CN101631757A - ω-3脂质化合物 - Google Patents
ω-3脂质化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101631757A CN101631757A CN200780040758A CN200780040758A CN101631757A CN 101631757 A CN101631757 A CN 101631757A CN 200780040758 A CN200780040758 A CN 200780040758A CN 200780040758 A CN200780040758 A CN 200780040758A CN 101631757 A CN101631757 A CN 101631757A
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Abstract
通式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物,或其任一可药用复合物、溶剂合物、盐或前药:其中P表示氢原子、式(a)、(b)、(c)或(d)和(e),Y为具有至少一个E和/或Z构型双键的C14-C22烯基;条件是R1和R2不同时为氢原子。本发明也公开了包含这些化合物的药物组合物和脂质组合物,且这些化合物用作药物,尤其用于治疗心血管疾病和代谢性疾病的药物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及通式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物:
其中R1、R2、P和Y如本文定义。
本发明也涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物和脂质组合物,以及涉及这些化合物用作药物,尤其是用于治疗心血管疾病和代谢性疾病的药物。
发明背景
饮食中的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)对影响正常健康和慢性疾病的不同生理学进程具有影响,如调节血浆脂质水平、心血管功能和免疫功能、胰岛素作用,和神经元发育和视觉功能。PUFAs(通常为酯的形式,如甘油酯或磷脂)的摄入将导致它们基本上分布于体内的每个对膜组成和膜功能、类花生酸的合成、细胞信号传导和基因表达的调节有影响的细胞。除细胞特异性脂质代谢外,对于不同组织的不同脂肪酸/脂质的分布中的变化,以及脂肪酸调节的转录因子的表达,很可能在决定细胞如何响应PUFA组成中的变化上起着重要的作用(Benatti,P.等人,J.Am.Coll.Nutr.2004,23,281)。已经发现PUFAs或它们的代谢产物通过与一些核受体相互作用从而来调节基因转录。这些受体是过氧化物酶体增生因子激活受体(PPARs)、肝核受体(HNF-4)、肝X受体(LXR)和9-顺视黄酸受体(视黄醇类X受体,RXR)。以PUFAs的治疗也可以调节核中许多转录因子的丰度,包括SREBP、NFκB、c/EBPβ和HIF-1α。这些作用并不是由于脂肪酸与转录因子直接结合,而是涉及影响转录因子的核含量的机理。这些影响不是直接由于脂肪酸与转录因子的结合,而是涉及影响转录因子核含量的机理。通过PUFAs的基因转录的调节对细胞和组织代谢具有巨大的作用,且对于疾病(如肥胖症、糖尿病、心血管疾病、免疫-炎性疾病和癌症)的引发和预防或改善中涉及的营养-基因相互作用提供了合理的解释(Wahle,J.等人,Proceedings of the NutritionSociety,2003,349)。已经发现富含于ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)中的鱼油部分地通过血甘油三酯浓度的降低,从而降低了心血管疾病的危险。这种有利的作用主要是由通过减少SPEBP-1抑制脂肪形成和通过激活肝中的PPAR-α刺激脂肪酸氧化的组合作用而产生。
由于它们在体内的稳定性有限和它们缺乏生物特异性,PUFAs还没有广泛地用作治疗药物。已经通过一些研究进行了n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的化学改性以改变或增加它们的代谢作用。
例如,EPA的降血脂作用通过在EPA乙基酯(EE)α-位上引入甲基或乙基而加强(Vaagenes等人,Biochemical Pharmacology,1999,58,1133)。那些化合物也降低了血浆游离脂肪酸,而EPA EE化合物没有作用。
在L.Larsen(Larsen,L.等人,Lipids,2005,40,49)发表的近期工作中,作者表明,当与EPA/DHA相比时,EPA和DHA的α-甲基衍生物增加核受体PPARα的活性,且由此增强表达L-FABP。作者表明这些α-甲基PUFAs的延迟的分解代谢作用导致它们作用增强。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供具有药学活性的ω-3脂质化合物。
该目的通过式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物,或其任何可药用复合物、溶剂合物、盐或前药实现:
其中
R1和R2相同或不同,且选自氢原子、羟基、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基、酰氧基、酰基、烯基、炔基、芳基、烷硫基、烷氧基羰基、羧基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、氨基和烷基氨基;
P表示氢原子,
其中P1、P2和P3选自氢原子、烷基和C14-C22烯基,其中所述烷基和烯基任选被羟基取代,
或
Y为具有至少一个E和/或Z构型双键的C14-C22烯基;
条件是R1和R2不同时为氢原子。
尤其是,本发明涉及式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物,其中:
·Y为具有2-6个双键的C16-C22烯基;
·Y为具有2-6个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16-C20烯基;
·Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C20烯基;
·Y为具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C20烯基;
·Y为具有3-5个双键的C16-C20烯基;
·Y为具有3-5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16-C20烯基;
·Y为具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基;
·Y为具有3个Z构型双键的C16烯基;或
·Y为具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基。
更具体地,本发明涉及ω-3脂质化合物,其选自:
·(全-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇,
·(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳五烯-1-醇,
·(5E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳五烯-1-醇,和
·(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳六烯-1-醇,
或其任何可药用复合物、溶剂合物、盐或前药,
其中所述ω-3脂质化合物在从羟基官能团起算的碳2位上被至少一个选自下列的取代基所取代:
氢原子、羟基、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基、酰氧基、酰基、烯基、炔基、芳基、烷硫基、烷氧基羰基、羧基、烷基亚磺酰基(alkylsulfinyl)、烷基磺酰基、氨基和烷基氨基;
条件是:
R1和R2不同时为氢原子。
在本发明的示例性实施方案中,ω-3脂质化合物选自:
在本发明的化合物中,所述烷基可选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和正己基;所述卤素原子可以为氟;所述烷氧基可选自甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、仲丁氧基、苯氧基、苄氧基、OCH2CF3和OCH2CH2OCH3;所述烯基可选自烯丙基、2-丁烯基和3-己烯基;所述炔基可选自炔丙基、2-丁炔基和3-己炔基;所述芳基可选自苄基和被取代的苄基;所述烷硫基可选自甲硫基、乙硫基、异丙硫基和苯硫基;所述烷氧基羰基可选自甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、丙氧基羰基和丁氧基羰基;所述烷基亚磺酰基可选自甲烷亚磺酰基、乙烷亚磺酰基和异丙烷亚磺酰基;所述烷基磺酰基可选自甲烷磺酰基、乙烷磺酰基和异丙烷磺酰基;且所述烷基氨基可选自甲基氨基、二甲基氨基、乙基氨基和二乙基氨基。
尤其是,R1和R2可选自氢原子;烷基,例如C1-C7烷基;烷氧基,例如C1-C7烷氧基;烷硫基,例如C1-C7烷硫基;氨基、烷基氨基,如C1-C7烷基氨基、烷氧基羰基,如C1-C7烷氧基羰基,和羧基。
例如,所述C1-C7烷基可以为甲基、乙基或丙基;所述C1-C7烷氧基可以为甲氧基、乙氧基或丙氧基;所述C1-C7烷硫基可以为甲硫基、乙硫基或丙硫基;所述C1-C7烷基氨基可以为乙基氨基或二乙基氨基。
根据本发明,P表示氢原子,或
P表示:
其中P1、P2和P3选自氢原子、烷基和C14-C22烯基,其中所述烷基和烯基任选被羟基取代,或
P表示:
P表示:
P表示:
本发明化合物的实例是下述化合物,其中P为氢,且Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C20烯基,其中:
R1和R2中之一为甲基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为甲氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为甲硫基(thiomethyl),且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙硫基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙硫基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙基氨基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为苄基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为二乙基氨基,且另一个为氢原子;或
R1和R2中之一为氨基,且另一个为氢原子。
