip of GSM can't be finished the base band signal process function of CDMA2000.
2. upgrading difficulty: along with the upgrading of communication system and communication protocol thereof, terminal equipment also needs to upgrade accordingly, but its hardware circuit by special use forms, and in new communication system, existing radio communication system terminal equipment can't continue use.
Existing radio communication system terminal equipment is generally realized by the hardware module of special use, with typical wireless communication system is example, system configuration mainly comprises: physical layer signal processing unit, second layer data link layer deals unit, three-layer network layer control unit.Each unit all is to realize that wherein physical layer processing unit comprises, radio frequency unit, D/A conversion unit, intermediate frequency unit and baseband processing unit with hardware module special-purpose, function singleness.
Below with regard to the transmitting-receiving process prescription physical layer system composition of physical layer and the function of each unit of physical layer.
According to the function of signal receiving unit, the physical layer receiving element comprises: radio frequency unit, and received RF signal, and be converted to analog if signal or baseband signal; Analog digital converting unit is converted to intermediate frequency or baseband digital signal with intermediate frequency or base-band analog signal; Intermediate frequency unit, the digital intermediate frequency signal that the analog to digital converter that is used to receive transmits, and be converted to baseband signal, finish the reduction of moving and finish sample rate of frequency by filtering extraction; Baseband processing unit receives baseband digital signal, finishes the follow-up processing of baseband signal, comprising: decoding, demodulation etc.
According to signal transmitter unit function, the physical layer transmitting element comprises: baseband signal processing unit is used for coding and modulation to the physical layer base-band data signal; The digital intermediate frequency unit is converted to intermediate-freuqncy signal with baseband signal, finishes the lifting of sample rate and moving of frequency; D/A conversion unit is converted to intermediate frequency or base-band analog signal with the digital signal of intermediate frequency or base band; The radio frequency sending module is used for the radio band that upconverts to of analog if signal, and launches radiofrequency signal by antenna.
The data link layer of the second layer be used for packet packing, unpack data re-transmission, data ciphering and deciphering.The second layer and the 3rd layer of available general CPU or special module are realized.
Because all deficiencies that existing wireless communication system-specific hardware module realizes, the software radio notion is just met the tendency and is striven.The central idea of software radio is: construct one and have opening, standardization, modular general module platform, various functions such as working frequency range, modulating/demodulating mode, data format, encryption mode and communication protocol are realized with software, and make wideband A/D transducer and D/A converter as far as possible near antenna, to realize high degree of flexibility and open new generation of wireless electric system.Software radio can by software provide multiple service, adapt to multiple standards, multiband multimode, restructural programmable radio system.Its advantage is that the user can be on same terminal equipment, method by the computer software configuration is switched the communication system that ustomer premises access equipment is supported flexibly, save the hardware cost expense, also transform for ustomer premises access equipment according to the upgrading transition of user's needs and communication system in time flexibly, quicken the updating speed of ustomer premises access equipment.
The characteristics of software radio:
1. the flexibility of function: desirable software radio is all programmable, comprise that programmable RF frequency band, programmable channel access module and programmable channel modulation mode etc. are to adapt to various criterion and environment, network service load and user's request.
2. the opening of structure: can be according to system realize modification with environment requirement to system.
3. the centrality of cost: the hardware input of primary development, shortened the construction cycle, reduced investment risk, improved economic benefit.
In the prior art, be that CN 10169740A, name are called " a kind of wireless communication customer premises equipment based on software radio " and disclose a kind of radio communication system terminal equipment based on software radio, comprise as on 04 21st, 2010 announcements, publication No.:
General purpose hardware unit, it realizes radio frequency reception and emission, analog digital conversion and the digital-to-analogue conversion of the physical layer element of this wireless communication customer premises equipment;
All-purpose computer, it realizes that the digital baseband signal of wireless communication customer premises equipment physical layer element receives and send processing, and second layer data processing and the 3rd layer of controlled function, also realize control and configuration simultaneously, make described general purpose hardware unit work in the wireless communication system of appointment described general purpose hardware unit;
The common hardware interface, it realizes being connected between described all-purpose computer and the described general purpose hardware unit, makes digital baseband signal and other control signal transmit mutually between all-purpose computer and general purpose hardware unit.
