CN101692771A - Volvaria volvacea cultivation method - Google Patents
Volvaria volvacea cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101692771A CN101692771A CN200910192785A CN200910192785A CN101692771A CN 101692771 A CN101692771 A CN 101692771A CN 200910192785 A CN200910192785 A CN 200910192785A CN 200910192785 A CN200910192785 A CN 200910192785A CN 101692771 A CN101692771 A CN 101692771A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to a volvaria volvacea cultivation method and belongs to the edible mushroom cultivation technology. The ingredients of compost include 7-8 parts of fresh corn coating and 2-3 parts of fresh corn stigma. The method includes the steps of simultaneously processing the fresh corn coating and the fresh corn stigma with a grinding rubbing machine so that the corn coating is processed into soft threadiness and the corn stigma is cut short and snapped, meanwhile fully mixing the two processed raw materials and controlling the water content of the compost within 65-70 percent; and after processed, the compost can then be used for volvaria volvacea cultivation or filled in a container or a storage room to be compacted, sealed and stored. The method utilizes the waste materials after processing sweet corns to produce nuisanceless volvaria volvacea yearly, thus changing waste materials into things of value, recycling resources, saving water resource, reducing sewage discharge, protecting the ecological environment, reducing the production cost, improving the product quality and increasing economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fungus growing technique, particularly utilize the waste material (corn stigma, corn husk coat) of fresh and sweet maize processing to be made into the Volvaria volvacea cultivation raw material, replace the method for waste cotton annually cultivating straw mushroom
Background technology
The composts or fertilisers of cultivating of producing straw mushroom at present mainly is a waste cotton, and traditional production model must be trampled through the immersion of raw material in the middle of operating process, and stack retting is handled.Want the loss great amount of water resources in process of production; In stepping on cotton process, can produce many sewage and influence environment; Because cotton is not a food, the agricultural chemicals of using in the cotton culture process is poison, more, so the persticide residue of waste cotton is higher; The cottonseed that contains simultaneously some in waste cotton, cottonseed contain the free gossypol of trace, and gossypol is poisonous to human body, and quantity may produce adverse influence to human body for a long time; In addition, cotton planting has adopted many transformed varieties at present, and using thus, the waste cotton cultivating straw mushroom of output may cause harmful effect to human body; Straw mushroom production insect pest (nematode, mushroom fly, mushroom mosquito and fly) is comparatively serious, on using, agricultural chemicals do not have effective supervisory system, the phenomenon of abusing, abuse agricultural chemicals often takes place, and causes straw mushroom product residue of pesticide often to exceed standard, and straw mushroom product food-safety problem can not get guaranteeing; The waste cotton cost of material of using in the straw mushroom industry is too high, and the inconvenience of drawing materials, and the overwhelming majority relies on the long-distance transport of cotton producing region to call in, and has a strong impact on the enthusiasm for production of straw mushroom specialist.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method, utilize and the waste material anniversary produce nuisanceless straw mushroom after the sweet corn processing, to reduce production costs; promote the quality of product, increase economic benefit, and the using water wisely resource; reduce sewage discharge, preserve the ecological environment.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A, composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation
7～8 parts of bright corn clothing, 2～3 parts of bright corn stigmas are processed simultaneously with a grinding and wire kneading machine, just the corn clothing is processed into gentle thread respectively, corn stigma prescinded break, simultaneously the raw material after two kinds of processing is fully mixed, the moisture content of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is controlled at 65～70%.After composts or fertilisers of cultivating machined, the compacting sealing was preserved in promptly can be used for Volvaria volvacea cultivation or putting between reservoir, storage.
B, composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system
Lime consumption accounts for 3～6% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating consumption when fermentation reactor system, turns over evenly during composting as far as possible, and the pH value of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 9, and water content is 65～70%, and the fate of composting is 2～4 days, during turning in per 1～2 day once.
C, advance the room secondary fermentation
Before composts or fertilisers of cultivating entered the room, it is rebasing that the mushroom bed is used plastic film, or rebasing with ventilative braiding adhesive plaster.Composts or fertilisers of cultivating thickness 10～15cm, the material when composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters the room on the mushroom bed can not compacting.After composts or fertilisers of cultivating entered the room, bed surface wanted cover film to carry out secondary fermentation then.During secondary fermentation, mushroom room temperature is warming up to 90 ℃ and keep more than 10 hours.
