CN101340884A - 用于治疗多汗症的方法 - Google Patents
用于治疗多汗症的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101340884A CN101340884A CNA2006800479700A CN200680047970A CN101340884A CN 101340884 A CN101340884 A CN 101340884A CN A2006800479700 A CNA2006800479700 A CN A2006800479700A CN 200680047970 A CN200680047970 A CN 200680047970A CN 101340884 A CN101340884 A CN 101340884A
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- treatment
- tolterodine
- oxibutynin
- hyperhidrosis
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Abstract
本发明总的来说涉及治疗出汗疾患的方法,特别是涉及用于治疗多汗症的局部用组合物。本发明的方法涉及组合物的局部应用,该组合物包含治疗上有效量的奥昔布宁、托特罗定或取代的苯甲酰胺如舒必利。
Description
技术领域
本发明总的来说涉及治疗出汗疾患的方法,特别是涉及用于治疗多汗症的局部用组合物。本发明的方法涉及组合物的局部应用,该组合物包含治疗上有效量的奥昔布宁、托特罗定或取代的苯甲酰胺如舒必利。
背景技术
人的分泌腺主要被分为2个类型:顶泌的和外分泌的。外分泌腺以更高的密度位于脚掌和前额上,其次是手掌和面颊。顶泌汗腺主要位于腋窝和泌尿生殖器的区域。第三种类型的腺,称作顶外泌腺(apoeccrine glands),其在青春期发育而且主要存在于腋窝和肛周区。顶泌和顶外泌腺可能是形成特有的外激素气味的原因,但其不参与温度的调节。
外分泌腺出汗是身体温度调节的主要手段。外分泌腺被发现遍布在身体的真皮和表皮中,除了肢体的边缘、性器官和耳鼓。汗腺是由交感神经系统神经支配的,而且当身体的内部温度超出下丘脑设定点时,交感反射激活引起汗产量增加;汗的蒸发导致体温的降低。
多汗症
多汗症,超出了正常温度调节所需的过度出汗,是一种通常始于童年或青春期的病症。患有多汗症的人出汗超过了冷却身体至正常温度所需的出汗。当出汗发生在下列情况时:通常不期望时或者对情绪或热刺激反应过度时,即可诊断为该疾患。这种病症可以是先天性的(亦称作原发性或自发的多汗症)或者是其他疾病、代谢紊乱、热性疾病或药物使用所继发的。多汗症影响约1%的人口,而且包括了两种性别以及所有人种的人(综述于Cheshire和Freeman,2003)。
原发性多汗症是比继发性多汗症更常发生的病症,而且通常集中于手、足、腋窝或者这些的组合。紧张和焦虑可以引起或加剧出汗,但是心理学的/精神病学的障碍只是该疾患的极少见起因。
受多汗症影响的身体主要部位,以及相关的命名,包括:
●手掌,称作手掌多汗症;
●脚掌,称作足底多汗症;
●腋窝,称作腋窝多汗症;
●头部,称作头皮和面部多汗症;
●躯干或大腿,称作躯干或大腿多汗症;
●唇、鼻和前额,称作味觉多汗症;
许多个体患有上述类别的组合。
出汗过度引起窘迫和不舒服,而且可导致受治疗者的情感性痛苦和职业性无能。另外,多汗症可加剧皮肤的疾患如皮炎和湿疹,而且可导致过量的体液从身体损失和电解质从身体损失。
现行的多汗症治疗
现行的多汗症治疗是针对症状的治疗,除非生理学起因被明确。在患有原发性多汗症的患者中或在患有继发性多汗症患者中,对于大量出汗的症状性治疗是不可治疗的,除非治疗包括了局部注射肉毒杆菌毒素、外科手术除去汗腺、含有铝的局部用除臭剂、抗胆碱能药物的系统性应用以及用电流治疗。
肉毒杆菌毒素注射已被证明在治疗多汗症中具有一些功效,由于它们在神经肌肉接点处以及在汗腺中神经节后交感胆碱能神经中的抗胆碱能作用。例如,BOTOX的适应症为治疗重度原发性腋窝多汗症。对于治疗身体其他部位包括手掌和背部的过度出汗,药剂如BOTOX实际上是无效的。美国专利第6,683,049号涉及一种用肉毒杆菌毒素注射治疗过度出汗的方法。
镇静药和/或抗胆碱能药物在减少出汗方面是有效的,但是实现减少出汗所需的剂量也引起不良副作用包括口干、便秘、视觉模糊、性交能力下降、食欲不振、恶心、嗜睡、感觉体温升高等。大多数局部化或全身化多汗症的患者不能耐受它们更长时间。
另一种治疗选择是离子电渗疗法,它需要应用低强度的电流(15-18mA),应用于浸入电解质溶液中的手掌和/或脚掌。弊端是可数的,包括需要重复治疗、成本高、中断后出汗的复发、难于应用到腋窝区域以及在治疗面部或躯干/大腿区域的扩散性多汗症方面的不实际性。副作用包括灼热、电击、不适、刺痛感以及皮肤刺激。离子电渗疗法还可在治疗剂存在下实施。例如,国际专利申请公布号WO 00/54834公开了一种出汗控制系统,该系统提供的离子电渗疗法使止汗剂进入了身体的区域。