本发明化合物的其它实例为下述化合物,其中P为氢,且Y为具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C20烯基中,其中:
R1和R2中之一为甲基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为甲氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为苄基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为甲硫基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙硫基,且另一个为氢原子;或
R1和R2中之一为丙硫基,且另一个为氢原子。
本发明化合物的另一些实例为下述化合物,其中P为氢,且Y为具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基,其中:
R1和R2中之一为甲基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为甲氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为甲硫基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙硫基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙硫基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙基氨基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为苄基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为二乙基氨基,且另一个为氢原子;或
R1和R2中之一为氨基,且另一个为氢原子。
本发明化合物的其它实例为下述化合物,其中P为氢,且Y为具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基,其中:
R1和R2中之一为甲基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为甲氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙氧基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为甲硫基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙硫基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为丙硫基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为乙基氨基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为苄基,且另一个为氢原子;
R1和R2中之一为二乙基氨基,且另一个为氢原子;或
R1和R2中之一为氨基,且另一个为氢原子。
在本发明式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物中,R1和R2可相同或不同。当它们不同时,式(I)化合物能够以立体异构体形式存在。应该理解本发明包括所有式(I)化合物的光学异构体或其混合物,包括外消旋体。因此,本发明包括,R1与R2不同时,作为(R)或(S)对映异构体的外消旋或对映异构体纯的式(I)化合物。
本发明也涉及式(I)的ω-3化合物,其用作药物或用于诊断目的,例如用于电子发射断层扫描(PET)。而且本发明的化合物和组合物可用作化妆品,尤其用于皮肤的局部制剂。那些制剂可以用于多种目的,包括治疗牛皮癣。
而且,本发明涉及包含式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物的药物组合物。该药物组合物可包含可药用载体、赋形剂或稀释剂,或其任一组合,且适合配制为用于口服给药,例如胶囊或药袋(sachet)形式。式(I)化合物的合适的日剂量为5mg-10g的所述化合物;50mg-1g的所述化合物,或50mg-200mg的所述化合物。
本发明也涉及包含式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物的脂质组合物。适合地,所述ω-3脂质化合物存在的浓度为脂质组合物的至少60重量%,或至少80重量%。脂质组合物还可以包含ω-3脂肪醇,或其前药,其选自(全-Z)-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(EPA)、(全-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇酸(DHA)、(全-Z)-6,9,12,15,18-二十一碳五烯-1-醇酸(HPA)、和/或(全-Z)-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(DPA),或其衍生物,即以其2-取代的形式存在,和/或可药用抗氧化剂,如生育酚。
而且,本发明涉及式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物在制备用于下述应用的药物中的用途:
·活化或调节至少一种人过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)同工型,其中所述过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)为过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)α和/或γ。
·治疗和/或预防外周胰岛素抵抗和/或糖尿病病症。
·降低血浆胰岛素(plasma insulin)、血糖(blood glucose)和/或血清甘油三酯(serum triglycerides)。
·治疗和/或预防II型糖尿病。
·预防和/或治疗甘油三酯水平升高、LDL胆固醇水平升高和/或VLDL胆固醇水平升高。
·预防和/或治疗高血脂症(hyperlipidemic condition),如高甘油三酯血症(hypertriglyceridemia,HTG)。
·增加人血清HDL水平。
·治疗和/或预防肥胖或超重病症。
·降低体重和/或预防体重增加。
·治疗和/或预防脂肪肝疾病,如非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(NAFLD)。
·治疗胰岛素抵抗、血脂过多(hyperlipidemia)和/或肥胖或超重病症。
·在制备用于治疗和/或预防炎性疾病或病症。
本发明也涉及治疗和/或预防上述病症的方法,包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的式(I)化合物。
而且,本发明包括制备式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物的方法。
发明详述
研究表明在多不饱和脂肪酸的α-位引入取代基增加它们对核受体,尤其是对PPARs的亲和力。因为PPARs是能量内环境稳定和炎症的关键调节因子,所以许多研究关注合成PPAR配体的进展。
PUFAs的羧酸官能团对于靶向PPARs的结合是非常重要的,但该可离子化的基团可阻碍药物通过肠壁的细胞膜。因此,药物中的羧酸官能团通常被保护成酯。极性较低的酯能够通过脂肪细胞膜,且进入血流后其被血液中的酯酶水解为游离酸。
也可能血浆酶没有足够快地将这些酯水解,而这种从酯到游离酸的转化主要发生在肝的下游。对于多不饱和脂肪酸的乙基酯也发生相同事件,其在体内水解为游离酸。
因为2-取代的多不饱和脂肪酸衍生物用于治疗目的潜能,本发明化合物为新颖的α-取代的脂肪酸的前药。这些前药可具有治疗活性提高,生物利用度和通过细胞膜的能力增加。
每个PPAR受体同工型表现出不同形式的表达和重叠,从而产生不同的生物活性。而PPAR-α和PPAR-γ分别主要存在于肝和脂肪组织中,PPAR-δ同时表达。由于PPAR受体同工型的不同分布,靶向这些受体的药物应该靶向其中表达所需受体的组织。除链长和双键数目的改变外,官能团的改变可能使本发明化合物产生一种组织特异性。
示例性的实施方案包括ω-3多不饱和醇或其前药,其在2位被取代。而且,包含本发明ω-3化合物的脂质组合物可降低甘油三酯水平和胆固醇,且同时增加HDL水平。本发明的药物产品也可对炎性疾病、神经元发育和视觉功能具有提高的作用。
命名和术语
脂肪酸为直链烃,其在一端(α)具有羧基(COOH),且在另一端(ω)通常为甲基。脂肪酸根据从ω端的第一个双键的位置命名。术语ω-3(omega-3)表示该第一个双键存在于从碳链的末端CH3端(ω)数的第3个碳-碳键。然而,根据化学命名规则,碳原子的编号从α端开始。
根据本发明,羧基已经被新的醇形式的官能团代替,或其前药。
本文所用的表述“被亚甲基间隔的双键(methylene interrupted doublebonds)”是指下述情况,其中在ω-3脂质化合物的碳链中亚甲基位于2个单独的双键之间。
贯穿本说明书,术语“2-取代的”、“在2位被取代”和“从ω-3脂质化合物的官能团起算,在碳2处被取代”是指在符合上述碳链编号的表示为2的碳原子上的取代。或者,这样的取代可以称作“2-取代”。
贯穿本说明书,术语“ω-3脂质化合物”(相应于ω-3或n-3)是指从如上定义的碳链的ω末端起的第3个碳-碳键处具有第一个双键的脂质化合物。
本发明的基本思想是式(I)的ω-3脂质化合物,或其任何可药用复合物、溶剂合物、盐或前药:
其中
R1和R2相同或不同,且选自氢原子、羟基、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基、酰氧基、酰基、烯基、炔基、芳基、烷硫基、烷氧基羰基、羧基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、氨基和烷基氨基;
P表示氢原子,或
P表示:
其中P1、P2和P3选自氢原子、烷基和C14-C22烯基,其中所述烷基和烯基任选被羟基取代,或
P表示:
P表示:
P表示:
Y为具有至少一个E和/或Z构型双键的C14-C22烯基;
条件是R1和R2不同时为氢原子。
所得化合物为2-取代的ω-3脂质化合物,即从羰基端起算在2位碳原子被取代的ω-3脂质化合物。更具体地,所得化合物为2-取代的多不饱和ω-3醇,或其前药。示例性的前药涉及式(II)的ω-3脂质化合物:
其中:
-R3为C1-C6烷基。
其它示例性的前药包括:
其它示例性的实施方案包括下述在2位被取代的ω-3衍生物:
·(全-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-6,9,12,15-十八碳四烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-6,9,12,15,18,21-二十四碳六烯-1-醇,
