CN101430197A - System for reconstructing three-dimensional defect shape in column structure by using ultrasonic wave - Google Patents
System for reconstructing three-dimensional defect shape in column structure by using ultrasonic wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN101430197A CN101430197A CNA2008102445108A CN200810244510A CN101430197A CN 101430197 A CN101430197 A CN 101430197A CN A2008102445108 A CNA2008102445108 A CN A2008102445108A CN 200810244510 A CN200810244510 A CN 200810244510A CN 101430197 A CN101430197 A CN 101430197A
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Abstract
A system using three dimensional defective shapes in an ultrasonic reconstructing column structure is characterized by comprising a functional generation module, a module which is input with media parameters and generates single voice-frequency signals that are applicable to detection and has setting center frequency and period, an ultrasonic transceiving module which is taken as an ultrasonic transmitting element to send ultrasonic signals into the measured column, or taken as a ultrasonic receiving element to receive defective reversed echo signals in the measured column, and a dimensional defective shape reconstructing module used for reconstructing the three dimensional defective shape in the column structure according to the defective reversed echo signals in the measured column. The system has the advantages of high reconstructing accuracy, simple operation, low reconstructing cost, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize the method for three-dimensional defect shape in the ultrasound wave reconstruct rod structure, belong to the Non-Destructive Testing field.
Background technology
Along with the development of China's modernization construction, no matter still be that the facility structure safety detection all is a link that can not be ignored aspect the infrastructure construction aspect the high-tech construction.Because rod structure is subjected to the effect of design load in the Service Environment of complexity, and the influence of various sudden external factors and face the accumulation of defect damage degree in the structure.As time goes on, serious damage takes place in the meeting that has, even causes fracture, can produce catastrophic consequence thus.At present there is big difficulty in more to defective qualitative examination in the structure and its contained defective is carried out detection by quantitative.
Ultrasonic detection technology is a kind of under the situation of the structure of not damaging checking matter and usability, utilize hyperacoustic method to disclose its defective inner or surface exists, in the hope of the inherent quality that improves checking matter with a kind of technology of the reliability when using, cause people's extensive concern in recent years.Ultrasound examination is subjected to engineering technical personnel's favor as a kind of not only safety but also economic means.Now, the high sophisticated technology of advancing by leaps and bounds is when the performance to material has proposed requirements at the higher level, require the detection means of material that further improvement is arranged, the needs of quantitative Non-Destructive Testing (Quantitative Non-destructive Test) have been proposed, just not only need detecting material inside whether to have defective, and need the geometric properties (shape, size and orientation) and the material property of definite defective quantitatively, even the active development rule of defective.But, also do not have relevant means can reach this technique effect at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding above-mentioned existing in prior technology deficiency, a kind of system that utilizes three-dimensional defect shape in the ultrasound wave reconstruct rod structure being provided, so that can reconstruct the shape of 3 D defects in the rod structure fast, accurately, at low cost.
The present invention utilizes system's formation of three-dimensional defect shape in the ultrasound wave reconstruct rod structure to comprise:
Function generation module generates the module of setting the centre frequency and the single audio signal in cycle that possesses that is applicable to detection according to the medium parameter of importing;
The ultrasonic transmission/reception module sends ultrasonic signal as the ultrasound wave transmitting element with it in tested post; Or with it as the ultrasound wave receiving element, receive the reflection echo signal of defective in the tested post;
The three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module is according to the reflection echo signal of defective in the tested post, three-dimensional defect shape in the reconstruct rod structure.
Change-over switch module, conversion between mode of operation 1 and mode of operation 2, wherein:
Mode of operation 1: the ultrasonic signal that the function generator module sends is passed to the ultrasonic transmission/reception module;
Mode of operation 2: the defect reflection echoed signal imports the three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module in the rod structure that the ultrasonic transmission/reception module receives.
The design feature of system of the present invention also is:
The ultrasonic transmission/reception module is set in tested rod structure side, in described tested rod structure, produces the compressional wave of propagating along the post xsect, in rod structure, run into the received signal of the echoed signal of defective generation as the ultrasonic transmission/reception module with described compressional wave.
Described ultrasonic transmission/reception module be along interval on the same cross section 10 ° at emission of the signal on tested rod structure surface and the density that receives, longitudinal separation 3mm.