外科手术除去汗腺,包括用于原发性多汗症的胸腔镜检查法,是一种可供选择的治疗,对受治疗者产生一些缓解,但是可产生不想要的副作用,包括补偿性出汗。催眠术和激光疗法是另外的治疗选择,对受治疗者产生一些缓解。
某些对治疗多汗症有用的药物组合物是已知的。例如,美国专利第5,730,964号教导了一种治疗出汗相关病症的方法,该方法包括口服或局部地施用一种治疗上有效量的5α-还原酶抑制剂。美国专利第6,433,003号教导了一种用于治疗多汗症的方法,该方法包括局部地施用一种包含0.25%至6%格隆溴铵化合物的组合物。美国专利第5,258,388号教导了作为散瞳剂和作为止汗剂有用的新抗胆碱能/抗分泌剂。
美国专利申请公开号20040192754提供了用于治疗先天性多汗症的方法,该方法包括对患者施用降低5-HT2C受体活性的化合物。包含5-HT2C受体拮抗剂的组合物可与止汗剂、安定剂以及抗胆碱能剂同时施用。
国际专利申请公布号WO 2004/040660公开了用于治疗皮肤皱纹和多汗症的组合物,该组合物包含抑制乙酰胆碱释放的柠檬苦素类(liminoid)成分。
奥昔布宁
美国专利第5,900,250号教导了一种用于治疗神经源性膀胱障碍的方法,该方法包括以治疗上有效的速度对一定面积的皮肤施用奥昔布宁;同时对该面积的皮肤施用一种足以基本上提高该面积对药物渗透性的渗透促进剂。美国专利第4,747,845号教导了一种用于延长药物释放持续时间的透皮合成树脂基质系统,而且奥昔布宁被列为可被掺入这种系统的一种药剂。包含奥昔布宁的透皮组合物和透皮贴片被证明在治疗尿失禁方面是有效的(Dull,2004)。口服奥昔布宁被证实在治疗相对稀少的、伴有低体温的偶发性多汗症综合症方面是有用的(LeWitt,1988)。
各种渗透促进剂已被报道,用于奥昔布宁的透皮系统给药。例如,美国专利第5,411,740、5,500,222和5,614,211号每个都教导了一种作为渗透促进剂的脂肪酸单甘油酯或其混合物,用于奥昔布宁透皮治疗系统。美国专利第6,267,984号公开了皮肤渗透促进剂组合物,其包含一种用于奥昔布宁透皮递送的棕榈酸单甘油酯和乙酯。美国专利第5,747,065号公开了一种单甘油酯和乳酸酯的组合,作为奥昔布宁的渗透促进混合物。
美国专利第5,843,468号描述了一种单月桂酸甘油酯与乙酸月桂酯的双重渗透促进剂混合物,其用于特别是奥昔布宁的透皮给药。美国专利第6,004,578号公开了渗透促进剂,其选自聚乙二醇单烷基醚的烷基或芳基羧酸酯与聚乙二醇烷基羧甲基醚所组成的组,用于特别是奥昔布宁的透皮药物递送。美国专利第6,562,368号公开了氢氧化物释放剂增加皮肤或粘膜组织对透皮施用奥昔布宁的渗透性的用途。
国际专利申请公布号WO 2005/107812涉及一种用于增强抗胆碱能药系统性递送的透皮组合物,该组合物包括在载体系统中的含脲化合物。
托特罗定(Detrol,Detrusitol)是另一种抗胆碱能药,用于治疗排尿困难,包括尿频和无力控制排尿。美国专利第6,517,864和7,008,637号教导了托特罗定作为抗毒蕈碱药透皮施用治疗尿失禁的用途。
舒必利(Modal,Dolmatil,Dogmatyl,Sulpitil)是一种取代的苯甲酰胺类精神抑制药,用于治疗紧张、眩晕、恶心、呕吐、高血压、肠易激综合症和溃疡。美国专利第4,751,236号教导了舒必利用于治疗生殖器疱疹的用途;美国专利第5,908,853号教导了一种H2激动剂与舒必利组合用于治疗勃起障碍的用途。
上面的公开内容既没有教导也没有启示奥昔布宁、托特罗定或取代的苯甲酰胺药物的局部给药,用以治疗多汗症。
仍然存在一种未满足的对于出汗和出汗过度包括多汗症的治疗需要,它是非侵害性的,排除了不想要的副作用,易于施用而且对患者而言是划算的。
发明概述
本发明首次提出了用于治疗与过度产生汗包括多汗症相关病症的方法,其包括皮肤病学组合物的局部施用,该组合物包含一种选自奥昔布宁、托特罗定以及取代的苯甲酰胺如舒必利所组成组的治疗剂。本发明涉及预料不到的发现,即某些已知抗胆碱的和取代的苯甲酰胺治疗剂当局部地施用时在治疗多汗症方面是有效的。所述治疗剂的局部应用避免了任何不想要的、口服或透皮给药遇到的系统性作用。
更预料不到地发现了,托特罗定或舒必利的口服递送缓解了多汗症。
一方面,本发明提供了一种用于治疗选自多汗症、排汗以及顶泌出汗所组成组的出汗相关疾患的方法,其中所述方法包括局部地对所需这种治疗的受治疗者施用一种皮肤病学组合物,该组合物包含治疗上有效量的至少一种选自奥昔布宁、托特罗定以及取代的苯甲酰胺所组成组的活性剂;以及皮肤病学上可接受的赋形剂或载体。
在各种实施方案中,局部用组合物的基本成分是选自由奥昔布宁、托特罗定以及它们两个组合所组成的组。在某些实施方案中,皮肤病学组合物包含奥昔布宁。在其他的实施方案中,皮肤病学组合物包含托特罗定。在其他的实施方案中,取代的苯甲酰胺是舒必利。
在一些实施方案中,组合物是以下列形式而提供的,该形式选自由含水溶液、非含水溶液、洗剂、乳膏、凝胶、油、软膏、泡沫、摩丝、喷雾剂、乳剂以及微乳所组成的组。