From above-mentioned existing radio communication system terminal equipment based on software radio, the major function of radio communication system terminal equipment, the digital baseband signal that is the wireless communication customer premises equipment physical layer element receives and sends processing, and second layer data processing and the 3rd layer of controlled function, also realize control and configuration simultaneously to described general purpose hardware unit, make described general purpose hardware unit work in the wireless communication system of appointment, all handle, and only the radio frequency of the physical layer element of small part is received and emission with all-purpose computer, analog digital conversion and digital-to-analogue conversion are given general purpose hardware unit and are realized.This radio communication system terminal equipment can be worked in the various wireless communication system (switching), but this employing all-purpose computer is handled the technical scheme of most of function of radio communication system terminal equipment, does not have practicality.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of practical communication system terminal unit that is suitable for based on software radio.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is based on the communication system terminal unit of software radio, it is characterized in that, this terminal equipment is made up of physical layer process module, upper strata processing module and common interface module;
The physical layer process module comprises general baseband processing module, general ADC and DAC module and overlaps radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module more; Baseband processing module is realized the base band of physical layer signal and the processing of intermediate frequency: the last down-conversion of intermediate frequency, the coding of up-sampling and down-sampling and base band, modulation, decoding and rectification; Radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module, different communication protocol and standard according to configuration, select different radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module, to realize the transmitting-receiving of radiofrequency signal, radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module receives the radiofrequency signal and the down-conversion output analog if signal that receive from antenna and is up-converted into radiofrequency signal to general ADC module input with the analog if signal of DAC module output, and launches by antenna; General ADC and DAC module are used for different agreements and standard and finish the digital signal of intermediate frequency or base band and the conversion between intermediate frequency or the base-band analog signal;
The function of the layer that upper strata processing modules implement physical layer is above;
Common interface module is used for the connection between physical layer process module, the upper strata processing module, adopts standard bus structure, to realize fast and the high-efficiency information transmission, makes the whole system operation smooth, satisfies the requirement of real-time.
Goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved in that
The communication system terminal unit that the present invention is based on software radio can be used for wireless research and commercial platform, can be used as the customization platform of the research advanced wireless communication of algorithms and application, also can be used as the general commercial platform that is applicable to various communications protocols and standard.The invention provides powerful for radio communication research, alternative configuration and extendible platform.Powerful being meant because the powerful operation capacity of general baseband processing module and upper strata processing module; Can select configuration property is the redefining property of the port of the common interface module of terminal equipment and general baseband processing module and upper strata processing module, can expand in the application demand to future.Extensibility represents when the disposal ability of general baseband processing module and upper strata processing module can not be applicable to complication system, can or directly expand to more senior processor according to the extra processor of the increase in demand of institute's configuration-system.
The communication system terminal unit that the present invention is based on software radio provides design tool and has satisfied requirement in the research of all layers of wireless communication system, can satisfy the designer in any one deck of concentrating in the research wireless communication system, and not spend operation principle and the application requirements of considering other layers.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment theory diagram that the present invention is based on the communication system terminal unit of software radio;
Fig. 2 is the another kind of embodiment schematic diagram that the present invention is based on the communication system terminal unit of software radio;
Fig. 3 is a concrete application example theory diagram of communication system terminal unit based on software radio shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, so that those skilled in the art understands the present invention better.What need point out especially is that in the following description, when perhaps the detailed description of known function and design can desalinate main contents of the present invention, these were described in here and will be left in the basket.
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment theory diagram that the present invention is based on the communication system terminal unit of software radio.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the communication system terminal unit based on software radio of the present invention is made up of physical layer process module 1, upper strata processing module 2 and common interface module 3.
Physical layer process module 1 comprises general baseband processing module 101, general ADC module 102 and universal DA C module 103 and overlaps radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module 104 more.
Radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module 104 is selected different radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module 1～n according to the different communication protocol and the standard of configuration, to realize the transmitting-receiving of radiofrequency signal.Radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module 104 receptions are passed to general ADC module input from radiofrequency signal and down-conversion output analog if signal that antenna receives by common interface module, simultaneously, DAC module output is up-converted into radiofrequency signal by the analog if signal that common interface module transmits, and launches by antenna.