D, sowing
After secondary fermentation finishes, open the plastic film that covers at charge level, wait in the material temperature drop to 40 ℃, charge level temperature in the time of 36 ℃, can sow, according to 0.32～0.35kg/m
2Seeding quantity bacterial classification is sprinkling upon the composts or fertilisers of cultivating surface equably, and then cover the plastic film of originally opening, charge level temperature is controlled at 36 ℃.Sow the plastic film that will cover charge level after 3 days and all open, the place that bedside and charge level are done is mended wet with shower nozzle, to keep charge level moistening.
E, spray fruiting water
Spray fruiting water after 3 days, the moisture content of material is controlled at 80～85%, and the water spray back suitably ventilates, and shuts door and window then and rises again, and makes the temperature in mushroom room be increased to 33～35 ℃.
F, fruiting period management
Suitably increase illumination after one day, promote the straw mushroom fruit body primordium to form, expect that during this time temperature control is at 33～36 ℃, mushroom room relative air humidity is controlled at 80～95%, and suitably moisturizing is made every effort to the charge level profit and do not wet the ventilation of mushroom room, avoid and allow wind directly blow bed surface, the mushroom room keeps certain scattered beam, and the about 50～100LUX of illumination avoids sunshine shining directly mushroom bed.
G, adopt mushroom
Begin the picking head mushroom after 5 days, receive main damp mushroom next day, straw mushroom is plucked 3～4 times every day, and the contaminant removal with the mushroom pin after gathering is clean, and calibrate and packing, and the freezer of putting into 15 ℃ is fresh-keeping.
H, expect the room clearly
After the room mushroom is all gathered and finishes,, wash with water mushroom room and plastic film totally standby with composts or fertilisers of cultivating complete liquidation fruiting room.
Mechanism of the present invention is that straw mushroom originates in the torrid zone and subtropical zone, be a kind of typical be the saprophytic property large edible fungus of main nutrition with grass fiber, can only decompose and utilize ready-made organic matter, wild straw mushroom is saprophytic on herbal withered mashed bar leaf usually.The artificial cultivation straw mushroom is simulation, creates good self-sow environment, utilizes composts or fertilisers of cultivating to cultivate.Composts or fertilisers of cultivating must satisfy following nutritional condition:
(1) carbon source: main effect is to constitute cellular material and supply with the straw mushroom energy needed of growing.Straw mushroom is non-photosynthetic organism, can not utilize carbonic acid gas and inorganic states carbon to be carbon source, can only utilize organic carbon is carbohydrate, comprises small organic molecules such as glucose, sucrose, maltose, and macromolecule organic matters such as cellulose, hemicellulose and starch.Small organic molecule can directly be absorbed by the straw mushroom mycelia, and macromolecule organic must be earlier hydrolase (as cellulase, hemicellulase, amylase) by the generation of straw mushroom mycelia could absorb after it being degraded to monose such as glucose.Can all can be used to cultivating straw mushroom as straw, waste cotton, straw, bagasse, cotton seed hulls etc. as the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of straw mushroom so contain cellulosic multiple kinds of crops straw, waste cotton is the most frequently used composts or fertilisers of cultivating at present.
(2) nitrogenous source: be the synthetic necessary material of straw mushroom cell protein.The straw mushroom mycelia is not so good to the inorganic nitrogen-sourced effect that absorbs, and little molecule organic nitrogens such as amino acid can directly be absorbed, and macromolecule organic nitrogens such as protein, could absorb after must it being decomposed into little molecule organic nitrogen by the protease of straw mushroom mycelia secretion.
Whether the carbon source of composts or fertilisers of cultivating and nitrogenous source ratio be suitable, directly has influence on growing and output of straw mushroom.At growth period of hypha, C/N ratio (C/N) was advisable with 20: 1, in sporophore growth phase C/N ratio (C/N) with 30～40: 1 is advisable, it is generally acknowledged in the vegetative growth phase C/N ratio and want point, the high slightly mycelial growth that helps of the ratio of nitrogen, and want a little bigger in the generative growth phase C/N ratio, the low slightly formation that helps fruit body of the ratio of nitrogen.Similar to general cereal, the too high levels of later stage nitrogen, it is solid to influence the cereal fruit ear, and straw mushroom will cause over growth of hyphae, postpones fruiting, directly influences output and quality.It below is the C/N ratio (C/N) of several composts or fertilisers of cultivating commonly used: straw 72: 1; Waste cotton 41: 1; Straw 98: 1; Bagasse 84: 1; Cotton seed hulls 28: 1.