Described ultrasonic transmission/reception module is piezoelectric transducer or single crystal probe.
The circuit structure of described change-over switch module is set to power amplifier and links to each other with electric bridge B1 by a pair of D1 of diode back-to-back, D2 one tunnel, and another road is connected to sensor P2 by a pair of D3 of diode back-to-back, D4 one tunnel earlier, and another road links to each other with electric bridge B2; In the output loop of described electric bridge B2, be connected in parallel another to diode D5, D6 back-to-back.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention utilizes three-dimensional defect shape in the ultrasound wave reconstruct rod structure, is Non-Destructive Testing, need not destroy structure; For the column structure that contains 3 D defects, utilize ultrasonic probe to extract fault location reflection echo signal, reconstruct defect shape after signal Processing; Accuracy in detection height, error can engineering demands, and it is low to detect cost.
2, system operation of the present invention is simple, and labor strength is little, and is low to operator's technical merit requirement.
3, the present invention has very important engineering meaning for the detection of the typical structures such as bar of the column that is widely used in actual engineering, can both embody its application prospects in aircraft, spacecraft, ocean platform, novel bridge, grid structure, skyscraper etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the mobile terminal device module diagram of this method.
Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b are respectively and utilize system of the present invention, stimulating frequency is the time domain waveform figure and the spectrogram of cylindrical cavity reflection echo in the 1.31MHz rod structure.
The testing conditions that Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b are respectively in the function generator module of the inventive method is set window and is sent waveform selection/display window.
Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional defect shape testing result display window of this method.
Fig. 5 is the control method process flow diagram.
Fig. 6 is change-over switch module circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the system's formation in the present embodiment mainly comprises:
Function generation module generates the module of setting the centre frequency and the single audio signal in cycle that possesses that is applicable to detection according to the medium parameter of importing, and can adopt high-performance single-chip microcomputer and high speed D/A switch chip to constitute, and also can be realized by dsp chip.
The ultrasonic transmission/reception module sends ultrasonic signal as the ultrasound wave transmitting element with it in tested post; Or with it as the ultrasound wave receiving element, receive the reflection echo signal of defective in the tested post; Can adopt piezoelectric transducer or single crystal probe, such as adopting piezoelectric transducer, piezoelectric transducer is positioned over the side of rod structure, by couplant such as vaseline etc. and rod structure contacts side surfaces, in tested rod structure, produce the compressional wave of propagating along the post xsect, in rod structure, run into the received signal of the echoed signal of defective generation as the ultrasonic transmission/reception module with compressional wave.
The three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module is according to the reflection echo signal of defective in the tested post, three-dimensional defect shape in the reconstruct rod structure.
Change-over switch module, conversion between mode of operation 1 and mode of operation 2, wherein:
Mode of operation 1: the ultrasonic signal that the function generator module sends is passed to the ultrasonic transmission/reception module;
Mode of operation 2: the defect reflection echoed signal imports the three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module in the rod structure that the ultrasonic transmission/reception module receives.
In concrete the enforcement, system's setting also includes:
Power amplifier module is made of prime amplifier and integrated power amplifier, is used to amplify the waveform signal that is produced by function generation module, and is transferred to the ultrasonic transmission/reception module by switch;
The gain amplification module is used for received rod structure defect reflection echoed signal is amplified, and maximum magnification can reach 60dB.
Wave analysis and display module, by analysis to reflection echo signal, extract the defect reflection echoed signal, and this signal waveform shown the three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module imports software of calculation by the echoed signal with wave analysis and display module and calculates and show three-dimensional defect shape.
The concrete course of work is: the ultrasonic transmission/reception module is placed in tested rod structure side, with rod structure medium correlation parameter input function generator module, the function generator module is chosen the signal that is fit to this parameter from self reservoir data storehouse, and generation pulse signal, after power amplifier module amplifies, put on the ultrasonic transmission/reception module via change-over switch module again, the ultrasonic transmission/reception module produces a compressional wave of propagating along the post xsect in rod structure, this compressional wave runs into the defective generation in rod structure echoed signal is transferred to the ultrasonic transmission/reception module again, the ultrasonic transmission/reception module is transferred to the gain amplification module by change-over switch module with this signal, send into wave analysis and display module behind the gain amplification module amplifying signal, wave analysis and display module are by analyzing reflection echo signal, form with data is stored in the storer, in order to analyzing and processing, extract the signal at defect reflection echo place, echoed signal is imported the three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module, calculate and show the shape of 3 D defects.