·(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳五烯-1-醇,
·(5E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳五烯-1-醇,
·(全-Z)-8,11,14,17-二十碳四烯-1-醇,和
·(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳六烯-1-醇。
在上述对于R1和R2所列的可能的取代基中,优选的实施方案为低级烷基,尤其为甲基和乙基。其它示例性取代基如低级烷氧基或低级烷硫基,即具有1-3个碳原子。R1或R2中的一个使用任何这些取代基之一,而另一个为氢,认为这样提供最有效的结果。
示例性的ω-3多不饱和脂质(其可在所述位置被取代)包括(全-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇、(全-Z)-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇、(全-Z)-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇和(全-Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇。合适的取代基包括氢原子和低级烷基,优选具有1-3个碳原子,且更优选具有2-3个碳原子。
根据本发明的ω-3脂质化合物,即被取代的ω-3醇及其可能的前药被分为下述A-H类:
A类
(全-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇,或其前药,其在从所述官能团起算的2位被取代:
Y=具有6个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C20烯基。
B类
(全-Z)-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇,或其前药,其在从所述官能团起算的2位被取代:
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基。
C类
(全-Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇,或其前药,其在从所述官能团起算的2位被取代:
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基。
D类
(全-Z)-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇,其前药,其在从所述官能团起算的2位被取代:
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C20烯基。
E类
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳五烯-1-醇,或其前药,其在从所述官能团起算的2位被取代:
Y=具有5个双键的C18烯基。
F类
(全-Z)-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇,或其前药,其在从所述官能团起算的2位被取代:
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基。
G类
(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳六烯-1-醇,或其前药,其在从所述官能团起算的2位被取代:
Y=具有6个双键的C20烯基。
H类
(5E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳五烯-1-醇,或其前药,其在从所述官能团起算的2位被取代:
Y=具有5个双键的C18烯基。
其中P为-CH2COOH。
I类
α-取代的ω-3脂质化合物,其中P表示:
其中P1、P2和P3各自为氢原子,且其中R1、R2和Y如上定义。
J类
α-取代的ω-3脂质化合物,其中P表示:
其中P1、P2和P3各自为甲基,且其中R1、R2和Y如上定义。
K类
α-取代的ω-3脂质化合物,其中P表示:
其中P1为被羟基取代的乙基,P2和P3各自为氢原子,且其中R1、R2和Y如上定义。
L类
α-取代的ω-3脂质化合物,其中P表示:
其中R1、R2和Y如上定义。
M类
α-取代的ω-3脂质化合物,其中P表示:
其中R1、R2和Y如上定义。
N类
α-取代的ω-3脂质化合物,其中P表示:
其中P1、P2和P3各自为甲基。
O类
α-取代的ω-3脂质化合物,其中P表示:
其中P1为烯基,且P2和P3各自为氢原子,且其中R1、R2和Y如上定义。
A类-实施例(1)-(8):
对于所有实施例(1)-(8):
P为氢。
Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的双键的C20烯基。
(全-Z)-2-甲基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(1)
R1=甲基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(2)
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(3)
R1=丙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲氧基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(4)
R1=甲氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙氧基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(5)
R1=乙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙氧基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(6)
R1=丙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲硫基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(7)
R1=甲硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲硫基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙硫基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(8)
R1=乙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙硫基,且R1=氢原子
B类-实施例(9)-(17):
对于所有的实施例(9)-(17):
P=氢原子
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基。
(全-Z)-2-甲基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(9)
R1=甲基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(10)
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(11)
R1=丙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲氧基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(12)
R1=甲氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙氧基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(13)
R1=乙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙氧基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(14)
R1=丙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲硫基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(15)
R1=甲硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲硫基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙硫基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(16)
R1=乙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙硫基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙硫基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(17)
R1=丙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙硫基,且R1=氢原子
C类-实施例(18)-(26):
对于所有实施例(18)-(26):
P=氢原子
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基
(全-Z)-2-甲基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(18)
R1=甲基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(19)
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(20)
R1=丙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲氧基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(21)
R1=甲氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙氧基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(22)
R1=乙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙氧基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(23)