(3) mineral matter and vitamin: the effect of mineral matter is to promote the activity of enzyme and nuclear formation, also to contain a certain amount of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulphur etc. in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating, these macroelement all have certain content in composts or fertilisers of cultivating such as crops tangerine bar, waste cotton, basically can satisfy the needs that straw mushroom grows, suitably adding some in case of necessity gets final product, and requirement in straw mushroom grows such as trace element as iron, Gu, Manganese, zinc, molybdenum etc. is very little, and its content in natural composts or fertilisers of cultivating and common water can satisfy the requirement that it grows fully.Vitamin is that straw mushroom grows indispensable and requirement special organic matter seldom, particularly vitamin B1, and it mainly acts on is coenzyme as enzyme, plays an important role in metabolism.The activity that can make many enzymes that is deficient in vitamin descends even forfeiture, directly influences growing of straw mushroom.
The nutrition and the value of sweet corn processing waste material (corn clothing, corn stigma)
Sweet corn can be used as fruits and vegetables, sweet except that having, fragrant, crisp, outside the tender characteristics, nutritive value is very high, sugar content is 2～20 times of conventional corn, its sugar has sucrose, glucose, maltose and melitose, be rich in by the dietary fiber of people's pay attention to day by day and multivitamin and mineral matter, and the acid of hydrogen base is formed near human body in its protein, plant oil content content, the unsaturated fatty acid of needed by human also is higher than conventional corn, and contain sitosterol, has the hypertension of preventing, the effect of coronary heart disease and cell ageing, sweet corn also contain the generally acknowledged anticancer factor-glutathione, can play good antitumaous effect.Often edible sweet corn, highly beneficial to health, particularly more favourable to the elderly and children.
Processing is to choose the bright bud of the sweet corn of high-quality during sweet corn kernel can, after divesting luxuriant clothing and corn stigma with machinery before the plumule of sweet corn kernel with under the iblet ring cutting.Sweet corn is drafted a document this plant, the carbon source of its processing waste material and vitamin and mineral matter abundance, and various nutrients are very abundant, are mixed with the straw mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating with it and can satisfy the nutritional requirement that straw mushroom grows fully.The composts or fertilisers of cultivating C/N ratio of the present invention preparation is about 30: 1 after tested, the nutritional requirement that more grows near straw mushroom than the C/N ratio of other several composts or fertilisers of cultivating commonly used.In sum, can be used as a kind of traditional Volvaria volvacea cultivation raw material of composts or fertilisers of cultivating replacement of novel high-quality with the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the present invention's preparation.
Advantage of the present invention is to reduce production costs 30%, promotes the quality of product, increases economic benefit 30%～40%, and extraordinary development prospect is arranged; The present invention utilizes and the waste material anniversary produces nuisanceless straw mushroom after the sweet corn processing, turns waste into wealth, and resource circulation utilization, the using water wisely resource can reduce sewage discharge more than 50%, preserves the ecological environment,
Embodiment
The preparation of composts or fertilisers of cultivating:
Bright corn husk coat 8000kg, bright corn stigma 2000kg utilize grinding and wire kneading machine (22 kilowatts of powers of motor) to process.At first will be mixed in foreign material such as stone in the raw material, iron block, rope, sack before the processing and remove, and utilize conveyer belt that bright corn husk coat, bright corn stigma are conveyed into grinding and wire kneading machine simultaneously and process then with artificial.Respectively bright corn clothing is processed into gentle thread; Bright corn stigma prescinded break.Simultaneously the waste material after two kinds of processing is fully mixed, moisture content is controlled at 65～70%, promptly finishes the machining program, and raw material promptly is processed into the straw mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
After composts or fertilisers of cultivating machines, can be applied to Volvaria volvacea cultivation at once, or put between warehouse, storage and store.
The preservation of composts or fertilisers of cultivating:
Use diameter 60cm, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that the blue big glue barreled of high 93cm (capacity 200L) processed the same day, water content about 70%, layering is treaded with pin as far as possible, bung covers 4 layers of polyethylene agricultural film that 0.05mm is thick, cut the rubber strip make with motorcycle tyre tube and tighten and seal, make it airtight, put into the warehouse and preserve.Or compacting between put into storing, after composts or fertilisers of cultivating is filled compacting, closely it is covered to the three-layer plastic film with two, again from one between storing to the thick wet soil of another skull 15～20cm, extrude wherein remaining aeroseal preservation.In order to improve the preservation effect of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, can in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, add effective microbe preparations such as lactic acid bacteria, quicken to suppress the activity of putrefactive microorganisms, promote the sinking of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, prolong the holding time.Holding time is generally half a year to one year even longer time.
The composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system:
Get composts or fertilisers of cultivating (calculating with wet feed) 1500kg and add the 75kg pulverized limestone, fully mix thoroughly, the water content of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is controlled to be 65～70%, and the pH value of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 9, stockpile builds up long approximately 5m, wide 2m, high 0.6m, cover with woven cloth then, the stack retting time is 3 days, turns over once heap after one and half.
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating advances room and secondary fermentation:
The laggard room of composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system, composts or fertilisers of cultivating pH value are 9; The mushroom bed is rebasing with the thick polyethylene agricultural plastic film of 0.05mm before entering the room, the about 10cm of material loading thickness.Behind the intact bedstead, cover charge level with agricultural film again on the composts or fertilisers of cultivating, to prevent oven dry composts or fertilisers of cultivating when the secondary fermentation.Use honeycomb briquette to carry out xeothermic heating, promptly carry out secondary fermentation, make mushroom room space temperature rise to about 90 degrees centigrade and keep more than 10 hours, to guarantee the high-temperature sterilization effect.
Sowing:
Behind the composts or fertilisers of cultivating secondary fermentation, it is aeration-cooling to open mushroom door window, and open the plastic film that covers at the mushroom bed level, water spray will be dried partially bedside and charge level mend wet, Deng temperature drop to 40 ℃ in the material, when charge level temperature drops to 36 ℃ of left and right sides, with 55 bags (350g/ bag: straw mushroom kind (bacterium numbering is VL5 number, is black mushroom strain) cotton seed hulls), according to 0.35kg/m
2The seeding quantity uniform broadcasting at bed surface.Charge level covers film again after finishing kind, and notices that the control charge level temperature about 36 ℃, suitably closes the doors and windows according to room temperature decline situation.Temperature after planting will be controlled well, the dead bacterial classification of too high meeting heat, and too low meeting makes mycelium germination bad.It is good to observe this mushroom room mycelium germination in second day.
Spray fruiting water and mushroom real estate management reason:
After planting the plastic film that will cover charge level on the 3rd day is all opened, and the place that bedside and charge level are done is mended wet with shower nozzle, to keep charge level moistening.
After planting the 5th day spray fruiting water, the material moisture content is controlled at 80～85%, and the water spray back suitably ventilates, and shuts door and window then and rises again, and makes the temperature in mushroom room be increased to 33～35 ℃, and it is energetic to make mycelia grow.
Play suitable increase illumination (extension 2 40w fluorescent lamps) next day, promote the straw mushroom fruit body primordium to form, expect that during this time temperature control is at 33～36 ℃, mushroom room relative air humidity is controlled at 80～95%, suitably moisturizing is made every effort to the charge level profit and is not wet, and notes mushroom room ventilation, avoids allowing wind directly blow bed surface, the mushroom room keeps certain scattered beam, and (illumination is about 50～100LUX), can not allow sunshine shining directly mushroom bed.
Adopt mushroom:
Sow and begin the picking head mushroom after 12 days, the main damp mushroom of receipts next day.Straw mushroom is plucked 3～4 times every day, and the contaminant removal with the mushroom pin after gathering is clean, and calibrate and packing, puts into fresh-keeping can the listing of freezer about 15 ℃.Package packing supplies will meet hygienic practice, and fresh-keeping ice house, haulage vehicle all will be carried out sanitary work, prevents from the link of fresh-keeping, transportation, sale product to be polluted.Sow after 15 days this room mushroom finish (receiving a damp mushroom) of all gathering, add up to the bright straw mushroom 120kg of results, according to dropping into the siccative conversion, biological transformation ratio is 26.6% (biological transformation ratio of using the waste cotton cultivating straw mushroom at present is generally 18～25%).This room mushroom does not have any chemical fertilizer of use and agricultural chemicals in the overall process of producing, all strict health and the food security standard of carrying out country of production process, and the bright straw mushroom of institute's output is the hygienic requirements that reaches pollution-free food fully.
Expect the room clearly
Sow the composts or fertilisers of cultivating complete liquidation fruiting room that after 17 days this room is harvested mushroom, sell, wash with water mushroom room and plastic film totally standby as the high-quality organic manure.
