CN101120733B - Granulated feed for milk calf - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of the production of husbandry, which is a novel feed for early weaned calves (born 35 to 45 days after weaning), and has the advantages of safe feeding, easy digestion, easy assimilation, growth promotion, rumen development and the efficiency of breeding promotion. The present invention is based on the nutritional needs for calves, and the raw materials is strictly selected according to the calves digestion physiological characteristics, and considering the nutritional depletion in the process of granulation, the feed formula is designed and selected through the microcomputer by formula software, and then the feed is produced by expanded pellet feed production unit with the smooth appearance, uniform and appropriate hardness, 4 to 6 mm in diameter. The present invention is characterized in safe feeding, easy digestion, easy assimilation, growth promotion, rumen development and the efficiency of breeding promotion, which is of great significance for ruminant animal breeding industry.

Description

Granulated feed for milk calf

Technical field

The invention belongs to the animal husbandry production technical field.Be a kind of dairy calf early weaning (birth back 35～45 days wean) novel fodder that is suitable for, have the advantages that culture benefit is grown, improved to the safety of feeding, easily digestion, easily absorption, growth promotion, promotion cud.

Background technology

Milk cow is the higher animal of feed conversion rate, and the byproduct resource of plant resources such as the straw that the mankind can not directly can be utilized, leaf, herbage and rural area processing is converted into human needs's senior products such as milk, meat, leather and biochemical product.The development dairy is to strengthen national physique, realizes an agriculture featuring high yields, fine quality and high efficiency, development sustainable agriculture, improves environment, realizes the effective way of well-off society early.

Dairy calf is the basis of milk cow mass-sending exhibition, and it is significant to the raising of the milk cows output of milk that science is cultivated calf.In the farming district, the calf wean generally is 4～6 monthly ages, and this had both wasted fresh milk, had influenced the growth of calf cud again.

The volume of milk production of cow and cud is proportionate according to the study, and the size of cud volume is by the search for food morning and evening decision of solid feed of calf.Adopt low milk amount to cultivate calf, can reduce feeding cost greatly, promote the growth of calf and the growth of cud function, cultivate into the high milk cow of dry picked-up ability.

External dairy developed country is owing to feed customizations and scientific management technology, widely popularize early weaning, this technology can increase significantly the commodity milk ratio (every ox with milk from full phase 500～800kg reduce to 200～250kg) reduce calves when cultivating costs and making it adult because the digestive organs tissue development is very abundant, have more high yield and longevity, from the experimental study to the production application, all prove economical and efficient, simple and easy to do measure.

Pellet is owing to have comprehensive nutrition, and easy to use, the raising efficiency of feed utilization reduces the feed loss, reduces characteristics extensive uses on sucking pig such as diarrhea.On calf was cultivated, external dairy developed country also extensively adopted.So significant and vast potential for future development of exploitation calf pellet product.

(1) promote growing of calf: pellet is according to calf trophic level and physilogical characteristics, through the screening of microcomputer prescription, and the granulating process research and design, the expanded pellet feed machined forms.Have characteristics such as comprehensive nutrition, easy digestion, easy absorption.Promote growing of calf.

(2) promote the growth of cud function: ox is a ruminant, and crude fibre digestion is the microbial action by cud, is converted into mycoprotein, by little intestinal absorption.

Search for food morning and evening of solid feed of the size of cud volume and calf is closely related, adopts low milk amount to cultivate calf, can reduce feeding cost greatly, promotes the growth of calf and the growth of cud function, cultivates into the high milk cow of dry picked-up ability.

(3) reduce calf and cultivate cost: every calf reduces to 100～150kg with the milk amount from full phase 500～800kg.Cultivate cost and descend 30～35%.

(4) reduce feed waste: pellet is to form through pellet unit processing granulation.Compare with powder, significantly reduce the feed waste in the transportation and the process of feeding.

Pellet is extensive use on sucking pig.On calf was cultivated, external dairy developed country also extensively adopted.But, because China raises condition restriction, also do not grow up at present.Over 3 years, seminar by feeding experiment, has obtained good effect to strict the perfect gradually of screening, processing technology of selecting, fill a prescription constantly of raw material.

Summary of the invention

We work out the present invention at the problem that exists in the above-mentioned background technology.Particular content is as follows:

A, raw material are selected:

According to NRC trophic level and calf physilogical characteristics, carried out the strict selection of raw material.Mainly be with compositions such as whey powder, soy bean powder, peru fish meal, corn, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt, multidimensional, trace element, acidulant, yeast, antibiotic, enzyme preparation, probiotics, adhesives.

