CN101011916B - 具有增强防伪特性的图案光学结构 - Google Patents

具有增强防伪特性的图案光学结构 Download PDF

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CN101011916B
CN101011916B CN2006101507574A CN200610150757A CN101011916B CN 101011916 B CN101011916 B CN 101011916B CN 2006101507574 A CN2006101507574 A CN 2006101507574A CN 200610150757 A CN200610150757 A CN 200610150757A CN 101011916 B CN101011916 B CN 101011916B
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弗拉基米尔·P.·瑞卡沙
罗杰·W.·菲利普斯
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Abstract

本发明披露了一种防伪图像及形成该防伪图像的方法,其中,图像具有全息图层,该全息图层具有磁性排列薄片的附加层,该图像与全息图层共同形成很难伪造并具有很强吸引力的图像。优选地,不透明层的窗口提供用于编码或形成该图像的附加装置。

Description

具有增强防伪特性的图案光学结构
技术领域
1)本发明总体来说涉及用于生产防伪产品的薄膜光学涂层。更具体地,本发明涉及诸如全息图或光栅的衍射表面的生产,该衍射表面具有变色(color shifting)、颜色转换(color switching)或光学可变背景,并具有以磁场或电场方式排列的磁性排列颜料,并在多种应用中用作防伪产品。 
背景技术
2)变色颜料和着色剂已被应用在从汽车涂料到用于安全文档和货币的防伪油墨的许多场合。这种颜料和着色剂具有随着入射光角度变化或当观察者的视角改变时色调进行变化的特性。过去获取这种变色着色剂的通常方法是将小薄片分散到诸如涂料或油墨的整个介质上,随后将该介质应用到目标表面上,其中所述的小薄片通常由具有特定光学特性的多层薄膜组成。颜色转换颜料看起来改变颜色,例如从深绿色到浅绿色、或从浅蓝色到深蓝色。颜色转换颜料在Coulter等人的美国专利US6150022中被阐述。颜色转换颜料由明亮的金属薄片组成,在置于含有染料的液体载体媒介物中时该金属薄片实质上是反射的。例如,当应用蓝色载体媒介物时,随着视角的改变该薄片从浅蓝到深蓝的颜色范围内转变颜色。 
3)衍射图和浮雕、以及全息图的相关领域由于其审美和实用视觉效果而开始找到大范围的实际应用。衍射图案,不管是浮雕、蚀刻还是油墨的,其所有的意图和目的都被理解为标记区域。标记区域被理解为其上具有一些式样的标志(indica)的区域,而不管是油墨、模压还是蚀刻的。一种非常称心如意的装饰效果是由衍射光栅创造出来的彩虹色视觉效果。这种醒目的视觉效果发生在环境光线由于来自衍射光栅的反射而衍射成其各自颜色成分时。通常,衍射光栅实质上是由材料上的线和槽构成的重复结构,以形成峰顶和谷底结构。当衍射光栅在每毫米反射表面上具有成百上千的规则间隔排列的槽时就在可见光谱范围内产生期望视觉效果。 
4) 衍射光栅技术以形成二维全息图案的方式被应用,对于观察者来说,该二维全息图案能产生三维图像的错觉。三维全息图也基于交叉激光束在聚合物中的折射率的差异而发展起来,该交叉激光束包括一参考光束和一目标光束。这种全息图被称为体积全息图或3D全息图。此外,已发现在在不同对象中应用全息图像可防止伪造具有普遍应用。 