R1=丙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲硫基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(24)
R1=甲硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲硫基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙硫基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(25)
R1=乙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙硫基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙硫基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(26)
R1=丙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙硫基,且R1=氢原子
D类-实施例(27)-(35):
对于所有实施例(27)-(35):
P=氢原子
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C20烯基
(全-Z)-2-甲基-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(27)
R1=甲基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(28)
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙基-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(29)
R1=丙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲氧基-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(30)
R1=甲氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙氧基-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(31)
R1=乙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙氧基-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(32)
R1=丙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲硫基-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(33)
R1=甲硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲硫基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙硫基-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(34)
R1=乙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙硫基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙硫基-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯-1-醇(35)
R1=丙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙硫基,且R1=氢原子
E类-实施例(36)-(44):
对于所有实施例(36)-(44)
Y=具有5个双键的C18烯基
P=氢原子
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2-甲基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(36)
R1=甲基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2-乙基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(37)
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2-丙基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(38)
R1=丙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2-甲氧基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(39)
R1=甲氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲氧基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2-乙氧基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(40)
R1=乙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2-丙氧基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(41)
R1=丙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2-甲硫基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(42)
R1=甲硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲硫基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2-乙硫基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(43)
R1=乙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙硫基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2-丙硫基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(44)
R1=丙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙硫基,且R1=氢原子
F类-实施例(45)-(54)
对于所有实施例
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基
P=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基,2-羟基甲基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(45)
R1=乙基,且R2=羟基,或
R2=羟基,且R1=乙基
(全-Z)-2-甲基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(46)
R1=甲基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(47)
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(48)
R1=丙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲氧基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(49)
R1=甲氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙氧基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(50)
R1=乙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙氧基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(51)
R1=丙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-甲硫基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(52)
R1=甲硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲硫基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙硫基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(53)
R1=乙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙硫基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-丙硫基-11,14,17-二十碳三烯-1-醇(54)
R1=丙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙硫基,且R1=氢原子
G类-实施例(55)-(63):
对于所有实施例(55)-(63):
Y=具有6个双键的C20烯基
P=氢原子
4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-2-甲基-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(55)
R1=甲基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-2-乙基-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(56)
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-2-丙基-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(57)