Claims (1)
1. Volvaria volvacea cultivation method is characterized in that
A, composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation
7～8 parts bright corn clothing and 2～3 parts bright corn stigma are processed simultaneously with grinding and wire kneading machine, respectively the corn clothing is processed into gentle thread, corn stigma prescinded break, simultaneously the raw material after two kinds of processing is fully mixed, the moisture content of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is controlled at 65～70%; After composts or fertilisers of cultivating machines, be used for Volvaria volvacea cultivation or put into compacting sealing preservation between reservoir, storage;
B, composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system
Lime consumption accounts for 3%～6% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating consumption when fermentation reactor system, turns over evenly during composting as far as possible, and the pH value of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 9, and water content is 65～70%, and the fate of composting is 2～4 days, during turning in per 1～2 day once;
C, advance the room secondary fermentation
Behind the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system, before composts or fertilisers of cultivating entered the room, it is rebasing that the mushroom bed is used plastic film, or rebasing with ventilative braiding adhesive plaster, composts or fertilisers of cultivating thickness 10～15cm; Material when composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters the room on the mushroom bed can not compacting; After composts or fertilisers of cultivating entered the room, bed surface was wanted cover film, carried out secondary fermentation then, and during secondary fermentation, mushroom room temperature is warming up to 90 ℃ and keep more than 10 hours;
D, sowing
After secondary fermentation finishes, open the plastic film that covers at charge level, open door and window and ventilate, when waiting in the material temperature drop to 40 ℃, charge level temperature drop to 36 ℃, according to 0.32～0.35kg/m
2Seeding quantity bacterial classification is sprinkling upon the composts or fertilisers of cultivating surface equably, and then cover the plastic film of originally opening, charge level temperature is controlled at 36 ℃; Sow the plastic film that will cover charge level after 3 days and all open, the place that bedside and charge level are done is mended wet with shower nozzle, to keep charge level moistening;
E, spray fruiting water
After planting the 5th day spray fruiting water, the material moisture content is controlled at 80～85%, and the water spray back suitably ventilates, and shuts door and window then and rises again, and makes the temperature in mushroom room be increased to 33～35 ℃;
F, fruiting period management
Spray water and suitably increase illumination after one day, promote the straw mushroom fruit body primordium to form, expect that during this time temperature control is at 33～36 ℃, mushroom room relative air humidity is controlled at 80～95%, and suitably moisturizing makes the charge level profit and do not wet the ventilation of mushroom room, avoid and allow wind directly blow bed surface, the mushroom room keeps certain scattered beam, and the about 50～100LUX of illumination avoids sunshine shining directly mushroom bed;
G, adopt mushroom
Begin the picking head mushroom after 5 days, receive main damp mushroom next day, straw mushroom is plucked 3～4 times every day, and the contaminant removal with the mushroom pin after gathering is clean, and calibrate and packing, and the freezer of putting into 15 ℃ is fresh-keeping;
H, expect the room clearly
After the room mushroom is all gathered and finishes,, wash with water mushroom room and plastic film totally standby with composts or fertilisers of cultivating complete liquidation fruiting room.
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Cited By (16)
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| CN102336593A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-02-01 | 广州市立宇食用菌科技有限公司 | Method for naturally preparing buttonmushroom culture materials, buttonmushroom culture material recipe and culture method |
| CN102498930A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-06-20 | 成都榕珍菌业有限公司 | Method for cultivating straw mushrooms by utilizing pleurotus eryngii fungi residues |
| CN102523917A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-04 | 广东省微生物研究所 | Method for cultivating straw mushroom |
| CN102649649A (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-08-29 | 厦门农家阳光生物科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating straw mushroom and culture material thereof |
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| CN102523917A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-04 | 广东省微生物研究所 | Method for cultivating straw mushroom |
| CN102523917B (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-08-07 | 广东省微生物研究所 | Method for cultivating straw mushroom |
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| CN104396568A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-11 | 富顺县原野食用菌开发有限责任公司 | Cultivation technology of straw mushroom |
| CN105684732A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-22 | 柳州市宣荣农业有限公司 | Volvariella volvacea culturing method |
| CN105660184A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 柳州市宣荣农业有限公司 | Cultivation method for volvariella volvacea |
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| CN112889511B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2023-04-07 | 福州市蔬菜科学研究所 | Method for circularly cutting cabbage leaf balls by cabbage seed-reserving leaf ball circular cutting tool |
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