在一些实施方案中,组合物是一种凝胶,其包含治疗上有效量的活性剂,该活性剂选自奥昔布宁和托特罗定。在一些实施方案中,奥昔布宁是以约0.01%至约5%(每体积的重量;w/v)的浓度而提供的。在一些优选的实施方案中,奥昔布宁是以约0.1%至约1%(w/v)的浓度而提供的。
在一些实施方案中,托特罗定是以约0.002%至约2%(w/v)的浓度而提供的。在一些优选的实施方案中,托特罗定是以约0.02%至约0.2%(w/v)的浓度而提供的。在一些实施方案中,组合物包含奥昔布宁与托特罗定的组合。
在一些实施方案中,组合物包含约0.01%至约5%(w/v)的奥昔布宁作为活性剂;以一种凝胶制剂的形式。在其他的实施方案中,组合物包含约0.1%的奥昔布宁(w/v)。优选的制剂是一种包含库拉索芦荟(aloe vera)提取物的凝胶。
在各种实施方案中,组合物在凝胶制剂中包含约0.002%至约2%(w/v)。在另外的实施方案中,组合物包含约0.02%至约0.2%(w/v)的托特罗定。优选的制剂是一种凝胶。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种用于治疗多汗症的方法,其包括对所需这种治疗的受治疗者施用一种组合物,该组合物包含治疗上有效量的托特罗定或取代的苯甲酰胺药剂中的任何一种。在优选的实施方案中,取代的苯甲酰胺药剂是舒必利。在优选的实施方案中,组合物是经口服或口腔而施用的。
本发明进一步提供了一种化合物用于制备治疗多汗症的药物的用途,所述的化合物选自奥昔布宁、托特罗定和取代的苯甲酰胺药剂。在一些实施方案中,化合物是选自奥昔布宁、托特罗定和舒必利,用于局部用药物的制备。在其他实施方案中,化合物是选自托特罗定和舒必利,用于治疗多汗症药物的制备。
另一方面,本发明提供了通常毗邻(juxtaposed)于身体的物品种类中的一种物品,所述的物品包含治疗上有效量的治疗剂,该治疗剂选自由奥昔布宁、托特罗定和舒必利组成的组。
在一些实施方案中,物品是选自鞋垫、鞋里衬、短袜、长袜、手套、汗带、腋下衬垫和内衣所组成的组。
结合随后的描述和权利要求,本发明的这些和其他实施方案会变得更明白。
发明的详述
本发明首次提出了一种有效且安全的局部施用药物组合物,该组合物包含一种选自奥昔布宁和托特罗定的抗胆碱能药剂。本发明进一步地首次公开了取代的苯甲酰胺舒必利是治疗多汗症有效药物的发现。
本发明提供了一种用于治疗多汗症和其他出汗相关疾患的方法,其包括局部地对所需这种治疗的受治疗者施用一种治疗上有效量的活性剂,所述活性剂选自奥昔布宁、托特罗定和取代的苯甲酰胺。
应当明确地理解为,已知的药物组合物被排除在本发明之外。
定义
为了便利和清楚,说明书、实施例和权利要求书中所用的某些术语被描述于此。
“多汗症”是指一种疾病,特征在于维持热动态平衡所需生理数量的过度排汗。原发性或先天性多汗症和继发性多汗症是两种主要类别。
继发性多汗症可由各种潜在的病症引起。社交焦虑障碍和其他精神病病症与多汗症相联合也已有报道。另外,继发性多汗症可能是某种处方药和非处方药的副作用(发汗剂)。
掌跖多汗症是一种常见病症,其中手掌(手掌的)和脚底(足底的)的外分泌(汗)腺异乎寻常地分泌大量的汗。先天性掌跖多汗症始于童年而且常常光顾家庭。外分泌腺遍布身体大部,但是在手掌和脚掌中密度最大。多汗症患者具有正常的汗腺但是可能具有对情感刺激增强的反应(Wenzel和Horn,1998)。
术语“透皮的”药物递送是指治疗剂的递送是经过受治疗者的皮肤表面或粘膜进入受治疗者血流中,藉此提供系统性作用。
术语“局部给药(施用)”或“局部递送”是指治疗剂递送至皮肤或粘膜,藉此提供局部的而非系统性作用。局部给药目的是赋予皮肤的作用,同时保持药物的药理作用局部化于接触的皮肤内区域。理想地,局部递送发生微不足道的或根本没发生系统性吸收或者积聚。
受治疗者是指哺乳动物,优选地是指人。
如这里所用的,用语“有效量”和“治疗上有效量”描述了药剂足以基本上预防、消除或抑制多汗症的数量。
这里,术语“治疗”包括消除、基本上抑制、减缓、基本上改善临床症状或预防多汗症。如这里所用的,用语“皮肤病学上可接受的载体”是指一种载体或一种稀释剂,它不引起对皮肤的显著性刺激而且不会消除所用治疗剂的生物活性和性质。
在本发明上下文中有用的皮肤病学上可接受载体的实例包括,但不限于含水的和非含水的药剂。适合的载体包括库拉索芦荟凝胶和组合物,该组合物包括库拉索芦荟提取物或库拉索芦荟凝胶;醇、尿囊素、甘油、维生素A和E油、矿物油、PPG2、肉豆蔻基丙酸酯乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、磷酸钙、藻酸盐、黄芪胶、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、无菌水、糖浆和甲基纤维素。
在一些实施方案中,优选的载体是一种凝胶制剂,它含有库拉索芦荟提取物或库拉索芦荟凝胶。
制剂可进一步地包括润滑剂、润湿剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂和助悬剂和或防腐剂。
