CN101717289B - Method for producing Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium compound fertilizer by ammonia and acid tubular reactor - Google Patents
Method for producing Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium compound fertilizer by ammonia and acid tubular reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101717289B CN101717289B CN2009102288845A CN200910228884A CN101717289B CN 101717289 B CN101717289 B CN 101717289B CN 2009102288845 A CN2009102288845 A CN 2009102288845A CN 200910228884 A CN200910228884 A CN 200910228884A CN 101717289 B CN101717289 B CN 101717289B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium compound fertilizer by using an ammonia and acid tubular reactor. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing an ammonium sulfate solution at 180-220 DEG C by concentrated sulfuric acid, ammonia and water; controlling the reaction heat of ammonia and acid by the addition amount of the water; spraying in a granulator to granulate with other base fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; drying; cooling; screening; and filming to obtain a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. The reaction heat of the ammonia and the acid is fully utilized, the ammonium sulfate solution generated by the reaction is in liquid phase and viscosity, the balling rate is high, the moisture of granulation materials is obviously reduced, the drying load is lowered, the production need can be satisfied by changing two-section drying into one-section drying, and the equipment investment and great energy consumption are saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite fertilizer producing process, be specifically related to a kind ofly to add in the granulating method production technique that industrial chemicals sulfuric acid is nitrogenous with ammonia granulation making, the method for the three elements complex fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium.
Background technology
At present, along with modern agricultural development, the development of composite fertilizer is both at home and abroad occupied an leading position in chemical fertilizer industry, and in chemical fertilizer industry developed country, the composite fertilizer consumption has accounted for 70%～80% of fertilizer amount.Composite fertilizer mainly is the base fertilizer with nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium; Like urea, ammonium chloride, phosphorus ammonium, Repone K etc. after mixing; In tablets press, under certain temperature and amount of liquid phase, rely on the bounding force of self or add an amount of tackiness agent; The reunion granulating is processed compound fertilizer product through dry, cooling, screening again.
Compound fertilizer production method mainly contains granulating method, spray granulating method, extrusion process and blending method etc., and they all are to belong to that base fertilizer carries out secondary processing and the content processed has the composite fertilizer of multiple elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
As shown in Figure 1; The method that prior art utilizes granulating method to produce NPK may further comprise the steps: raw material such as Repone K, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, urea etc. are got into rotary drum granulator behind computer metering, simultaneously urea melting or steam evenly are sprayed on the material in the rotary drum granulator, after the physical mixed granulation; Get into one section drying system, two sections drying systems successively; Oven dry is passed through and is returned rotary drum granulator after the material that sieves is pulverized after cooling system gets into screening, passes through screen sections and gets into packing machine; Prevent the caking processing, after feed bin stores, pack.
Above-mentioned granulating method production technology is the widely used working method of China, and this method production process is simple, and operation is easy to grasp; Make material institute water requirement height but exist, need to add a large amount of steaming G&Ws, because the water cut of material is high; Increase the subsequent drying load, be up to state standards for guaranteeing product moisture, manufacturing enterprise adopts the mode of production of two sections oven dry mostly; Promptly increased the input of equipment; Increased the usage quantity of the energy again, and the granule strength of product is low, product strength is between 8N-12N.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide new production process based on the production NPK of granulating method.Present method has overcome the shortcoming that product energy consumption is high, product appearance is coarse, balling ratio is low, product cost is high that traditional granulating method makes, and reduces cost to greatest extent, has improved quality product to greatest extent.Through adding industrial chemicals sulfuric acid and ammonia aborning; The sulfate of ammoniac solution that utilizes its reaction generation is as the required amount of liquid phase of granulating; Change traditional way and need add the way of a large amount of steaming G&Ws, and make full use of propylhomoserin reaction heat and change two sections drying modes into one section drying mode as the granulating amount of liquid phase.
Another object of the present invention is through adding sulfuric acid and ammonia, making full use of its chemical reaction heat and reduce product moisture, so that the compound manure of processing has higher intensity.