5)当前具有浮雕全息图案的表面存在几种应用,范围从例如礼包等装饰性封装到例如纸币和信用卡等安全文档。二维全息图典型利用了在塑料表面上形成的衍射图案。某些情况下,浮雕在这种表面上的全息图像不需进一步加工即可见;然而,在浮雕表面上覆盖反射层通常是必要的,典型地如铝薄金属层,以获得最大光学效果。反射层实质上增加了衍射图案浮雕的可见性。 
6)包括传统的全息图和光栅图像在内的每种类型的第一顺序衍射结构即使被封装在坚硬的塑料中仍具有较大的缺点。当诸如普通室内光或阴天时的光等散光源被用于照射全息图像,所有衍射顺序扩张并重叠,使得衍射颜色丢失且很多包含在全息图中的视觉信息没有被展现出来。通常可以看到的是只有浮雕表面的银色反射而且在这种观察状况下所有这种装置看起来至多是银色的或色彩柔和。因此,全息图像通常需要直接镜面照射才能被看到。这意味着为了达到最好的观察效果,必须使照射光的入射角与视角相同。 
7)由于防伪全息图的使用已获得广泛应用,因此伪造者千方百计的去复制经常应用在信用卡、纸币等上的全息图。因而,为了真正安全,防伪全息图必须克服的一个障碍就是这种全息图容易被伪造。一步和两步的光学复制、直接地机械复制、甚至是重新制作(re-origination)都通过互联网被广泛讨论。已经探索到多种多样的对抗这些方法的途径,但是发现,这些对策中没有一种能够单独实施就起到有效遏制的作用。 
8)一种复制全息图的惯常方法是采用激光束扫描整个浮雕表面并将反射束光学记录到一层诸如光聚合物等的材料上。原始图案随之被复制为伪造品。另一种方法是采用离子蚀刻方式从浮雕金属表面去除防护覆盖材料,然后,当浮雕金属表面暴露出来时,可沉积一层金属如银(或者任何其它容易释放层(easily releasable layer)。接下来是镍层沉积,该镍层随后被释放(release)以形成伪造浮雕衬垫。 
9)由于伪造方法水平的老练,有必要开发更加先进的防伪措施。Miekka等人的专利号为US5624076和US5672410的美国专利中披露了一种方法,该方法中将浮雕金属颗粒或光学堆叠薄片用于生产防伪图像图案。 
10)防伪全息图的另一个问题在于,大部分人很难识别并记得用于检验目的的这类全息图所产生的特有图像。普通人识别防伪全息图真伪的能力由于防伪全息图特征的复杂性和装饰性衍射封装的干扰而打了折扣。因而,大部分人倾向于确认存在这类防伪装置但不能检验其实际图像。这给低级伪造或用商业全息图替代真正防伪全息图的应用提供了机会。 
11)在挫败伪造者的其它尝试中,全息图工业采取应用更加复杂的图像,例如在防伪装置旋转时产生多重图像等。这些增强图像给观察者提供了高水平的“flash”或审美吸引力。不幸的是,这种复杂性的增加并没有带来安全性的增加,因为,这种复杂图像很难表达并且尽管不是不可能但回忆起这种图像存在困难。 
12)因此开发在不同光照状态下特别是散光状态下观察质量得到提高的改进的防伪产品具有重要优势,,并且可将该改进的防伪产品用于多种防伪应用中从而使得伪造更加困难。 
13)具有衍射表面和变色背景的防伪产品记载在公开号为US20040105963A1、US20040101676A1、US20040094850A1和US20040081807A1的美国专利申请中。这种防伪装置包括一透明的全息基底(substrate),在该基底的全息浮雕的对面涂覆了一变色层。该变色光学涂层随着入射光角度或视角的改变提供了可观察的变色。通过喷射包含变色颜料的涂料或通过柔性凸版印刷(flexographic),照相凹版印刷(gravure)或凹版印刷(Intaglio)的方式印刷油墨在基底的相应表面上真空沉积光干涉结构,而制备该变色涂层。 