本发明的组合物可被配制成制剂,以便在利用本领域已知的制剂施用于患者之后提供治疗剂的即刻、持续或延时释放。
本发明治疗剂的适合制剂包括乳剂、乳膏、含水溶液、油、软膏、糊剂、固体棒剂、凝胶、洗剂、奶液、泡沫、香波、肥皂和混悬剂。
成分的明智选择使得活性剂可递送,无论活性成分是水溶的,水溶性差的还是水不溶的。根据本发明,还可将各自独立地为水溶的或不溶的活性成分相组合。对于溶解性较差成分的制剂问题,有多种可用的解决方案,用于改善药物的生物利用度,包括应用表面活性剂、胶束溶液、乳剂、微乳和有机共溶剂,如在皮肤病学制剂领域中熟知的。
在一些实施方案中,皮肤病学上可接受的载体是亲水性载体。在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物是基于含水的凝胶或泡沫。在一些实施方案中,组合物包含水包油的乳剂或微乳。
在另外一些实施方案中,皮肤病学上可接受的载体是亲脂性载体。在某些实施方案中,组合物是基于脂类的软膏或摩丝。在一些实施方案中,组合物包含油包水的乳剂。
本发明皮肤病学上可接受的载体可包括,例如,增稠剂、软化剂、乳化剂、保湿剂、表面活性剂、助悬剂、成膜剂、助泡剂、防腐剂、防泡剂、香料、低级单醇的聚醇、推进剂、着色剂、颜料、或者它们的混合物。
本发明的组合物可以用本领域熟知的工艺来制造,例如,借助常规的混合、溶解、造粒、牵引机制作(dragger-making)、研磨、乳化、包封、包埋或冻干工艺。
因此,依据本发明使用的组合物可以常规方式配制,应用一种或多种生理学上可接受的载体包括赋形剂和辅助剂,它们有助于将活性化合物加工成可药用的制品。
奥昔布宁
奥昔布宁(Ditropan,4-二乙氨基丁-2-炔基2-环己基-2-羟基-2-苯基-乙醇酯)是一种止痉挛的、抗胆碱能药,用于过动性膀胱的治疗,症状为急性尿失禁、尿急、和尿频。奥昔布宁对平滑肌发挥直接的止痉挛作用而且抑制平滑肌上的乙酰胆碱的毒蕈碱作用。在骨骼神经肌肉接头或自主神经节未发生阻滞作用(抗烟碱的作用)。包含奥昔布宁的口服和透皮两种组合物被规定用于治疗失禁。本发明包括了奥昔布宁的盐,包括盐酸奥昔布宁。
托特罗定
托特罗定(Detrol,Detrusitol,2-[3-[双(1-甲基乙基)氨基]-1-苯基-丙基]-4-甲基-苯酚)是一种竞争性毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂。托特罗定的主要作用是增多残余尿、反射膀胱的不完全排空,以及降低逼尿肌压力,这与下尿道上的抗毒蕈碱作用一致。
在口服给药后,托特罗定在肝中被代谢,导致形成5-羟甲基托特罗定衍生物,一种主要的药理学活性代谢物。托特罗定和5-羟甲基代谢物都表现对毒蕈碱受体的高特异性,因为它们都显示对其他神经递质受体和其他潜在细胞靶诸如钙通道的无足轻重活性或亲合性。
托特罗定及其活性代谢物5-羟甲基托特罗定,都在毒蕈碱受体上作为竞争性拮抗剂而起作用。这导致膀胱收缩的抑制、逼尿肌压力降低,以及膀胱的不完全排空。
舒必利及取代的苯甲酰胺
舒必利,是具有化学名N-[(1-乙基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基]-2-甲氧基-5-氨磺酰基-苯甲酰胺的取代苯甲酰胺的通用名,用于治疗精神分裂症。舒必利是一种具有抗精神病和抗抑郁活性的选择性多巴胺D2拮抗剂。其他的苯甲酰胺衍生物包括甲氧氯普胺、泰必利和舒托必利。
舒必利,主要作为多巴胺D2拮抗剂而起作用,它比阻滞多巴胺D1和D2受体的大多数其他安定药选择性更好。
制剂
本发明的组合物包含皮肤病学上或化妆品上可接受的载体,该载体用作奥昔布宁、托特罗定或舒必利或者它们组合的稀释剂、分散剂或媒介物,当组合物被应用于皮肤上时以便于它们的分布。化合物可被配成适于应用至受治疗者的手、足包括脚掌、面部、头皮、颈部、躯干、背部、肢体、腋窝和/或腹股沟。
媒介物不是水或除水之外,包括液态或固态的软化剂、溶剂、保湿剂和增稠剂。本发明可以下列形式配制成用于局部给药,该形式为含水溶液或非含水溶液、洗剂、乳膏、凝胶、油、软膏、泡沫、摩丝、喷雾剂、乳剂、微乳、香波、肥皂等。
本发明的皮肤病学组合物优选地不含渗透促进剂。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物是单相的组合物,即组合物包含单一溶剂体系,诸如凝胶。制剂的非限定性实例如下:
凝胶和固体
在一种实施方案中,凝胶组合物包含库拉索芦荟凝胶。库拉索芦荟(A.barbadensis)植物可被分离成两种基本产物:凝胶和胶乳。库拉索芦荟凝胶或提取物是叶浆或黏液,一种从构成叶子内部的软组织中获得的稀薄澄清果冻样物质。凝胶含有碳水化合物聚合物,诸如葡甘露聚糖或果胶酸,外加各种其他的有机和无机化合物。芦荟凝胶已被用于局部治疗创伤、小的烧伤和皮肤刺激。
包含库拉索芦荟提取物的凝胶被证明作为一种奥昔布宁和托特罗定载体是高度有效的。在一种优选的实施方案中,组合物包含0.1%w/w的奥昔布宁和一种含有库拉索芦荟提取物的皮肤病学载体。