B, concrete prescription:

Total digested nutrient (%)	82	Vitamin E (mg/kg)	37.5
				Crude protein (%)	21.7	Copper (mg/kg)	40
Metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg)	2.56	Manganese (mg/kg)	120
				Crude fibre (%)	6.1	Zinc (mg/kg)	120
Calcium (%)	1.1	Iron (mg/kg)	30
				Phosphorus (%)	0.75	Iodine (mg/kg)	5
Salt (%)	1.0	Selenium (mg/kg)	0.75
				Ash content (%)	5.8	Cobalt (mg/kg)	3
Vitamin A (IU/kg)	10000	Coban (ppm)	30
				Vitamin D (IU/kg)	2000

C, granulation processing technology

Use expanded pellet feed equipment, be processed into smooth in appearance, uniformity, hardness is suitable, and diameter is 4～6 millimeters a particle;

D, feeding method

The colostrum of fully feeding in 7 ages in days, still based on milk, 25 ages in days reduce milk feeding amount later on gradually, stop to breast-feed to 35～45 ages in days in 25 ages in days; 15 ages in days are breast-feeded 4 times with interior, and 16～25 age in days days breast-feeded 3 times, and 26～35 age in days days breast-feeded 2 times; Transfer 1 time later on to until wean, eat the calf particulate material since the instruction of 5 ages in days, non-quantitative treats that its daily ingestion amount surpasses 0.5kg and changes into quantitatively, feeds every day 3 times, and average feeding given.

And the sufficient drinking-water of assurance.High-quality hay free choice feeding.

The specific embodiment

We produce few products according to trophic level component design and the granulating process described in the summary of the invention, have carried out feeding experiment.

In March, 2005～June, in Hulan County happy milk cattle farm, Heilongjiang Province, it is close to select age birthday, and body weight is roughly the same, and 20 of healthy black-and-white flower milk cow calves are divided into 2 groups, 10 every group at random.Control group weans according to conventional method lactation 90 ages in days; Test group lactation 45 ages in days wean, and search for food the complete granular material until 90 ages in days since the training of 7 ages in days.

Result of the test: 1, the average weight of control group and test group 90 ages in days is respectively 96.2 kilograms and 95.5 kilograms, average daily gain (630.1 ± 1.3) g and (628.9 ± 1.2) g, and through t check (p＞0.05), difference is not remarkable.2, average (466.0 ± 1.8) kg/ head of control group consumption milk amount, the average 51kg/ head of feed consumption, the average about 15kg/ head of consumption grass; Test group consumption milk amount (228.0 ± 1.5) kg/ head, consumption particulate material 127kg/ head, the average about 41kg/ head of consumption grass; Test group is saved cost than control group: 70.83 yuan/head, increase remarkable benefit.3, the diarrhea phenomenon takes place in the indivedual calves of test group and control group, but control group is than test group incidence height.

Conclusion: utilize the complete granular material, the calf of feeding, it is feasible carrying out early weaning, and obtains good economic benefit.

Pellet is owing to have comprehensive nutrition, and easy to use, the raising efficiency of feed utilization reduces the feed loss, reduces characteristics extensive uses on sucking pig such as diarrhea.On calf was cultivated, external dairy developed country also extensively adopted.So this product has vast potential for future development.

Granulated feed for milk calf, owing to can improve the calf survival rate and reduce the cultivation cost greatly, digestive organs are grown in the time of promoting to grow up owing to early weaning again, make it have more high yield and long-lived potential.And the breeding of oestrusing, calving had no adverse effects.Directly and indirect economic effect remarkable, the market demand has a extensive future.Will drive the livestock economy development.

Dairy calf is the basis of milk cow mass-sending exhibition.Granulated feed for milk calf is in country's extensive use of dairy prosperities such as the U.S., Japan.Develop from dairy, because plurality of advantages such as that this product has is easy to use, improve efficiency of feed utilization, reduce feed waste, growth promotion, cost are relatively low, so improving constantly of the huge and health of people consciousness of the economic benefit brought of high yield cow in addition is in our province and even the whole nation one industrialization surely.

Claims (1)

1. 35～45 days feed for weaned after a dairy calf is born is characterized in that having adopted following special feed prescription and processing technology and feeding method:

A. concrete feed formula:

By weight percentage, total digested nutrient 82%, crude protein 21.7%, crude fibre 6.1%, calcium 1.1%, phosphorus 0.75%, salt 1.0%, ash content 5.8%, vitamin A 10000IU/kg, calciferol 000IU/kg, vitamin E 37.5mg/kg, copper 40mg/kg, manganese 120mg/kg, zinc 120mg/kg, iron 30mg/kg, iodine 5mg/kg, selenium 0.75mg/kg, cobalt 3mg/kg, coban 30ppm, metabolizable energy 2.56Mcal/kg;

B. the processing technology of granulating:

Use expanded pellet feed equipment, be processed into smooth in appearance, uniformity, hardness is suitable, and diameter is 4～6 millimeters a particle;

C. feeding method:

The colostrum of fully feeding in 7 ages in days, still based on milk, 25 ages in days reduce milk feeding amount later on gradually, stop to breast-feed to 35～45 ages in days in 25 ages in days; 15 ages in days are breast-feeded 4 times with interior, and 16～25 age in days days breast-feeded 3 times, and 26～35 age in days days breast-feeded 2 times; Transfer 1 time later on to until wean, eat the calf particulate material since the instruction of 5 ages in days, non-quantitative treats that its daily ingestion amount surpasses 0.5kg and changes into quantitatively, feeds every day 3 times, and average feeding given.