Further purpose of the present invention is that the tail gas to production process carries out carrying out washing treatment, and washing water are utilized again, is used for accomplishing diluting concentrated sulfuric acid.So that waste gas, wastewater zero discharge in composite fertilizer's production process make more friendly environment of composite fertilizer's production process.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above; The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the method for a gynaminic acid tubular reactor produced NPK; The vitriol oil, ammonia, water processed 180-220 ℃ ammoniumsulphate soln; Through water add-on control propylhomoserin reaction heat, be injected to the powdery base fertilizer granulation of nitrogenous in the tablets press, phosphorus, potassium with other, granulation is after drying, cooling, screening, coating obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, K compound fertilizer.
Specifically, the method for described propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK may further comprise the steps:
(1), in granulating method composite fertilizer produces; The vitriol oil is joined in the tubular reactor by the mass percent 3%-5% that accounts for total input material quantity through the sulfuric acid pump; Add water again and in tubular reactor, dilute the vitriol oil; Dilution back vitriolic mass percent concentration is 50%-70%, joins in the tubular reactor after by the mass percent 2.5%-4% that accounts for total input material quantity liquefied ammonia being gasified then, and ammonia, acid-respons temperature are controlled at 180-220 ℃;
(2), other is nitrogenous, the powdery base fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium gets into rotary drum granulator behind computer metering; With in rotary drum granulator, accomplish granulation process from the ammoniumsulphate soln in the tubular reactor; The a large amount of heats that utilize propylhomoserin when tubular reactor reacts, to produce in the granulation process add thermal material; The ammoniumsulphate soln that utilizes the reaction generation simultaneously is as the required amount of liquid phase of granulating, and temperature of charge is controlled at 60-70 ℃, granulation time 3～7min in the rotary drum granulator;
(3), after the granulation, material gets into dryer, the dryer temperature is controlled at 85-100 ℃, drying time 20～40min;
(4), after the oven dry, material gets into the cooling system cooling, sieves through dusting cover screening and scalping respectively after the cooling; The macrobead of pulverulent material behind the dusting cover after scalping returns tablets press through fragmentation; Salable product get into packing machine, prevent the caking processing, after feed bin stores, pack.
The water that step (1) adds is the washing water that the wash reel tablets press is discharged tail gas.
Between the sieve diameter 2.0-3.0mm of dusting cover screening, between the sieve diameter 4.0-4.5mm of scalping screening.
Said other is nitrogenous, the powdery base fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium is several kinds of mixtures in urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, normal superphosphate, double superhosphate, Repone K, the vitriolate of tartar, and the base fertilizer kind of adding and add-on need be looked nutrient, the moisture of the finished product and confirmed.
Said urea add-on surpasses 15% of input amount total amount quality, then needs broken back to add.
The method of propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK of the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1, making full use of the sulfate of ammoniac solution that ammonia, acid-respons heat and reaction generate is amount of liquid phase and viscosity; Balling ratio is high, and the granulation material moisture obviously reduces, and reduces drying load; Can change two sections oven dry into one section oven dry and just can satisfy the production needs, save facility investment and mass energy consumption.
2, adaptability to raw material of the present invention is strong, and formula for a product adjustment is produced numerous in varietyly flexibly, is more suitable for fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, meets country and widelys popularize the industry policy of surveying soil prescription fertilizer.
3, compound fertilizer product of the present invention: the smooth rounding of particle, color is pure white, and intensity is high, prevented from caking, anti-storage.
4, in the production process through tail gas is carried out carrying out washing treatment, and utilize washing water to accomplish diluting concentrated sulfuric acid.Really accomplished waste gas, wastewater zero discharge in composite fertilizer's production process, made more friendly environment of composite fertilizer's production process.
Need not to add again any sticker when 5, producing and just can reach good balling-up situation, realize no stopping composition granulation, reduce production costs.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that prior art utilizes granulating method to produce the method flow diagram of NPK.
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram of propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is done further explain:
The method of propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK of the present invention; The vitriol oil, ammonia, water processed 180-220 ℃ ammoniumsulphate soln; Through water add-on control propylhomoserin reaction heat; Be injected to the powdery base fertilizer granulation of nitrogenous with other in the tablets press, phosphorus, potassium, granulation is after drying, cooling, screening, coating obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, K compound fertilizer.