凝胶组合物可以通过简单地将适宜的增稠剂混合到前面所述溶液或混悬液组合物中而配制。适宜增稠剂的实例包括,但不限于:交联羧基聚亚甲基聚合物、乙基纤维素、聚乙二醇、黄芪胶、刺梧桐树胶、黄原胶、斑脱土及其他黏土;羟烷基纤维素,包括羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素。凝胶化组合物包含有效浓度的活性剂;如前所述,有机溶剂为约5%至约75%;增稠剂为约0.5%至约20%,和其余为水、另一种含水载体或载体组合。
固体形式的组合物可被配制为棒型组合物,目的是用于皮肤。固体还含有约50%至约98%的前述软化剂。这种组合物可进一步包含约1%至约20%的适宜增稠剂,以及,必要时,乳化剂和水或缓冲剂。关于洗剂的前述增稠剂是适于以固体形式而应用于组合物中的。
其他的成分,诸如包括对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的防腐剂、香料、染料等等,本领域已知这些成分为施用于皮肤的组合物提供想要的稳定性、香气或颜色,或其他所需性质。
配制为溶液或混悬液的组合物可被直接地应用于皮肤,或者配制成气溶胶并作为喷雾、泡沫或摩丝而应用于皮肤。气溶胶组合物进一步地包含约20%至80%、优选地30%至50%的适宜的推进剂。这种推进剂的实例为氯化、氟化和氯氟化的较低分子量的烃。一氧化二氮、二氧化碳、丁烷和丙烷同样地可用作推进剂气体。如本领域已知的,这些推进剂是以一定数量和在适宜将容器内容物抛出的压力下而使用的。对于加压的气溶胶,剂量单位可通过提供阀门从而递送计量的数量来确定。
在其他的实施方案中,本发明配制为溶液、混悬液、洗剂和凝胶的组合物被配制成用于皮肤应用的泡沫或摩丝。
泡沫与摩丝
在某些实施方案中,泡沫或摩丝制剂是优选的。如这里所用的,术语“泡沫”或“摩丝”被定义为包含蜂窝状形式的任何轻量材料,它是通过将气泡引入液体中而制造的。
本发明的药物组合物,以及应用这些组合物所制备的药品,可以用本领域已知的、生产泡沫或摩丝的方法来改变成泡沫或摩丝的形式。这类方法的详细描述参见例如:美国专利申请公开文本20040057922、20020018812;以及美国专利第6,730,288、5,369,131号;国际专利申请公布第WO 2004/037225号,全部地通过引用并入本文。在一些实施方案中,当将可成泡沫的组合物置于气溶胶容器中并且与液化气体推进剂组合时,释放治疗上有益的泡沫或摩丝产物。在其他的实施方案中,组合物可被配制为非气溶胶的泡沫,例如在不含推进剂的分配器中。
香波与肥皂
本发明的组合物可进一步地被配制成用作头皮治疗、香波或沐浴露。用作香波或肥皂的组合物的非限定性实例见于美国专利第5,510,120号,它公开了一种局部应用于皮肤和或毛发的化妆品组合物,该组合物包含选自微胶囊和脂质体所组成组的、结合了凝集素的粒子。
软膏
软膏提供了一种将活性剂施用于皮肤的有效方法。软膏可与合成的聚合物如PEG 400和或PEG 4000一起配制,或者可以矿物油和凡士林为基质。在某些实施方案中,本发明的皮肤用软膏具有如下的组成:约0.01%至约5%(w/w)奥昔布宁;约70%至约80%(w/w)PEG 400;约15%至约25%(w/w)PEG 4000;约1%至约15%(w/w)Steareth-20;和约0.1至约1%(w/w)维生素E。
其他皮肤用软膏组合物是基于凡士林,并具有如下组成:约0.01%至约5%(w/w)的奥昔布宁;约35%至约60%(w/w)凡士林;约35%至约55%(w/w)矿物油;约1%至约10%(w/w)Steareth-2;以及约0.1至约1%(w/w)维生素E。
洗剂与乳膏
本发明的组合物可以洗剂或以乳膏提供,而且可包括至少一种或多种软化剂,其可起到润滑和增稠剂的一种或两种作用。软化剂可占组合物总重量的约0.1%至约50%、优选地约1%至约10%。对于本领域技术人员而言,适合应用于人皮肤上的、任意已知的软化剂都可被使用。这些包括,但不限于:烃油和蜡,包括矿物油、凡士林、石蜡、纯地蜡、地蜡、微晶蜡、聚乙烯,以及全氢角鲨烯;硅油;甘油三酸酯脂肪和油,包括衍生自蔬菜、动物和海洋来源的那些;包括霍霍巴油和牛油树脂;乙酰甘油酯,诸如乙酰化单甘油酯;乙氧化甘油酯,诸如乙氧化单硬脂酸甘油酯;脂肪酸,脂肪醇及其衍生物。其他适合的软化剂包括羊毛脂和羊毛脂衍生物;多羟基醇和聚醚衍生物;多羟基醇酯;蜡酯类;植物蜡;磷脂,诸如卵磷脂及衍生物;甾醇,包括但不限于胆固醇及胆固醇脂肪酸酯;酰胺,诸如脂肪酸酰胺、乙氧化脂肪酸酰胺和固态脂肪酸烷醇酰胺。
洗剂进一步地含有约1%至约10%、更优选地2%至5%的乳化剂。乳化剂可以是非离子的、阴离子的或阳离子的。本领域的技术人员可选取适于皮肤用组合物的乳化剂。
可包括这种洗剂和乳膏的其他常规组分。一种这类的添加剂是增稠剂,水平为组合物的1%至10%。适合增稠剂的实例公开在上面的凝胶中。
洗剂和乳膏是通过简单地将所有组份混合在一起而配制的。优选地,将奥昔布宁、托特罗定和或取代的苯甲酰胺溶解、混悬或以其他方式均一地分散在混合物中。