14)根据专利公开文本WO2005/026848A2的描述,反射材料的图案层可以涂覆到全息基底的预定部分以形成字母数字符号、条形码、图画或平面造型设计。为生产该图案层,需要将强反射材料沉积在全息基底的顶部并从该基底的预定部分蚀刻出来。由于对基底的这些区域进行去金属化,即这些区域的金属被蚀刻掉,所以这些区域实质上变得透明并且此处的全息效果变得基本上看不出来。相反地,反射金属以不同预定形状遗留在表面上的基底部分保持可见全息特性。 
15)可以以不同方式将变色涂层涂覆在这种去金属化过的结构上。可将它涂覆在与基底的浮雕面(side)相对的面上。如此,该涂层可以通过基底的透明去金属化部分而变得可见。或者,可将变色涂层涂覆在浮雕面的顶部。当基底翻转时,该涂层和图案全息元素可以通过透明基底而变得可见。这种全息图基底和变色涂层的组合被称作“色度区(chromagram)”。通过参考图1-图5可以很容易地理解色度区的一般概念。 
16)去金属化的全息图更加难以伪造,因为这不仅需要制造全息图同时还需要对寄存在全息图案中的复杂图案进行去金属化。 
17)本发明的目的之一是提供能够用作防伪装置的图像,该图像使伪造者非常难以复制并能够很容易地进行鉴定。 
18)本发明的进一步的目的是提供具有高度安全性的防伪装置,同时提供相当好的视觉感染力。 
发明内容
20)根据本发明提供的防伪装置,具有覆盖有磁性排列的颜料颗粒;以及,不同于所述第一印刷区域的第二标记区域,其中,所述的磁性排列颜料形成随着视角或入射光的改变而看起来移动的图像,并且所述第二标记区域用作参照物,所述图像看起来相对于该参照物移动。 
21)根据本发明进一步提供的防伪装置,具有覆盖有磁性排列颜料的第一区域和其上具有衍射光栅的第二不同区域,其中,所述的磁性排列颜料形成随着视角或入射光角度的改变而看起来移动的图像,并且所述的衍射光栅用作参照物,所述图像相看起来对于该参照物发生移动。 
22)根据本发明提供的防伪装置,包含图案反射光学结构,所述图案反射光学结构包括:基底,其中所述基底内或其上具有衍射光栅; 
至少部分反射层,所述反射层邻近或接近所述衍射光栅;以及 
由基底支撑的场排列颜料层。 
23)根据本发明提供的防伪装置,具有覆盖有磁性排列颜料的第一区域和其上具有衍射光栅的不同的第二区域,其中,磁性排列颜料形成随着视角或入射光角度的改变而看起来移动的图像,并且衍射光栅用作参照物,所述图像相对于该参照物看起来发生移动,所述第一区域包含在所述第二区域的边界内,或者所述第二区域包含在所述第一区域的边界内,并且能够从该防伪装置的一面都能看到所述的衍射光栅和磁性排列颜料。 
24)根据本发明提供的防伪装置,包括基底和磁性排列颜料层,其中所述基底具有部分浮雕的表面,使得该表面的浮雕区域和非浮雕区域相互隔开从而形成窗口,所述磁性排列颜料层位于所述窗口的上面、下面或里面并且能够通过这些窗口可见,由此,当光照射该防伪装置时,从浮雕区域看到的衍射效果不同于通过或在窗口中看到的磁性排列颜料的衍射效果。 
25)根据本发明提供的防伪装置,包括具有衍射区域层和具有磁性排列颜料的不同层,其中,当光照射该防伪装置时,可以看到衍射效果和运动效果。 
26)根据本发明提供的广义上的防伪装置,包括其中或其上具有衍射图案的层和形成变色涂层的另一层,其中只有变色涂层的部分区域经磁性排列。 
附图说明
27)现在结合附图描述本发明的典型实施例,其中: 
28)图1示出了根据现有技术的防伪图像,其中,聚酯基底有浮雕图案且其中特定区域被金属化处理。 
29)图2示出了图1所示图像的横截面。 
30)图3示出了类似图1的防伪图像的横截面,其中,具有变色颜料的附加层沉积在基底的底面。 
31)图4a示出了图3所示图像的平面图,其中该图像具有衍射光栅并在光栅下面具有变色涂层。 