Referring to Fig. 6, change-over switch module is made up of stabilized voltage supply and change-over circuit.
Stabilized voltage supply provides positive and negative 15 volts DC voltage-stabilizing for change-over circuit, the circuit structure of change-over switch module is set to power amplifier and links to each other with electric bridge B1 by a pair of D1 of diode back-to-back, D2 one tunnel, another road is connected to sensor P2 by a pair of D3 of diode back-to-back, D4 one tunnel earlier, and another road links to each other with electric bridge B2; In the output loop of described electric bridge B2, be connected in parallel another to diode D5, D6 back-to-back.
The function of this circuit is under the situation of not using relay, finishes the conversion of excitation receiving mode automatically.Relay itself has intrinsic noise, can produce impulsive noise by a relatively large margin when relay disconnects and be closed, forms spurious signal, and it can damage the receiving equipment of follow-up precision simultaneously.This circuit utilizes the combination of electric bridge and diode to realize the closure of similar relay, the automatic conversion between the disconnection.
Change-over switch module as shown in Figure 6, power amplifier is by a pair of back-to-back 1N4004 diode D1, D2, B1 links to each other with electric bridge, the effect of isolated power amplifier is played in this loop when received signal.The noise that 1N4004 diode pair power amplifier produces is a kind of high impedance, can reduce the interference to received signal of high-power input signal noise.When the input pulse signal that comes from power amplifier during greater than 1.2Vp-p, electric bridge B1 reverse bias, it is sensor P2 that signal arrives the ultrasonic transmission/reception module by two groups of diode D3, D4, produce ultrasonic signal, electric bridge B2 reverse bias, have only few pumping signal to arrive next stage by electric bridge B2, back to back one group of diode D5, D6 have metering function to the pumping signal of leaking, and will arrive the signal limitations of rear end in a tolerable scope.When sensor P2 received signal, received signal is fainter, and diode D3, D4 become high impedance, and the biasing resistor of electric bridge B2 is chosen as 2k, makes the impedance of electric bridge very little, thereby makes most received signals can both be by reaching next stage.The signal of ultrasonic exciting and reception just is separated and comes like this, realizes the automatic conversion of excitation receiving mode.
The effect of switch is in testing process, same group of sensor will be finished the dual role of signal excitation and reception, need change-over switch module to press signaling zone separately high voltage signal more than the 70V that motivates and the received following light current of 500mV, give the ultrasonic transmission/reception module with high voltage signal, and press signal to send the gain amplification module to light current.
Rod structure length shown in Figure 1 is that 33cm, diameter are 15cm, aluminium matter right cylinder, and density is 2700kg/m
3, longitudinal wave velocity is 6320m/s.It includes diameter is 10mm, and length is the hole of 10cm.
1, shown in Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b), in the correlation parameter input function generator module inputting interface with aluminium matter rod structure, function generation module selects to be fit to the pulse ultrasonic wave signal according to input parameter from self reservoir data storehouse.In this enforcement, the function generator module produces the single audio frequency sinusoidal signal that frequency is 1.31MHz.Its voltage peak is 200V after power amplifier module carries out the electric current amplification, puts on the ultrasonic transmission/reception module through change-over switch module, produces compressional wave in tested aluminium matter rod structure;
2, above-mentioned compressional wave runs into defective generation reflection in aluminium matter rod structure, and the ultrasonic transmission/reception module receives the echoed signal of compressional wave, through change-over switch module, and by behind the gain amplification module amplified current signal, sends into wave analysis and display module;
3, wave analysis and display module extract the signal at defect reflection echo place by analyzing reflection echo signal, and this echo waveform is shown.The three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module imports software of calculation with the echoed signal of wave analysis and display module, calculates the back and shows three-dimensional defect shape, and process as shown in Figure 5.