溶液与混悬液
溶液,可以是含水的或非含水的,被配制成含有一定有效浓度的活性剂。
适合用作溶剂或一种溶剂体系一部分的有机材料如下:丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、甘油、山梨醇酯、1,2,6-己烷三醇、乙醇、异丙醇、酒石酸二乙酯、丁二醇、以及它们的混合物。这种溶剂体系还可含有水。
当本发明的组合物被作为乳剂而配制时,油相的比例范围为约5%至约80%的重量比,和优选地约5%至约50%重量比,相对于组合物的总重。掺入乳剂形式组合物中的油、乳化剂以及辅助乳化剂选自化妆品或皮肤病学领域技术人员所知道的那些。
可制备一种油基质的局部用制剂。美国专利第6,761,903号教导了用于改善甘油三酸酯稳定性和改善治疗剂递送的澄清油组合物。903号专利的组合物优选地被配制成用于口服递送,但也可被配制成用于局部给药。
物品
本发明进一步地包括某些物品以及接触身体被影响区域的服饰物品,而且特别是涉及一类通常毗邻于身体的物品。物品可被暴露于、包覆以或浸渍以含有一种治疗剂的组合物,该治疗剂选自奥昔布宁、托特罗定和舒必利。服饰物品包括服装、鞋袜和头饰。对于服装,通常是指那些一般被穿在紧挨着皮肤的贴身衣,并且包括腋下出汗衬垫、内衣、汗衫、紧身衣,包括乳罩、腰带、紧身胸衣;连衣裤、紧身裤袜、连裤袜。鞋袜包括袜类(包括短袜和长袜)、鞋、旅游鞋、鞋垫和鞋里衬。头饰包括无沿的帽子、有沿的帽子和汗带。
适合的物品包括,例如,鞋垫、鞋里衬、短袜、长袜、手套、腋下衬垫、腕带等。
鞋垫可以是长久性的、可移动的和或一次性的。某些鞋里衬的实例可见于美国专利第5,261,169;5,0350,68和7,037,571号。腋下衬垫的实例可见于美国专利第5,790,982和6,760,920号。
物品可以用治疗剂处理,例如通过喷雾、印记、或在洗烫过程中暴露。
口服制剂
对于口服给药,组合物可通过将托特罗定或活性苯甲酰胺化合物与本领域已知的药学上可接受载体相结合而配制。组合物可被配制成本领域已知的任何固态或液态剂形,包括但不限于,片剂、囊形片剂、胶囊、微胶囊、小丸、丸剂、粉末、糖浆、凝胶、浆、颗粒、混悬剂、分散剂、乳剂、液体、溶液、糖衣丸、小珠(bead)和微珠(beadlet)。口服组合物可被配制为速释制剂,或为控释或持续释放制剂,使得在预定时间周期中活性成分延长释放。优选的苯甲酰胺衍生物是舒必利。
固体制剂的适宜赋形剂包括,但不限于,填充剂如糖,包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇或山梨醇;基于淀粉的赋形剂诸如玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、大米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉等,凝胶,黄芪胶,基于纤维素的赋形剂如微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙基纤维素等。还可使用聚合物诸如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),而且还可以使用交联的PVP。另外,组合物可进一步地包含黏合剂(例如阿拉伯树胶、玉米淀粉、明胶、卡波姆、乙基纤维素、瓜尔胶、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、聚维酮);崩解剂(例如,玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、海藻酸、二氧化硅、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、瓜尔胶、羟基乙酸淀粉钠);表面活性剂(例如,十二烷基硫酸钠);以及润滑剂(例如,硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠)。
对于液态制剂,药学上可接受的载体可以是含水的或非含水的溶液、混悬液、乳剂或油。非含水溶剂的实例为丙二醇、聚乙二醇和可注射的有机酯。含水的载体包括水、乙醇的/含水的溶液、乳剂、微乳或混悬液,包括盐水和缓冲介质。油的实例包括但不限于石油、动物、蔬菜、或合成起源,例如,花生油、豆油、矿物油、橄榄油,葵花油,和鱼肝油。美国专利第6,790,435号教导了稳定的止汗剂微乳。
口腔制剂可应用本领域已知的方法制备。非限定性口腔制剂的实例可见于美国专利第4,755,386;5,112,616和6,328,994号。
剂量
本发明的组合物被配制成用于活性成分单次或多次应用的局部给药。化合物的每日剂量是可变化的,其取决于患者的医学病症、皮肤状态和患者的年龄。例如,在治疗排汗或顶泌出汗中,治疗剂的剂量可少于治疗多汗症所需的剂量。
本发明的化合物可以每日单次剂量而施用,或总的每日剂量可以是以每日两次、三次或四次的分开剂量而施用的。在一些实施方案中,制剂是每日单次用药而治疗上有效的。主治医师可确定剂量。化合物可被施用于人的手、足、面部、头皮、颈部、躯干、背部、肢体、腋窝和/或腹股沟。