Specifically, the method for described propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK may further comprise the steps:
(1), in granulating method composite fertilizer produces; The vitriol oil is joined in the tubular reactor by the mass percent 3%-5% that accounts for total input material quantity through the sulfuric acid pump; Add water again and in tubular reactor, dilute the vitriol oil; Dilution back vitriolic mass percent concentration is 50%-70%, joins in the tubular reactor after by the mass percent 2.5%-4% that accounts for total input material quantity liquefied ammonia being gasified then, and ammonia, acid-respons temperature are controlled at 180-220 ℃;
(2), other is nitrogenous, the powdery base fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium gets into rotary drum granulator behind computer metering; With in rotary drum granulator, accomplish granulation process from the ammoniumsulphate soln in the tubular reactor; The a large amount of heats that utilize propylhomoserin when tubular reactor reacts, to produce in the granulation process add thermal material; The ammoniumsulphate soln that utilizes the reaction generation simultaneously is as the required amount of liquid phase of granulating, and temperature of charge is controlled at 60-70 ℃, granulation time 3～7min in the rotary drum granulator;
(3), after the granulation, material gets into dryer, the dryer temperature is controlled at 85-100 ℃, drying time 20～40min;
(4), after the oven dry, material gets into the cooling system cooling, sieves through dusting cover screening and scalping respectively after the cooling; The macrobead of pulverulent material behind the dusting cover after scalping returns tablets press through fragmentation; Salable product get into packing machine, prevent the caking processing, after feed bin stores, pack.
The water that step (1) adds is the washing water that the wash reel tablets press is discharged tail gas.
Between the sieve diameter 2.0-3.0mm of dusting cover screening, between the sieve diameter 4.0-4.5mm of scalping screening.
Said other is nitrogenous, the powdery base fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium is several kinds of mixtures in urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, normal superphosphate, double superhosphate, Repone K, the vitriolate of tartar, and the base fertilizer kind of adding and add-on need be looked nutrient, the moisture of the finished product and confirmed.
Said urea add-on surpasses 15% of input amount total amount quality, then needs broken back to add.
Principle of the present invention is: the ammoniumsulphate soln and the reaction heat thereof that utilize the chemistry of sulfuric acid, ammonia to generate, directly be sprayed onto powdered fertilizer surfaces such as nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium through tubular reactor, and under higher temperature, reunion granulating under the effect of rotary drum granulator.
2NH
3+ H
2SO
4=(NH
4)
2SO
4+ heat
During composite fertilizer produces, the product of different ingredients, the required amount of liquid phase of its granulating is different, and the solubleness of various raw materials is to increase along with the rising of temperature, utilizes propylhomoserin reaction heat to improve the solubleness of other raw material, this has also increased the required amount of liquid phase of granulating.But also can increase amount of liquid phase and reaction heat according to different formula adjustment ammonia, sour usage quantity.Like this, can adopt cryodrying on the technology or not have drying process, thereby significantly reduce drying load.Utilize reaction to generate the viscosity (viscosity that obviously is better than water) of ammoniumsulphate soln simultaneously, need not to add again any sticker and just can reach good balling-up situation.
The method of propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK of the present invention, described raw material are urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, normal superphosphate, double superhosphate, Repone K, vitriolate of tartar etc.The nutrient that base fertilizer kind that adds and add-on need be looked the finished product, moisture are confirmed.Produce high nitrogen product if the urea add-on surpasses 15% of input amount quality, then need broken back to add.
The method of propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK of the present invention, the state that said base fertilizer gets into tablets press is a solid, has so just reduced production processes such as urea melting.
Because fertilizer uses changes of seasons, the compound manure waiting time is longer, therefore can produce efflorescence.Through analyzing a material atomizing reason is exactly that product strength is low; Moisture is high, adopts the product of the method production of propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK of the present invention, and product particle intensity can reach more than the 20N; Therefore moisture≤1.5% does not exist particle atomizing problem.
The method of propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK of the present invention; Owing to made full use of propylhomoserin reaction heat; The dryer temperature is controlled at 85-100 ℃ just can guarantee ordinary production; Even add more urea, can not produce because a large amount of liquid phases that the material melting brings can not influence the subsequent drying operation yet.And traditional granulating method production technique is owing to add a large amount of steaming G&Ws, and the dryer temperature need be controlled at 150-200 ℃, like this can be because the urea melting produce a large amount of liquid phases, and influence production is normally carried out when serious.