32)图4b示出了一种结构的横截面图,其中在该结构中,光栅或全息图浮雕在基底的底面并且变色涂层直接与浮雕处相邻。 
33)图5示出了图4b所示色度(chroma)的平面图。 
34)图6a示出了本发明一个实施例的平面图,其中,变色磁性排列层与全息图或衍射光栅相邻以产生色度区,该色度区具有来自磁性排列变色颜料的光学错觉变色效果和来自全息图的衍射效果。 
35)图6b示出了图6a所示实施例的一个视图,由此,经过图6a中所示截面11和截面12的平面被显示出来。 
36)图7a示出了图6a所示色度区的详细横截面,该横截面沿着图6b中的平面内的剖面线11表示。 
37)图7b示出了图6a所示色度区的详细横截面,该横截面沿着图6b中的剖面线12并经由该剖面线12的所在平面。 
38)图8示出了用在纸币上的防伪线的磁性印刷和图形设计的平面图。 
39)图9是图8部分详细横截面。 
40)图10示出了如图8和9所示的横截面,其中,防伪线在油墨固化后被翻转并形成薄片粘合在纸张上。 
41)图11示出了替代实施例的横截面图,其中,经排列的变色涂层沉积在与分段衍射光栅一侧相对的面上。 
42)图12示出了替代实施例的横截面图,其中,将变色涂层8涂在基底的非浮雕面上并置成排列磁性颗粒场以形成图案“100”,并且在油墨固化后该结构形成粘合在纸张上 的薄片。 
43)图13示出了去金属化的全息浮雕堆叠成磁性形成的图像以增强其外观,该图像具有铝制金属化的浮雕框架并且该金属化的浮雕轮廓为字母“AB”形。 
44)图14示出了图13所示基底的横截面。 
45)图15示出了根据本发明实施例的图像,其中变色磁性排列薄片布置在全息图的下方。 
46)图16示出了图15所示图像的横截面图。 
47)图17示出了图15所示图像的横截面图,该图像倾斜了一个不同于图16的角度。 
48)图18示出了图17中所示的图像。 
49)图19a根据本发明实施例的图像,其中示出了一座桥,桥下有水,当该图像倾斜时,水看起来相对于桥发生移动。 
50)图19b至图19d示出了用于产生磁场的不同磁性布置的图形,其中该磁场能够使磁性排列的颜料进行排列,使得随着图19a所示图像的倾斜而看起来水在移动。 
51)图19e示出了在增加变色磁性颜料和在磁场中排列薄片之前图19a所示图像的视图。 
52)图20b至图20d示出了图19b到图19d中各个图中所示的磁性排列的透视图。 
具体实施方式
53)现在参见图1,图1示出了具有浮雕图案的图像。所示的聚酯基底1具有几个定义图像特定特征的不同区域。区域2浮雕并去金属化。这可以容易地从图2中看出来。区域3和区域4浮雕并金属化同时具有铝制强反射涂层。圆5和星6用铝金属化但不浮雕。图1中的区域7没有浮雕或金属化。框架8金属化但不浮雕。图1所示图案中的细线2 几乎不可见,这是由于这些细线并未覆盖有反射金属。星6和圆5展示出类似银的外观。区域3和区域4的图案由于其表面浮雕的反射光的衍射特性而具有彩虹色外观。 
54)图3阐述了图2所示结构的改进,其中,变色涂层9涂覆在图1所示的全息图上。变色涂层9有两种不同的涂覆方式,从而产生两种不同色度区。该涂层可以被涂在全息基底中与图3所示浮雕面相对的表面上。在该例中,色度区具有图4a所示的外观。该色度区同图1所示全息图相比,其区别在于图3和图4a中的区域7具有变色外观。 
55)根据另一实施例,变色涂层9能够被涂覆在图4b所示浮雕的上部。为了看到效果,被涂层的基底需要如图所示翻转。在该例中,浮雕2由于透明基底的折射率和油墨载体(ink vehicle)相互很好地匹配而消失。该色度区具有图5所示的外观。 
56)图4a和图5所示图像绘画般地阐述了作为一种光学结构的“色度区”的概念,例如具有反射材料制的图案去金属化层的全息图或光栅涂于该结构的某些区域之上、有源光涂层涂于反射材料制的图案层之上以及该结构表面的暴露部分等。 