R1=丙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-2-甲氧基-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(58)
R1=甲氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲氧基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-2-乙氧基-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(59)
R1=乙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-2-丙氧基-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(60)
R1=丙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙氧基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-2-甲硫基-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(61)
R1=甲硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲硫基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-2-乙硫基-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(62)
R1=乙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙硫基,且R1=氢原子
(4E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-2-丙硫基-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(63)
R1=丙硫基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=丙硫基,且R1=氢原子
H类-实施例(64)-(66):
对于所有实施例(64)-(66):
Y=具有5个双键的C18烯基
P=氢原子
5E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-2-甲基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(64)
R1=甲基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=甲基,且R1=氢原子
5E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-2-乙基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(65)
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
5E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-2-乙氧基-二十碳五烯-1-醇(66)
R1=乙氧基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙氧基,且R1=氢原子
I类-实施例(67)-(69):
对于所有实施例(67)-(69):
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇乙酸酯(67)
Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的双键的C20烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇乙酸酯(68)
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇乙酸酯(69)
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
J类-实施例(70)-(72):
对于所有实施例(70)-(72):
P=
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇新戊酸酯(70)
Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的双键的C20烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇新戊酸酯(71)
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇新戊酸酯(72)
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
K类-实施例(73)-(75):
对于所有实施例(73)-(75):
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇半琥珀酸酯(73)
Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的双键的C20烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇半琥珀酸酯(74)
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇半琥珀酸酯(75)
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
L类-实施例(76)-(78):
对于所有实施例(76)-(78):
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇磷酸酯(76)
Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的双键的C20烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇磷酸酯(77)
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇磷酸酯(78)
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
M类-实施例(79)-(81):
对于所有实施例(79)-(81):
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇磺酸酯(79)
Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的双键的C20烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇磺酸酯(80)
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇磺酸酯(81)
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
N类-实施例(82)-(84):
对于所有实施例(82)-(84):
P=
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇叔丁基碳酸酯(82)
Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的双键的C20烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇叔丁基碳酸酯(83)
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇叔丁基碳酸酯(84)
Y=具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
O类-实施例(85)-(86):
(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸酯(85)
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17--二十碳五烯-1-醇(全-Z)-2-乙基-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯基碳酸酯(86)
Y=具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基
R1=乙基,且R2=氢原子,或
R2=乙基,且R1=氢原子
制备本发明化合物的方法
方法(一般方法)
所有本发明的醇可从它们相应的羧酸或酯在还原条件下制备。
2-取代的ω-3多不饱和酯或羧酸可通过使用将氢转移至羰基化合物的试剂,从而被还原为它们相应的醇。这些还原剂的实例为:铝锂氢化物如LiAlH4、LiAlH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)、LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3,或硼氢化物如:LiBH4,Ca(BH4)2。合适的溶剂包括在无水条件下还原反应中通常使用的乙醚或THF。
方案(I)
而且,2-取代的(全-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸乙酯的合成公开于专利申请IB2006/001155中。
方法II:ω-3多不饱和醇的酯的制备
合成酯的最常用的方法是通过醇与酰氯或其它活化的羧酸衍生物的反应。当醇与酰氯反应时,常用的制备方法通常使用吡啶作为催化剂。4-二甲基-氨基吡啶(DMAP)也是该反应中常用的催化剂。也可以使用Fisher酯化方法,其中醇与羧酸在酸催化剂的存在下反应。
方案(II)说明了制备ω-3多不饱和醇的前药的实例。
方案(II)
方法III:ω-3多不饱和醇的磷酸酯的制备
叔丁基保护的磷酸酯可通过醇与二叔丁基二异丙基亚磷酰胺和过氧化氢在四唑存在下反应制备。通过三氟乙酸脱保护得到磷酸酯(方案III)。
方案(III)
方法IV:ω-3多不饱和醇的磺酸酯的制备
磺酸酯可通过醇与吡啶x SO3的反应制备,如方案(IV)中所示。
方案(IV)
方法V:ω-3多不饱和醇的ω-3多不饱和酯的制备
一般方法包括使1当量的多不饱和脂肪酸与1当量的多不饱和醇在EDC(1-乙基-3-[3-二甲基氨基丙基]碳二亚胺盐酸盐)或其它的羧酸活化剂,和碱(如三乙胺或二异丙基乙基胺)存在下,在合适的溶剂中反应。实例如方案(V)中所示。
方案(V)
碳酸酯通过醇与二-叔丁基-焦碳酸酯(Boc-O-Boc),在碱(如DMAP)存在下反应,如方案(VI)中所示。