口服舒必利可以每日剂量为约10mg至约1000mg而施用;优选的每日剂量为约100mg至约600mg。
添加剂
局部用组合物可另外地包括其他的药学上可接受的组分。本发明还涉及根据本发明优选的药物制品,其对于治疗由另外真菌感染并发的多汗症是特别有用的,而且它进一步地包含抗真菌药。抗真菌药的非限制性实例包括咪康唑、克霉唑、特比萘芬、环吡酮、联苯苄唑、制霉菌素、酮康唑、益康唑和阿莫罗芬。其他的添加剂包括着色剂、香料、稳定剂、防腐剂、盐和矿物质等。
实施例
实施例1:包含奥昔布宁的组合物
库拉索芦荟组合物:将五毫升(5ml)含库拉索芦荟提取物的商业凝胶与五毫克(5mg)奥昔布宁(0.1%w/v)相混合直至形成均一的组合物。
库拉索芦荟组合物包含库拉索芦荟叶汁、水和至少一种胶凝剂。库拉索芦荟凝胶可任选地进一步包含醇、甘油、一种或多种乳化剂如聚山梨酯20、一种或多种增稠剂如卡波姆、一种或多种pH平衡剂如三乙醇胺、一种或多种防腐剂诸如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、和或香料和色素。
局部用洗剂:将12.5mg奥昔布宁与0.25克羟乙基纤维素和25ml纯化水混合以制备均一的洗剂(0.05%w/v)。
实施例2:包含托特罗定的组合物
库拉索芦荟组合物:将五毫升(5ml)含库拉索芦荟提取物的商业凝胶与一毫克(1mg)托特罗定相混合直至形成均一的组合物(0.02%w/v)。
局部用洗剂:将2.5mg托特罗定与0.25克羟乙基纤维素和25ml纯化水混合以制备均一的洗剂(0.01%w/v)。
实施例3:包含舒必利的组合物
将含有100mg舒必利的片剂溶于水中,加至含库拉索芦荟提取物的凝胶组合物并混合以形成均一的组合物(0.02%w/v)。
实施例4:包含奥昔布宁或托特罗定的泡沫组合物
应用如下范围的成分,制备非限定性泡沫组合物实施例:
%组成(占加压的液体)
奥昔布宁(活性成分) 0.01-5
或托特罗定(活性成分) 0.002-2
或舒必利(活性成分) 0.01-5
黄原胶(活性成分增稠剂) 0.2
EDTA二钠盐(活性成分抗氧化剂) 0.3
聚山梨酯20(乳化剂,发泡表面活性剂) 4
聚乙二醇300异硬脂酸酯(泡沫增稠剂) 4
纯化水 80.5-86.4
推进剂 5-10
在装有浆式搅拌器和涡轮乳化器的适当容量不锈钢溶解罐中,将EDTA和黄原胶溶于水中。
在搅拌的同时,加入聚山梨酯、聚乙二醇和活性剂,然后运行涡轮乳化器共15分钟。
应用计量泵,以对应于理论重量的体积计量混悬液,在同时搅拌下装入气溶胶小罐。通过扣紧分配器阀,将每个小罐立刻密封,然后借助于推进剂进行加压,在适当数量的压力下用泵送装置加料推进剂。
实施例5:组合物的施用
独立地对以上组合物进行检验。受治疗者是被诊断患有多汗症的30岁男性。将5ml组合物应用于受治疗者后胸和手掌,该患者经常大量出汗。在应用三十分钟后,该受治疗者的治疗区域未出汗。然后,该受治疗者在锻炼用自行车上开始大量地锻炼,并且治疗区域未出汗。组合物是无刺激的而且作用持续数小时。
实施例6:临床试验
为了检验包含选自奥昔布宁和托特罗定的抗胆碱能药的组合物在治疗多汗症中的功效,根据相应管理部门的规定,进行了临床试验。对包含各种浓度的奥昔布宁、托特罗定或舒必利的组合物进行了检验,并对比了单独的载体和已知的局部治疗包括含铝盐的组合物。
实施例7:含舒必利的口服组合物
舒必利是一种取代的苯甲酰胺,用于治疗:反应性抑郁症,其他来源精神病相关的抑郁症;用于预防和治疗抑郁性精神病、精神分裂症、急性谵妄、急性幻觉和迷乱状态、在所有年龄组中的行为障碍(其中异常挑衅性症状是最为前列的)、身心起源的十二指肠溃疡、眩晕和呕吐。舒必利尚未被用于治疗多汗症。
将200mg剂量的舒必利施用于患有多汗症的患者。在开始服用药物后72小时起,患者立即报告出汗减少,而且只要患者每日服用一丸200mg就可持续下去。
参考文献
Cheshire,WP和Freeman R.“出汗疾患”(Disorders of Sweating).SeminNeurol.23(4):399-406.2003
Dull,P.“用于尿失禁的透皮奥昔布宁”(Transdermal oxybutynin forurinary incontinence).American Family Physician,2004年12月15日”
LeWitt P.“多汗症和体温过低对奥昔布宁的响应”(Hyperhidrosis andhypothermia responsive to oxybutynin).Neurology.38:506-507.1988.
Wenzel FG和Horn TD.“外分泌腺的非肿瘤疾患”(Nonneoplasticdisorders of the eccrine glands).J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:1-17.