57)根据本发明,提出了采用新的并具有创造性的结构来形成色度区,以防止有价值的文档、信用卡、纸币等被伪造。 
58)根据本发明的一个方面,可以通过以下方式来增强图案全息结构的防伪特性,即,印刷变色磁性排列光学可见涂层或非变色磁性排列光学可见涂层并涂于磁场中,以在该涂层中形成三维图案或三维情报性符号、或形成具有视觉(optical)错觉效果的图案。该涂层应基于包含类似小板的磁性颜料的油墨,例如该油墨在美国专利US6808806,以及在尚在审查中的美国专利申请序号为US20040051297、US20040166308、US20050123755和US20060194040的专利申请中被描述,这些文献全部通过参考被合并在此。所用术语“磁性颜料”表示在磁场中能够排列的颜料。当电场用于排列颜料时,可用电场(E-field)排列颜料替换磁性颜料。场排列颜料是具有薄片的颜料,该薄片在磁场或电场中能够排列。当然永磁体或永电磁体可以用于产生磁场。根据本发明,磁性颜料可以是变色型的或者是非变色型的。油墨载体可以是澄清的或是染色的。为了产生具有增强防伪特性的结构,需要将该油墨印刷在基底表面,因为这对前面描述的色度区有效。具有湿油墨层的基底移入磁场以形成错觉图像。优选地,使该磁场形成所期望的、 令人满意的、或预定的图案。当湿油墨暴露于磁场或电场时,平面磁场或电场的颜料排列颗粒沿该场的磁力线排列。如图6a、6b和7b所示。 
59)图6b更清楚地阐述了一扩展视图,由此,可以看到沿横截面所在的平面。 
60)现在来看图6a,示出了具有两条剖面线11和12的图像,该图像显示了沿线11-11和线12-12的横截面。沿线11的横截面图如图7a所示,沿线12的横截面图如图7b所示。 
61)直接在场中或暴露于场中不久的油墨载体的UV、e光束(e-beam)或热量固化(thermal curing)固着油墨层内部的磁性颗粒处于排列位置。当光源照射油墨并用肉眼或光学仪器观察时,各种排列小板状磁性颜料颗粒反射入射光也各不相同。就光源和观察者来说,颗粒的一部分相对于基底定向从而使光线正好反射到观察者的眼睛中。印刷颗粒的另一部分向不同方向反射光线,这是因为它们相对于观察者的方向以不同角度的倾斜。当具有印刷涂层的基底相对于光源或观察者倾斜时,颜料颗粒的第一部分不再向观察者反射光,这些颗粒开始向不同方向反射光,同时第二部分的颗粒开始向观察者方向反射光。当颗粒逐渐在油墨层排列时,基底的倾斜引起具有错觉移动效果的外观。当颗粒沿成形为预定图案的磁力线排列时,印刷层的一部分重复该磁性形状,产生三维效果。在该区域,对于观察者来说看起来就像图像由基底中产生一样。 
62)图6a示出了根据图4和图5所描述过程制造出的色度区。该图中的变色涂层9通过在部分去金属化的全息图3的表面上印刷变色磁性油墨而制造出来。印刷完成后,具有湿油墨的全息图被置于星形磁体的磁场中并且随后由UV光加以固化。当从图7a所示箭头方向看去,色度区显示存在具有接近0.25”虚高的星10。 
63)具有增强防伪特性的色度区在全息图2中星的周围具有磁性印刷的星。印刷物的磁引导图案作为防伪物品图案设计的一部分,通常是重要的。 
64)磁成形图像可以置于全息图像的内部。这种磁性印刷物和钞票防伪线的图案设计相结合的一个例子用图8,9和10来阐明。图10中,部分镀铝的聚酯基底82下部具有一层磁性排列薄片,如图所示。 
65)防伪线81通过传统技术结合于纸质基底82上。防伪线81由薄的透明聚酯基底制造,该基底某些区域83内浮雕有矩形框架84和框架84的内部的数字100。区域83的框架84和数字“100”均采用公知技术浮雕有用来形成全息图的衍射凹槽85。 