方案(VI)
合成方法
2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(脂质化合物2)的制备:
2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸乙酯
将于5mL无水THF中的(PRB-2,0.81g,2.11mmol)加入到搅拌的LAH(0.084g,2.21mmol)于15mL无水THF中的混悬液中,保持在0℃。于0℃惰性气氛下搅拌所得溶液30分钟,加入10%NH4Cl(20mL),且通过短硅藻土垫过滤。该垫用水(20mL)和庚烷(20mL)洗涤,且分离各层。水相用庚烷(20mL)萃取,且合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,并干燥(MgSO4)。通过快速色谱(庚烷∶EtOAc 9∶1)纯化,得到0.33g(46%)标题化合物,为无色油状物;1H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3):δ0.86-0.98(m,6H),1.26-1.54(m,3H),1.98-2.17(m,4H),2.76-2.90(m,10H),3.51(d,2H),5.27-5.48(m,12H);13C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3):δ11.29,14.18,20.47,23.33,25.46,25.54,25.57,25.58,25.60,28.41,42.50,65.05,126.94,127.78,128.01,128.02,128.07,128.11,128.17,128.20,128.48,128.99,131.93;MS(电喷雾):365.3[M+Na]。
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇乙酸酯
于0℃,将乙酰氯(5.64ml,65.6mmol)滴加到搅拌的(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(20.4g,59.6mmol)和吡啶(46μL,0.6mmol)在无水THF(200ml)中的混合物中。使混合物缓慢达到室温,并搅拌过夜。反应用饱和NaHCO3(120mL)终止,且所得混合物用庚烷(200mL)萃取。有机层用水(120mL)洗涤,并干燥(Na2SO4)。通过硅胶快速色谱纯化,用庚烷/EtOAc 100∶2.5-95∶3-95∶5洗脱,得到18g(79%)标题化合物,为黄色油状物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.90(t,3H,J=7.4Hz),0.95(t,3H,J=7.5Hz),1.35(五重峰,2H,J=7.2Hz),1.64(五重峰,1H,J=6.4Hz),2.02(s,3H),2.05-2.11(m,4H),2.74-2.84(m,10H),3.96(d,2H,J=5.9Hz),5.26-5.42(m,12H);13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ11.2,14.2,20.5,20.9,23.6,25.5,25.6,28.4,39.3,66.4,127.0,127.4,127.8,128.0,128.1,128.17,128.19,128.2,128.5,129.4,132.0,171.2(4个隐藏的单峰);MS(电喷雾):407.3[M+Na]+。
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇新戊酸酯
将新戊酰氯(71μl,0.58mmol)加入到(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(200mg,0.59mmol)和吡啶(0.05ml,0.62mmol)在无水CH2Cl2(2ml)中的混合物中,且反应混合物与室温N2气氛下搅拌42小时。反应混合物用乙醚(50ml)稀释,用水(20ml)和盐水(20ml)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),且真空蒸发。通过硅胶快速色谱,用庚烷-庚烷∶EtOAc(100∶1)洗脱,得到195mg (79%)标题化合物,为无色液体。
1H NMR(200MHz,CDCl3.)δ0.87-0.95(m,6H),1.18(s,9H),1.33-1.44(m,2H),1.58-1.73(m,1H),1.99-2.13(m,4H),2.78-2.83(m,10H),3.96(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),5.23-5.48(m,12H);MS(电喷雾);449[M+Na]+。
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇半琥珀酸酯
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(200mg,0.59mmol),琥珀酸酐(65.9mg,0.66mmol)和DMAP(71.6mg,0.59mmol)在无水DMF(2ml)中的混合物于室温中N2气氛下搅拌18小时。反应混合物用乙醚(50ml)稀释,用1M的HCl(20ml)和盐水(20ml)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并真空蒸发。通过硅胶快速色谱,用庚烷∶EtOAc(95∶5)-(4∶1)-(1∶1)洗脱,得到89mg(34%)的标题化合物,为无色液体。
1H NMR(200MHz,CDCl3)δ0.86-0.99(m,6H),1.24-1.39(m,2H),1.62-1.68(m,1H),2.02-2.13(m,4H),2.62-2.83(m,4H),2.71-2.83(m,10H),4.01(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),5.22-5.48(m,12H);MS(电喷雾);465[M+Na]+,441[M-H]-。
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇磷酸酯
步骤1:(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇二-叔丁基磷酸酯
将四唑于CH3CN(0.45M,9.2ml,4.14mmol)中的溶液加入到(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(428mg,1.25mmol)和二-叔丁基二异丙基亚磷酰胺(0.635ml,2.01mmol)在无水CH2Cl2(30ml)中的溶液中。于室温N2-气氛下搅拌130分钟后,将混合物冷却至0℃,并加入50%H2O2(150μl)。混合物于0℃搅拌2小时,用CH2Cl2(100ml)稀释,并用10%Na2S2O5(30mlx2),水(30ml),饱和NaHCO3(30mlx2)和盐水(30ml)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并真空蒸发。通过快速硅胶色谱,用庚烷-庚烷∶EtOAc(95∶5)-(9∶1)洗脱,得到139mg(21%)标题化合物,为无色液体。
1H NMR(200MHz,CDCl3)δ0.86-0.99(m,6H),1.24-1.42(m,2H),1.46(s,18H),1.54-1.65(m,1H),1.99-2.14(m,4H),2.79-2.83(m,10H),3.85(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),5.23-5.5.42(m,12H);MS(电喷雾);557[M+Na]+。
步骤2:(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇磷酸酯
向(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇二-叔丁基磷酸酯(133mg,0.25mmol)于无水CH2Cl2(25ml)中的溶液中加入CF3COOH(0.26ml,3.40mmol)。搅拌混合物4小时,并真空蒸发。将CH2Cl2(20ml)加入到残余物中,且真空蒸发混合物,得到102mg(97%)标题化合物。
1H NMR(200MHz,CDCl3)δ0.86-0.99(m,6H),1.31-1.45(m,2H),1.62-1.68(m,1H),2.02-2.10(m,4H),2.79-2.83(m,10H),3.97(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),5.23-5.48(m,12H),8.91(bs,2H);MS(电喷雾);421[M-H]-
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇磺酸酯
将吡啶x SO3(45%SO3,0.19g,1.16mmol)加入到(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(0.20g,0.58mmol)在无水THF(10ml)中的溶液中。混合物于环境温度惰性气氛下搅拌18小时,并分配于1M的HCl(20mL)和乙醚(20mL)中。水相用乙醚(20mL)萃取,合并的有机相用盐水(20mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),且真空浓缩。粗制油状物通过短硅胶柱快速色谱(EtOAc,然后10%MeOH于EtOAc中)纯化,且得到0.12g(50%)标题化合物,为淡黄色固体。
1H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3):δ0.86(t,3H),0.94(t,3H),1.23-1.37(m,2H),1.60-1.75(m,1H),1.97-2.11(m,4H),2.70-2.87(m,10H),4.00(d,2H),5.21-5.45(m,12H);MS(电喷雾):421.2[M-H]-。
(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇叔丁基碳酸酯
惰性气氛下,将二-叔丁基焦碳酸酯(0.80g,3.65mmol)加入到(全-Z)-2-乙基-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯-1-醇(0.25g,0.73mmol)和DMAP(0.089g,0.73mmol)在无水CH2Cl2(10ml)中的溶液中。混合物在环境温度下搅拌3小时。然后混合物用CH2Cl2(15mL)稀释,用水(2x15mL)和盐水(15mL)稀释,干燥(Na2SO4)并真空浓缩。粗制油状物首先通过硅胶快速色谱(庚烷∶EtOAc98∶2)纯化,然后通过反相C8硅胶快速色谱(H2O,然后H2O∶CH3CN 50∶50)纯化得到0.016g(5%)标题化合物,为无色油状物。