尽管对本发明已进行了特别地描述,但是本领域的技术人员应当认识到可进行许多的改变和修饰。因此,本发明不能被解释为仅限于所描述的实施方案,而是,本发明的范围、精神和概念通过参照下面的权利要求书可以更好地理解。
Claims (25)
1.一种用于治疗选自多汗症、排汗以及顶泌出汗所组成组的出汗相关疾患的方法,其中所述方法包括局部地对所需这种治疗的受治疗者施用一种皮肤病学组合物,该组合物包含治疗上有效量的至少一种选自奥昔布宁、托特罗定以及取代的苯甲酰胺所组成组的活性剂;以及皮肤病学上可接受的赋形剂或载体。
2.一种用于治疗选自多汗症、排汗以及顶泌出汗所组成组的出汗相关疾患的方法,其中所述方法包括局部地对所需这种治疗的受治疗者施用一种皮肤病学组合物,该组合物包含治疗上有效量的至少一种选自奥昔布宁和托特罗定所组成组的活性剂;以及皮肤病学上可接受的赋形剂或载体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述活性剂是奥昔布宁。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中奥昔布宁是以约0.01%至约5%(w/v)的浓度而提供的。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中奥昔布宁是以约0.1%至约1%(w/v)的浓度而提供的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述活性剂是托特罗定。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中托特罗定是以约0.002%至约2%(w/v)的浓度而提供的。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中托特罗定是以约0.02%至约0.2%(w/v)的浓度而提供的。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物是以下列形式而提供的,该形式选自由含水溶液、非含水溶液、洗剂、乳膏、凝胶、油、软膏、泡沫、摩丝、喷雾剂、乳剂、香波、肥皂以及微乳所组成的组。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述组合物是选自凝胶和泡沫。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述凝胶包含库拉索芦荟提取物或库拉索芦荟凝胶。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述凝胶组合物包含约0.01%至约5%w/v的奥昔布宁。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述凝胶组合物包含约0.1%的奥昔布宁w/v。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述凝胶组合物包含约0.002%至约2%w/v的托特罗定。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含约0.02%至约0.2%w/v的托特罗定。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物被配成适于应用至所述受治疗者的手、足包括脚掌、面部、头皮、颈部、躯干、背部、肢体、腋窝和/或腹股沟。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物不含渗透促进剂。
18.一种用于治疗多汗症的方法,其包括对所需这种治疗的受治疗者施用一种组合物,该组合物包含治疗上有效量的一种选自托特罗定和取代的苯甲酰胺药剂的药剂。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述组合物被配成适于口服或口腔给药。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述取代的苯甲酰胺药剂是舒必利。
21.一种通常毗邻于身体的物品,所述物品包含治疗上有效量的治疗剂,该治疗剂选自由奥昔布宁、托特罗定和舒必利组成的组。
22.根据权利要求21所述的物品,其中所述物品是选自由服装、鞋袜和头饰组成的组。
23.根据权利要求22所述的物品,其中所述服装是选自内衣、汗衫、腋下衬垫、紧身衣、乳罩、腰带、紧身胸衣、连衣裤、紧身裤袜和连裤袜所组成的组。
24.根据权利要求22所述的物品,其中所述鞋袜是选自短袜、长袜、鞋、旅游鞋、鞋垫和鞋里衬所组成的组。
25.根据权利要求22所述的物品,其中所述头饰是选自无沿的帽子、有沿的帽子和汗带所组成的组。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US72782705P | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | |
US60/727,827 | 2005-10-19 |
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CN101340884A true CN101340884A (zh) | 2009-01-07 |
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CNA2006800479700A Pending CN101340884A (zh) | 2005-10-19 | 2006-10-19 | 用于治疗多汗症的方法 |
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US (3) | US10010494B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1951186A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101340884A (zh) |
IL (1) | IL190913B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007046102A2 (zh) |
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CN108697688A (zh) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-10-23 | 塞拉维达公司 | 用于治疗多汗症的方法和组合物 |
CN110420167A (zh) * | 2014-03-13 | 2019-11-08 | 博多尔实验仪器公司 | 软性抗胆碱能药类似物的制剂 |
CN112469307A (zh) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-03-09 | 科研制药株式会社 | 用于药物制剂的涂抹器和系统及使用方法 |
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- 2006-10-19 US US12/090,439 patent/US10010494B2/en active Active
- 2006-10-19 EP EP06809769A patent/EP1951186A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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2008
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2018
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2019
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101810565A (zh) * | 2010-04-26 | 2010-08-25 | 李又欣 | 一种托特罗定凝胶制剂及其制备方法 |
CN110420167A (zh) * | 2014-03-13 | 2019-11-08 | 博多尔实验仪器公司 | 软性抗胆碱能药类似物的制剂 |
CN110917124A (zh) * | 2014-03-13 | 2020-03-27 | 博多尔实验仪器公司 | 软性抗胆碱能药类似物的制剂 |
CN110420167B (zh) * | 2014-03-13 | 2023-02-17 | 博多尔实验仪器公司 | 软性抗胆碱能药类似物的制剂 |
CN107427582A (zh) * | 2015-04-30 | 2017-12-01 | 久光制药株式会社 | 多汗症治疗用外用剂 |
CN107427582B (zh) * | 2015-04-30 | 2021-03-05 | 久光制药株式会社 | 多汗症治疗用外用剂 |
CN108697688A (zh) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-10-23 | 塞拉维达公司 | 用于治疗多汗症的方法和组合物 |
CN112469307A (zh) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-03-09 | 科研制药株式会社 | 用于药物制剂的涂抹器和系统及使用方法 |
Also Published As
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EP1951186A2 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
US10010494B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
IL190913A0 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
US20200030205A1 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
US20080207737A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
WO2007046102A3 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
EP1951186A4 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
WO2007046102A2 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
US20180369097A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
IL190913B (en) | 2020-04-30 |
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