66)由于浮雕,框架的彩虹色衍射图案产生了区域83内的数字100。基底的浮雕面被镀有薄铝层86。部分铝被从基底上蚀刻掉,遗留下与区域83内浮雕盒构成的框架84相同尺寸的矩形窗口87。变色油墨88被施加到基底81的浮雕且部分镀铝的面上。具有湿油墨88的基底置于提供具有数字100的形状89的磁性颗粒排列的磁场中,其中数字100具有与防伪线全息部分的“100”具有相同尺寸。磁成形数字100具有类似三维的外观。油墨固化后该线被翻转并通过粘合剂90层叠到涂有变色油墨的面的纸张82上,如图10中色度区的横截面所示。通过矩形窗口87中的聚酯基底81可以看到类似三维的磁成形数字100,其中矩形窗口87为去金属化盒,而且也可以在区域83中看到数字100的彩虹色全息图像,其中区域83为全息盒。 
67)增强的色度区也可以通过其它替代方式来制造。与图9和图10中的色度区形成对照,该方法中的变色涂层88可以被施加到图11和图12所示的基底81的非浮雕面上并置于排列磁性颗粒的场中以形成“100”图案89。具有排列磁性颗粒的油墨8固化后,图11所示的结构被翻转并在粘合剂90的作用下成薄片状粘合到纸张82上,如图12所示。类似三维的磁成形数字“100”的图案89可以通过去金属化的窗口87中的聚酯基底81看到,并且数字“100”的彩虹色全息图像被区域83中的框架所环绕。 
68)图6-12所示色度区描述了当磁生成印刷体置于去金属化全息图像的外面或里面时的样品。在一些情况下,去金属化的全息浮雕可以重叠磁成形图像以增强其外观。这种色度区的例子在接下来的几张图中示出。图13中的聚酯基底131具有铝制金属化浮雕框架132并且符号134的金属化浮雕轮廓133形成AB形。区域135、136、137、138和139都被去金属化。 
69) 具有图13所示去金属化图案的基底1的横截面如图14所示。包含磁定向颗粒的磁性油墨在浮雕基底上部的两个区域分别印刷。在典型实施例中,金色到蓝色的变色油墨被施加到一个样品中,着色过的颜色转换且非变色油墨载体被施加到另一样品中,以及磁性衍射油墨被施加到又一样品中。当湿的时候,每一印刷品都在实际磁场中分别定向并分别固化。印刷好的基底被翻转以便用其非浮雕面朝向并接收入射光线并在粘合剂90的作用下成薄片状粘合在纸张142上。磁性颜料颗粒的不同定向在图15所示印刷区域产生颜色或对比度差异。处于背景区域135、138和139的油墨层141是处于法线观察角度中明亮的金色。符号“AB”在该角度下为蓝色,同时框架132和轮廓133为彩虹色。颜料颗粒的排列和光线的反射如图16中结构的横截面所示。 
70)“AB”134被印刷到符号轮廓线133的边缘内。施加到湿油墨层140的磁场提供颜料颗粒的排列,如图14所示。处于背景区域135、138和139中的油墨层141颗粒排列各不相同。这里的颗粒基本都平行于基底。 
71)观察图15和图16所示结构可以看到,从远处光源入射的光线144穿透透明聚酯基底131并在颜料的磁性颗粒145处被反射。该光线的反射方向依赖于两个因素:散布在固化油墨载体中的颗粒排列和观察角度。法线角度下,如图16所示,光线144经背景层141中的颗粒反射,以方向146射向观察者147。观察者看到金色背景层141并能在图15中的区域135、138和139中看到。其中,143为胶层。符号“AB”的层140中的颗粒相对于观察者倾斜的角度大于背景层141中颗粒的倾斜角度。在此特定观察角度,颗粒的最大反射率移到短波区域并且短波光线以方向148照射。观察者看到符号“AB”是深蓝色。框架132和轮廓133是彩虹色。 
72)样品以离开观察者的方向倾斜可改变了对颗粒的观察角度。背景层141的颗粒如图17所示倾斜时,层140处的颗粒,即符号“AB”,相对于观察者处于法线角度。 