In addition, because the compound manure water absorbability is stronger, be prone to caking when depositing.In order to prevent caking, need carry out anti-caking to the fertilizer after the screening and handle.Can apply powder, coating handles.
Through instance the present invention is done further elaboration below:
Embodiment 1:15-15-15 conventional products
Concentration is 98% the vitriol oil (mass percent; 50 kilograms down together), squeeze into tubular reactor with pump after metering, washing water join tubular reactor after metering and accomplish the dilution to the vitriol oil; Dilution back vitriolic mass percent concentration is 50%; 30 kilograms of gas ammonias (containing N 82.3%) join tubular reactor after metering, and ammonia, acid-respons temperature are controlled at 180 ℃.Simultaneously add ammonium chloride (containing N23.5) 358 kilograms through computer metering, powdery monoammonium phosphate (contains N 11%, P
2O
545%) 340 kilograms, Repone K (contains K
2O 60%) 255 kilograms, above-mentioned pulverulent material mixes in tablets press with the ammoniumsulphate soln of tubular reactor ejection, and temperature of charge is controlled at 60 ℃ in the rotary drum granulator; After the 3min granulation, get into drying machine, drying machine inlet gas temperature is 95 ℃; Dry 20 minutes, cool off after the drying, sieve through screening of sieve diameter 2.0-3.0mm dusting cover and sieve diameter 4.0-4.5mm scalping respectively after the cooling; The macrobead of pulverulent material behind the dusting cover after scalping returns tablets press through fragmentation, and salable product get into packing machine, prevents the caking processing; Coating, packing obtains the compound manure that granularity is 2-4.5mm.Product is moisture 1.3%, and intensity 25N contains N-P
2O
5--K
2O is 14.6-15.3-15.3, and particle is smooth, rounding, pure white.
The high nitrogen product of embodiment 2:25-10-5
Concentration is 98% the vitriol oil (weight percent; 35 kilograms down together), squeeze into tubular reactor with pump after metering, 30 kilograms of gas ammonias (containing N 82.3%); Join tubular reactor after metering; Washing water join tubular reactor after metering and accomplish the dilution to the vitriol oil, and dilution back vitriolic mass percent concentration is 60%, and ammonia, acid-respons temperature are controlled at 200 ℃.Simultaneously add ammonium chloride (containing N 23.5) 400 kilograms through computer metering, through 235 kilograms in broken urea (containing N 46.2), powdery monoammonium phosphate (contains N 11%, P
2O
545%) 225 kilograms, Repone K (contains K
2O 60%) 85 kilograms, above-mentioned pulverulent material mixes in tablets press with the ammoniumsulphate soln of tubular reactor ejection, and temperature of charge is controlled at 65 ℃ in the rotary drum granulator; Through after about 5min granulation, get into drying machine, drying machine inlet gas temperature is 85 ℃; Dry 30 minutes, cool off after the drying, sieve through screening of sieve diameter 2.0-3.0mm dusting cover and sieve diameter 4.0-4.5mm scalping respectively after the cooling; The macrobead of pulverulent material behind the dusting cover after scalping returns tablets press through fragmentation, and salable product get into packing machine, prevents the caking processing; Coating, packing obtains the compound manure that granularity is 2-4.5mm.Product is moisture 1.0%, and intensity 27N contains N-P
2O
5--K
2O is 25.2-10.1-5.1, and particle is smooth, rounding, pure white.