Upper strata processing module 2 realizes the function of the layer that physical layer is above;
Fig. 2 is the another kind of embodiment schematic diagram that the present invention is based on the communication system terminal unit of software radio.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, general baseband processing module 101 is a slice high-performance FPGA.In the present invention, general baseband processing module must provide a kind of alternative processor resource to satisfy the increase of wireless communication system to operand, wireless communication system requires the computing of a large amount of Digital Signal Processing, along with wireless communication system to operand require increasing, radio honeycomb communication system particularly, after the 3G system, general DSP can not satisfy the requirement of communication system to operand, enough disposal abilities can't be provided, can't guarantee the real-time processing of communicating by letter.So, selected high-performance FPGA as baseband processing module.
FPGA provide numerous can be by the functional module of complicated program interconnected parallel processing resource and programmable logic block.The computing of the parallel Digital Signal Processing that FPGA also is particularly suitable for concentrating, as the processing of digital front end, require high-throughput as operations such as filters.These operations can realize improving performance with parallel organization.Concurrency is the key factor that the FPGA performance surpasses powerful DSP.The programmability of FPGA is that the programmability of software radio is embodied as for possibility, that the chip of the FPGA of this invention is selected is xilinx virtex-5XC5VFX130T, be encapsulated as FFG1136, this serial FPGA is fit to do the intensive computing of the Digital Signal Processing that wireless algorithm research requires very much, provide typical operation multiplier in the special Digital Signal Processing as FPGA, efficient and multiplying fast are provided; And FPGA also provides flexibly connectivity option fast for connecting between peripheral hardware and the multiprocessor, and this serial FPGA comprises the nuclear of Embedded PowerPC processor, and the resource more better than general processor is provided aspect programming in logic.
For upper strata processing module 2, the present invention adopts the dsp chip of the TMS320C6455BZTZ2 of TI to realize, finishes the agreement on upper strata, realizes the protocol stack of MAC layer and network layer, realizes programming and modification to upper-layer protocol with the c language.Because this dsp chip powerful operation capacity makes it can realize complicated agreement.Another program is exactly to utilize the POWER PC of FPGA to cooperate to finish the realization of upper-layer protocol with DSP, and with the redirect of POWER PC control protocol, DSP does some computings about Digital Signal Processing.
Radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module 104, this is the unique module that can not realize with software of this platform, because the restriction of technology and technology also can't realize the able to programme of radio frequency now.Because the full frequency band antenna is also at the experimental stage, can't be commercial, so radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module 104 is to have disposed the radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module of many covers according to the frequency range of radio frequency, and according to agreement that is disposed and the corresponding radio-frequency module of Standard Selection use.Radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module 104 comprises one or more sets radio-frequency modules, and many cover radio-frequency modules are arranged in pairs or groups, and can cover the full frequency band of wireless communication system.Because radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module 104 can't programmatic present stage, so radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module 104 can only realize the fixing hardware radio-frequency module of many covers and realize, connecting the fixing hardware radio-frequency module of many covers on the platform simultaneously, allow combining of each radio-frequency module can realize all standing of existing communication system commonly used as far as possible, when the frequency range of concrete system protocol of configuration and standard, can be according to selected system protocol and standard, with the programmability of FPGA module or DSP module activate some or certain several wireless radio frequency modules to realize the radio frequency configurability of system.When a cover radio-frequency module is only arranged, realize that if desired radio frequency sends receiving function, radio-frequency module can be configured to work in semiduplex mode, promptly receive and do not send and carry out simultaneously, its advantage is multiplexing for radio-frequency module, has saved hardware cost under the prerequisite of not losing QoS of customer; When two cover radio-frequency modules existed, ustomer premises access equipment can be configured to work in the pattern of full duplex, reached to receive and send to carry out simultaneously; As existing more than a cover radio-frequency module is that ustomer premises access equipment is configured to a kind of of a plurality of frequencies and various wireless communication system works.
Developing instrument: during for the design of physical layer and exploitation, this platform is supported the exploitation of different levels, low level development promptly supporting the register transfer level (RTL level) of hardware description languages such as VHDL/verilog HDL aspect the FPGA exploitation has the modeling of back-up system level MATLAB.The SystemGenerator of Xilinx is a system-level modeling instrument that is integrated into MATLAB, and it is provided at system's programming that the kit that uses xilinx among the MATLAB/Simulink is realized High Performance DSP.And support hardware association's emulation (hardware co-simulink) of Simulink to carry out the emulation and the debugging of hardware.