73)现在层140中的颗粒以方向146反射黄色光线并且观察者看到符号“AB”是金色的。层141中的背景颗粒以方向148反射蓝色光线并且观察者看到环绕符号“AB”的背景区域是深蓝色,如图18所示。框架132和轮廓133仍保持相同的彩虹色。 
74)除上面所描述的实施例之外,图19a示出了一种替代结构,该结构把磁成形图像和全息图结合起来,这具有令人难以置信的吸引力。该结构包括具有浮雕全息图案的透明基底。部分区域被镀有金属,其它区域没有金属或被去金属化。这可以通过基底看到,并且全息效果和磁性排列涂层效果都能够被观察到。 
75)人们发现,在视觉错觉图像中参考点的存在产生了图像深度的非常强烈的错觉。例如,采用有参考点的磁性排列颜料具有重大优点。该参考点可以是肉眼可见的位于非常接近印刷层的任何对象,该对象给观察者提供了定位该层的意识。参考点包括在磁性定位层上表面的涂料的印刷、书写、喷粉或喷涂等。此外,印刷层表面可以通过裁剪、刮痕、蚀刻等方式来构造;在基底上提供经构造的表面使得粘附在那里的油墨层能够具有经构造的表面;上部覆盖层包括肉眼可见的颗粒,例如薄片、微粒等。现在看图19a和图19e,示出了视觉错觉图像有助于防伪装置保护基底或封装内容。该图像以类似于前述图像的方式印刷,不过,桥191的固定的印刷图像用作与水的视觉错觉运动图像相并列的参考点,该水看起来相对于桥是移动的。桥191以及该图画中的其它元素作为固定图像并没有视觉错觉特性。相反地,当图像倾斜或照射到水193上的入射光方向变化时,桥下的水193看起来在移动。图像的固定部分和图像的视觉感觉移动部分之间的对比增强了水193的移动错觉。桥191和图中周围其它固定元素作为参照物,桥下的水193相对于此参照物变化而呈现出运动的外观。该桥为部分去金属化全息图;水周围的景观可以是涂有高折射率透明材料的透明全息图也可以是选择的去金属化的全息图。天空也可以是选择地去金属化的全息图。水193中的水波是由在施加场中沿磁力线排列的磁性颜料印刷而成。用于颗粒排列以形成水波图案的典型磁性系统如图19b-19d所示,其中可以在磁体上面的基底上看到图像。 
76)图19e中的区域194为金属化的。区域195为透明的。区域196为涂有高折射率材料的全息图,由此能够通过该区域看到光学可变油墨。区域194被金属化。在磁场中通过印刷磁性油墨将图19f中示出的水加到图19e中的图像,图19e中未示出的桥下的水区域,并施加前面所提及磁性系统之一产生的磁场。光学可变油墨也可涂到该图像的天空区域,并且,尽管该区域具有明显的变色效果,该区域仍没有通过磁场进行磁定向。涂到水区域和天空区域的同样的光学可变油墨具有截然不同的视觉效果,这是非常有趣的。当薄片被磁定向时水具有运动效果的水波移动外观,同时天空具有没有运动效果的变色外观;优选地,水区域和天空区域同时印刷。 
77)本发明的发明者发现,在磁成形图像上面或周围全息图的存在使该图像产生三维效果。根据本发明,衍射图案用作参照物;也就是,参考点与各对象间相互位置有关。所 披露光学装置的错觉或虚拟深度依赖于几个构成要素。磁成形图案的要素包括磁性颜料的颜色和亮度、油墨层的厚度、磁生成图案的锐度、背景和磁生成图案之间的对比度等。全息图的要素包括覆盖层的透明度水平。 
78)衍射图案以此种方式浮雕:使得该图案在法线观察角度下是不可见的,而当印刷体围绕垂直于衍射浮雕表面的轴从0°到90°转动时,实现观察磁性印刷物该图案的可见度逐渐提高。薄片状叠置在磁成形图像上的透明的炫耀图案化衍射光栅对实现该目的非常有益。 
79)采用透明全息图的另一有意义的优势为在该光学装置上可以增加信息容量。磁性排列图像可以形成载有特定容量信息或文本的图案。磁性印刷体上部的薄片状透明全息图载有另一容量的信息或附加文本。这两种不同信息源可以相互重叠以提供覆盖同一观察区域的不同信息的多种信息源,从实质上增加了同一观察区域的信息存储容量。 