Embodiment 3:13-23-12 high-phosphorus products
Concentration is 98% the vitriol oil (weight percent; 40 kilograms down together), squeeze into tubular reactor with pump after metering, 30 kilograms of gas ammonias (containing N 82.3%); Join tubular reactor after metering; Washing water join tubular reactor after metering and accomplish the dilution to the vitriol oil, and dilution back vitriolic mass percent concentration is 70%, and ammonia, acid-respons temperature are controlled at 220 ℃.Simultaneously add ammonium chloride (containing N22.8) 185 kilograms through computer metering, 20 kilograms in urea (containing N 46.2), powdery monoammonium phosphate (contains N 11%, P
2O
545%) 510 kilograms, Repone K (contains K
2O 55%) 220 kilograms, above-mentioned pulverulent material mixes in tablets press with the ammoniumsulphate soln of tubular reactor ejection, and temperature of charge is controlled at 70 ℃ in the rotary drum granulator; Through after about 7min granulation, get into drying machine, drying machine inlet gas temperature is 95 ℃; Dry 40 minutes, cool off after the drying, sieve through screening of sieve diameter 2.0-3.0mm dusting cover and sieve diameter 4.0-4.5mm scalping respectively after the cooling; The macrobead of pulverulent material behind the dusting cover after scalping returns tablets press through fragmentation, and salable product get into packing machine, prevents the caking processing; Coating, packing obtains the compound manure that granularity is 2-4.5mm.Product is moisture 1.4%, and intensity 23N contains N-P
2O
5--K
2O is 13.2-23-12.1, and particle is smooth, rounding, pure white.
The granulation of propylhomoserin tubular reactor method then is to introduce industrial chemicals sulfuric acid and liquefied ammonia; Make full use of a large amount of heats that propylhomoserin produces and add thermal material when tubular reactor reacts; The ammoniumsulphate soln that utilizes the reaction generation simultaneously is as the required amount of liquid phase of granulating; The fertilizer processing and fabricating compound manure that contains elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium with other is a chemical reaction granulating technology.The granulation balling ratio of propylhomoserin technology can reach 70-90%, and common process has only 40-60%.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; Can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a gynaminic acid tubular reactor produced NPK; It is characterized in that; The vitriol oil, ammonia, water processed 180-220 ℃ ammoniumsulphate soln; Through water add-on control propylhomoserin reaction heat, be injected to the powdery base fertilizer granulation of nitrogenous in the tablets press, phosphorus, potassium with other, granulation is after drying, cooling, screening, coating obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, K compound fertilizer.
2. the method for propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK according to claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1), in granulating method composite fertilizer produces; The vitriol oil is joined in the tubular reactor by the mass percent 3%-5% that accounts for total input material quantity through the sulfuric acid pump; Add water again and in tubular reactor, dilute the vitriol oil; Dilution back vitriolic mass percent concentration is 50%-70%, joins in the tubular reactor after by the mass percent 2.5%-4% that accounts for total input material quantity liquefied ammonia being gasified then, and ammonia, acid-respons temperature are controlled at 180-220 ℃;
(2, other is nitrogenous, the powdery base fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium gets into rotary drum granulator behind computer metering; With in rotary drum granulator, accomplish granulation process from the ammoniumsulphate soln in the tubular reactor; The a large amount of heats that utilize propylhomoserin when tubular reactor reacts, to produce in the granulation process add thermal material; The ammoniumsulphate soln that utilizes the reaction generation simultaneously is as the required amount of liquid phase of granulating, and temperature of charge is controlled at 60-70 ℃, granulation time 3～7min in the rotary drum granulator;
(3), after the granulation, material gets into dryer, the dryer temperature is controlled at 85-100 ℃, drying time 20～40min;
(4), after the oven dry, material gets into the cooling system cooling, sieves through dusting cover screening and scalping respectively after the cooling; The macrobead of pulverulent material behind the dusting cover after scalping returns tablets press through fragmentation; Salable product get into packing machine, prevent the caking processing, after feed bin stores, pack.
3. the method for propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the water that step (1) adds is the washing water that the wash reel tablets press is discharged tail gas.
4. the method for propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK according to claim 2 is characterized in that, between the sieve diameter 2.0-3.0mm of dusting cover screening, between the sieve diameter 4.0-4.5mm of scalping screening.
5. the method for propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Said other is nitrogenous, the powdery base fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium is several kinds of mixtures in urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, normal superphosphate, double superhosphate, Repone K, the vitriolate of tartar, and the base fertilizer kind of adding and add-on need be looked nutrient, the moisture of the finished product and confirmed.
6. the method for propylhomoserin tubular reactor produced NPK according to claim 5 is characterized in that, said urea add-on surpasses 15% of input amount total amount quality, then needs broken back to add.
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