The reflection configuration of Fig. 4 for being received under the 1.31MHz frequency.The first reflection echo time is 0.00427ms, the rest may be inferred every 10 ° along the excitation of same cross section and receive once, vertically carrying out aforesaid operations every 3mm, successively corresponding reflection echo data importing software for calculation is calculated, finally reconstruct the 3D shape of defective, as shown in Figure 2.
The control procedure of three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module is:
Import the flaw echo data and carry out fast fourier transform;
Carry out the circulation assignment of array one by one, i.e. the circulation assignment procedure of two-dimensional array;
Amplitude to frequency spectrum is handled;
Wherein the respective formula that the amplitude of frequency spectrum is handled is as follows
In the formula, E
RefThe reflection coefficient of representing free plane; O
Ref(f) and O
SC(f) represent respective value after reference signal and the signal Fourier conversion that records respectively.
Integral function carries out discretize and finds the solution;
Wherein the expression formula of integral function is as follows
In the formula, φ represents the number of degrees of scattering angle; k
LExpression compressional wave wave number;
Expression scattering amplitude; u
0The expression amplitude.
Reconstruct defect shape in the appointed area.
Claims (5)
1, utilize the system of three-dimensional defect shape in the ultrasound wave reconstruct rod structure, its feature comprises in its system constitutes:
Function generation module generates the module of setting the centre frequency and the single audio signal in cycle that possesses that is applicable to detection according to the medium parameter of importing;
The ultrasonic transmission/reception module sends ultrasonic signal as the ultrasound wave transmitting element with it in tested post; Or with it as the ultrasound wave receiving element, receive the reflection echo signal of defective in the tested post;
The three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module is according to the reflection echo signal of defective in the tested post, three-dimensional defect shape in the reconstruct rod structure.
Change-over switch module, conversion between mode of operation 1 and mode of operation 2, wherein:
Mode of operation 1: the ultrasonic signal that function generation module sends is passed to the ultrasonic transmission/reception module;
Mode of operation 2: the defect reflection echoed signal imports the three-dimensional defect shape reconstructed module in the rod structure that the ultrasonic transmission/reception module receives.
2, the system that utilizes three-dimensional defect shape in the ultrasound wave reconstruct rod structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being provided with the ultrasonic transmission/reception module in tested rod structure side, in described tested rod structure, produce the compressional wave of propagating along the post xsect, in rod structure, run into the received signal of the echoed signal of defective generation as the ultrasonic transmission/reception module with described compressional wave.
3, the system that utilizes three-dimensional defect shape in the ultrasound wave reconstruct rod structure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described ultrasonic transmission/reception module is 10 ° along interval on the same cross section, longitudinal separation 3mm at the signal emission on tested rod structure surface with the density that receives.
4, the system that utilizes three-dimensional defect shape in the ultrasound wave reconstruct rod structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that described ultrasonic transmission/reception module is piezoelectric transducer or single crystal probe.
5, the system that utilizes three-dimensional defect shape in the ultrasound wave reconstruct rod structure according to claim 1, the circuit structure that it is characterized in that described change-over switch module is set to power amplifier and links to each other with electric bridge B1 by a pair of D1 of diode back-to-back, D2 one tunnel, another road is connected to sensor P2 by a pair of D3 of diode back-to-back, D4 one tunnel earlier, and another road links to each other with electric bridge B2; In the output loop of described electric bridge B2, be connected in parallel another to diode D5, D6 back-to-back.
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| CNA2008102445108A CN101430197A (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2008-11-19 | System for reconstructing three-dimensional defect shape in column structure by using ultrasonic wave |
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| CNA2008102445108A CN101430197A (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2008-11-19 | System for reconstructing three-dimensional defect shape in column structure by using ultrasonic wave |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102980539A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-03-20 | 河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Method for measuring thicknesses of metal layer and oxide layer of wall of boiler heating surface tube |
| CN112305078A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-02 | 安徽理工大学 | Reconstruction method of defect three-dimensional shape in columnar body |
-
2008
- 2008-11-19 CN CNA2008102445108A patent/CN101430197A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102980539A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-03-20 | 河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Method for measuring thicknesses of metal layer and oxide layer of wall of boiler heating surface tube |
| CN112305078A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-02 | 安徽理工大学 | Reconstruction method of defect three-dimensional shape in columnar body |
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Open date: 20090513 |