1H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3):δ0.89(t,3H),0.95(t,3H),1.32-1.40(m,2H),1.46(s,9H),1.60-1.80(m,1H),2.02-2.14(m,4H),2.76-2.85(m,10H),3.95(d,2H),5.23-5.48(m,12H);MS(电喷雾):465.3[M+Na]。
本发明不应限于所示实施方案和实施例。
Claims (76)
2.根据权利要求1的ω-3脂质化合物,其中Y为具有2-6个双键的C16-C22烯基。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中Y为具有2-6个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16-C22烯基。
4.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中Y为具有6个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C20烯基。
5.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中Y为具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C20烯基。
6.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中Y为具有3-5个双键的C16-C20烯基。
7.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中Y为具有3-5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16-C20烯基。
8.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中Y为具有5个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C18烯基。
9.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中Y为具有3个被亚甲基间隔的Z构型双键的C16烯基。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2相同或不同,且选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和正己基。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2相同或不同,且选自甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、仲丁氧基、苯氧基、苄氧基、OCH2CF3和OCH2CH2OCH3。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2相同或不同,且选自烯丙基、2-丁烯基和3-己烯基。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2相同或不同,且选自炔丙基、2-丁炔基和3-己炔基。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2相同或不同,且选自苄基和被取代的苄基。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2相同或不同,且选自甲硫基、乙硫基、异丙硫基和苯硫基。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2为氟。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2相同或不同,且选自甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、丙氧基羰基和丁氧基羰基。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2相同或不同,且选自甲烷亚磺酰基、乙烷亚磺酰基和异丙烷亚磺酰基。
19.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其中所述R1和R2相同或不同,且选自甲基氨基、二甲基氨基、乙基氨基和二乙基氨基。
20.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1和R2不同。
21.根据权利要求20的化合物,其为外消旋形式。
22.根据权利要求20的化合物,其为其R型立体异构体形式。
23.根据权利要求20的化合物,其为其S型立体异构体形式。
25.根据前述权利要求中任一项的化合物,其用作药物或用于皮肤局部制剂的化妆品。
26.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
27.根据权利要求26的药物组合物,其还包含可药用载体、赋形剂或稀释剂,或其任一组合。
28.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,其配制为用于口服给药。
29.根据权利要求26的药物组合物,其为胶囊、药袋、固体或粉末形式。
30.根据权利要求26-29中任一项的药物组合物,其配制为提供1mg-10g的所述化合物的日剂量。
31.根据权利要求30的药物组合物,其配制为提供1mg-1g的所述化合物的日剂量。
32.根据权利要求31的药物组合物,其配制为提供1mg-500mg的所述化合物的日剂量。
33.根据权利要求32的药物组合物,其配制为提供50mg-250mg的所述化合物的日剂量。
34.根据权利要求26-32中任一项的药物组合物,其用作药物。
35.脂质组合物,其包含至少70%的权利要求1-24中任一项的ω-3脂质化合物。
36.根据权利要求34的脂质组合物,其中所述ω-3脂质化合物存在的浓度为脂质组合物的至少60重量%。
37.根据权利要求35的脂质组合物,其中所述ω-3脂质化合物存在的浓度为脂质组合物的至少80重量%。
38.根据权利要求34-36中任一项的脂质组合物,其还包含ω-3多不饱和脂质,其选自(全-Z)-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯-1-醇(EPA)和(全-Z)-6,9,12,15,18-二十一碳五烯-1-醇(HPA)。
39.根据权利要求37的脂质组合物,其中所述ω-3多不饱和脂质以其2-取代的形式存在。
40.根据权利要求34-36中任一项的脂质组合物,其还包含可药用抗氧化剂。
41.根据权利要求39的脂质组合物,其中所述抗氧化剂为生育酚。
42.根据权利要求34-40中任一项的脂质组合物,其用作药物或用于诊断目的。
43.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备与活化或调节至少一种人过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)同工型相关的药物中的用途。
44.根据权利要求42的用途,其中所述过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)为PPARα。
45.根据权利要求43的用途,其中所述过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)为过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)α和/或γ。
46.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防外周胰岛素抵抗和/或糖尿病病症的药物中的用途。
47.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于降低血浆胰岛素、血糖和/或血清甘油三酯的药物中的用途。
48.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防II型糖尿病的药物中的用途。
49.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗甘油三酯水平升高和非-HDL胆固醇水平(LDL和/或VLDL胆固醇水平)升高的药物中的用途。
50.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗高血脂症的药物中的用途。
51.根据权利要求49的用途,其中所述高血脂症为高甘油三酯血症(HTG)。
52.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于增加人血清HDL水平的药物中的用途。
53.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防肥胖或超重病症的药物中的用途。
54.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于降低体重和/或预防体重增加的药物中的用途。
55.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防脂肪肝疾病的药物中的用途。
56.根据权利要求54的用途,其中所述脂肪肝疾病为非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(NAFLD)。
57.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗胰岛素抵抗、血脂过多和/或肥胖或超重病症的药物中的用途。
58.权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防炎性疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
59.治疗和/或预防与至少一种人过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)同工型功能升高相关的病症的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
60.根据权利要求58的方法,其中所述过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)为过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α。
61.根据权利要求59的方法,其中所述过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)为过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α和/或γ。