During for the design of MAC layer and network layer and exploitation, all support the exploitation programming of C language among the PowerPC in DSP and FPGA, can realize MAC framework flexibly; Perhaps in xilinx " Platform Studio " instrument is the integrated development environment that a physical layer and MAC layer are used, so we also can select this platform to develop the MAC layer.
Example
Fig. 3 is a concrete application example theory diagram of communication system terminal unit based on software radio shown in Figure 2;
In this example, as shown in Figure 3, be configured to an OFDM-MIMO communication system terminal unit based on the communication system terminal unit of software radio.The high performance FPGA module of general baseband processing module 101 usefulness realizes the processing of the baseband signal and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of physical layer, processing module 2 usefulness DSP modules in upper strata realize upper-layer protocol, the conversion that general ADC module 102 and universal DA C module 103 realize between digital signal and the analog signal, the radio-frequency transmissions receiver module of customization is realized the reception of radiofrequency signal.Wherein, the baseband signal that FPGA realizes and the processing of intermediate-freuqncy signal, functional module wherein comprise transmitting terminal CRC calculating, chnnel coding, interweave, CRC check, decoding, deinterleaving, descrambling, demodulation, MIMO demodulation, the OFDM resource of the upconversion process of scrambler, modulation, MIMO precoding, the mapping of OFDM subcarrier, antenna port modulation, IFFT, intermediate-freuqncy signal and receiving terminal are separated mapping, antenna port is separated mapping, channel estimating and OFDM demodulation, intermediate frequency down-converted.What the DSP module realized is the above upper-layer protocol of physical layer, wherein mainly comprises network layer and data link layer, and data link layer is divided into LLC layer and mac-layer protocol again, and mac-layer protocol is particularly important.Digital to analog converter and analog to digital converter are realized the conversion between digital medium-frequency signal and the analog if signal.Owing to be mimo system, native system need use many cover wireless radio frequency modules.Programmability with FPGA module or DSP module is being selected the needed a few cover radio-frequency modules of OFDM-MIMO system, principle by similar electronic switch activates the needed module of OFDM-MIMO system in all radio-frequency modules that connect, realize the programmability of radio frequency.
Although above the illustrative embodiment of the present invention is described; so that the technical staff of present technique neck understands the present invention; but should be clear; the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment; to those skilled in the art; as long as various variations appended claim limit and the spirit and scope of the present invention determined in, these variations are conspicuous, all utilize innovation and creation that the present invention conceives all at the row of protection.
Claims (2)
1. the communication system terminal unit based on software radio is characterized in that, this terminal equipment is made up of physical layer process module, upper strata processing module and common interface module;
The physical layer process module comprises general baseband processing module, general ADC and DAC module and overlaps radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module more; Baseband processing module is realized the base band of physical layer signal and the processing of intermediate frequency: the last down-conversion of intermediate frequency, the coding of up-sampling and down-sampling and base band, modulation, decoding and rectification; Radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module, different communication protocol and standard according to configuration, select different radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module, to realize the transmitting-receiving of radiofrequency signal, radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module receives the radiofrequency signal and the down-conversion output analog if signal that receive from antenna and is up-converted into radiofrequency signal to general ADC module input with the analog if signal of DAC module output, and launches by antenna; General ADC and DAC module are used for different agreements and standard and finish the digital signal of intermediate frequency or base band and the conversion between intermediate frequency or the base-band analog signal;
The function of the layer that upper strata processing modules implement physical layer is above;
Common interface module is used for the connection between physical layer process module, the upper strata processing module, adopts standard bus structure, to realize fast and the high-efficiency information transmission, makes the whole system operation smooth, satisfies the requirement of real-time.
2. the communication system terminal unit based on software radio according to claim 1 is characterized in that, it is the high-performance FPGA of xilinx virtex-5XC5VFX130T that described general baseband processing module adopts model; The upper strata processing module adopts the dsp chip of the TMS320C6455BZTZ2 of TI to realize, finishes the agreement on upper strata, realizes the protocol stack of MAC layer and network layer, simultaneously, realizes programming and modification to upper-layer protocol with the c language.
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