62.治疗和/或预防外周胰岛素抵抗和/或糖尿病病症的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
63.降低血浆胰岛素、血糖和/或血清甘油三酯的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
64.治疗和/或预防II型糖尿病的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
65.预防和/或治疗甘油三酯水平升高、LDL胆固醇水平升高和/或VLDL胆固醇水平升高的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
66.预防和/或治疗高血脂症的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
67.根据权利要求65的方法,其中所述高血脂症为高甘油三酯血症(HTG)。
68.增加人血清HDL水平的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
69.治疗和/或预防肥胖或超重病症的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
70.降低体重和/或预防体重增加的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
71.治疗和/或预防脂肪肝疾病的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
72.根据权利要求70的方法,其中所述脂肪肝疾病为非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(NAFLD)。
73.治疗胰岛素抵抗、血脂过多和/或肥胖或超重病症的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
74.治疗和/或预防炎性疾病或病症的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
75.治疗和/或预防认知障碍的方法,其包括向有此需要的哺乳动物给药药学活性量的权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物。
76.制备权利要求1-24中任一项的化合物的方法。
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CN (1) | CN101631757A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2667150A1 (zh) |
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WO2009134147A1 (en) * | 2008-05-02 | 2009-11-05 | Pronova Biopharma Norge As | Lipid compositions containing derivatives of epa and dha an their use thereof |
EP2384192B1 (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2017-10-25 | Calanus AS | Biological oil composition, formulations comprising the oil composition, and use thereof to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease |
US20120136053A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-05-31 | Calanus As | Copepod oil composition, formulations comprising the oil composition, and the use thereof to reduce accumulation of visceral fat, improve glucose tolerance, and prevent or treat obesity related diseases and disorders |
KR20200034814A (ko) | 2010-11-05 | 2020-03-31 | 바스프 에이에스 | 지질 화합물을 이용한 치료방법 |
JP6537980B2 (ja) | 2013-02-28 | 2019-07-03 | プロノヴァ・バイオファーマ・ノルゲ・アーエスPronova BioPharma Norge AS | 脂質化合物、トリグリセリドおよび界面活性剤を含む組成物、ならびにその使用方法 |
CA2983377C (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2023-08-29 | Pronova Biopharma Norge As | Use of structurally enhanced fatty acids containing sulphur for preventing and/or treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis |
CN111712240A (zh) | 2017-12-06 | 2020-09-25 | 巴斯夫股份公司 | 用于治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的脂肪酸衍生物 |
WO2019236775A1 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-12 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations V, Inc. | Active agents and methods of their use for the treatment of metabolic disorders and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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US2836628A (en) * | 1955-10-17 | 1958-05-27 | Monsanto Chemicals | Unsaturated branched-chain alcohols and methods of preparing same |
US4132719A (en) * | 1978-04-20 | 1979-01-02 | Mcneilab Inc. | Dibromoalkylglycidic acid derivatives |
US4264517A (en) * | 1978-12-11 | 1981-04-28 | G.D. Searle & Co. | Alkylphenyl 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoates |
US4647685A (en) * | 1985-04-25 | 1987-03-03 | Eli Lilly And Company | 2-alkoxy-1-((2-trialkylaminoethoxy)phosphinyloxy)-alkenes and alkynes, hydroxy inner salts |
GB8819110D0 (en) * | 1988-08-11 | 1988-09-14 | Norsk Hydro As | Antihypertensive drug & method for production |
US5422371A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1995-06-06 | Arch Development Corp. | Methods and compositions for inhibiting 5α-reductase activity |
AU7240398A (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 1999-11-29 | Rolf Berge | Use of non-beta-oxidizable fatty acid analogues for treatment of syndrome-x conditions |
GB9901809D0 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 1999-03-17 | Scarista Limited | Highly purified ethgyl epa and other epa derivatives for psychiatric and neurological disorderes |
CA2512757A1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-08-26 | Galderma Research & Development, S.N.C. | Compounds which are modulators of the ppar-type receptors and their use in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions |
MY146351A (en) * | 2003-05-29 | 2012-08-15 | Schering Plough Ltd | Compositions for treating infection in cattle and swine |
US20060135610A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-22 | Bortz Jonathan D | Cardiovascular compositions |
CN103058867B (zh) * | 2005-05-04 | 2015-03-25 | 普罗诺瓦生物医药挪威公司 | 新的dha衍生物及其作为药物的用途 |
GB0605900D0 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2006-05-03 | Lipigen As | Modulators of nuclear receptors |
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