80)在不背离本发明的精神和范围下,可以设想其它多种实施例。例如,光透射基底上可以覆盖有高折射率层并覆盖有磁性排列颜料,且可以是任意期望的图案并随后被印上浮雕光栅。 
81)图19a中所示桥191是具有赋予对象阴影能力的图像。印刷这样的对象使得该印刷体为固定印刷体,当磁性排列视觉错觉颜料被施加到该固定对象图像的附近、下面或旁边时,可以察觉错觉磁性排列颜料平行于该固定对象印刷体高速运动。 

Claims (9)

1.一种防伪装置,具有覆盖有磁性排列颜料颗粒的第一印刷区域;以及
不同于所述第一印刷区域的第二标记区域,其中所述磁性排列颜料颗粒形成随视角或入射光的改变而看起来移动的图像,并且其中所述第二标记区域用作参照物,所述图像看起来相对于此参照物移动,其中,所述第二标记区域具有图案分段的反射层。
2.一种防伪装置,包括:
基底;
覆盖有磁性排列颜料的第一区域和其上具有衍射光栅的第二不同的区域,其中,所述磁性排列颜料形成随着视角或入射光角度的改变而看起来移动的图像,并且其中所述衍射光栅用作参照物,所述图像看起来相对于所述参照物移动,其中,所述衍射光栅具有高折射层,所述高折射层具有大于或等于1.65的折射率且紧邻所述衍射光栅。
3.一种防伪装置,包括:
基底;
覆盖有磁性排列颜料的第一区域和其上具有衍射光栅的第二不同的区域,其中,所述磁性排列颜料形成随着视角或入射光角度的改变而看起来移动的图像,并且其中所述衍射光栅用作参照物,所述图像看起来相对于所述参照物移动;
还包括图案分段的反射层,其中,能够同时看到至少一些所述磁性排列颜料和至少一些所述图案反射层。
4.一种防伪装置,包括:
基底;
覆盖有磁性排列颜料的第一区域和其上具有衍射光栅的第二不同的区域,其中,所述磁性排列颜料形成随着视角或入射光角度的改变而看起来移动的图像,并且其中所述衍射光栅用作参照物,所述图像看起来相对于所述参照物移动;
以及其中所述第一区域包含在所述第二不同区域的边界内,或者其中所述第二不同区域包含在所述第一区域的边界内,并且其中所述衍射光栅和所述磁性排列颜料都可以从所述防伪装置的一侧被看到;和
反射层或高折射率层,其中所述高折射率层具有等于或大于1.61的折射率。
5.根据权利要求4所限定的防伪装置,其中,所述反射层或高折射率层被图案化而形成窗口,在所述窗口处所述反射层的一部分或所述高折射率层的一部分缺失。
6.一种防伪装置,包括图案反射光学结构,所述图案反射光学结构具有:
其中或其上具有衍射光栅的基底;
紧邻或邻近所述衍射光栅的至少部分反射层;和,
由所述基底支撑的磁性排列颜料层;
其中,所述至少部分反射层是高折射率且部分透射的层。
7.一种防伪装置,包括图案反射光学结构,所述图案反射光学结构具有:
其中或其上具有衍射光栅的基底;
紧邻或邻近所述衍射光栅的至少部分反射层;和,
由所述基底支撑的磁性排列颜料层;
其中,所述至少部分反射层是分段反射层。
8.一种防伪装置,包括图案反射光学结构,所述图案反射光学结构具有:
其中或其上具有衍射光栅的基底;
紧邻或邻近所述衍射光栅的至少部分反射层;和,
由所述基底支撑的磁性排列颜料层;
其中,所述衍射光栅形成全息图,并且其中所述磁性排列颜料层印刷在所述全息图外。
9.一种防伪装置,包括图案反射光学结构,所述图案反射光学结构具有:
其中或其上具有衍射光栅的基底;
紧邻或邻近所述衍射光栅的至少部分反射层;和,
由所述基底支撑的磁性排列颜料层;
其中,所述衍射光栅形成全息图,并且其中所述磁性排列颜料层印刷在所述全息图内。
CN2006101507574A 2005-10-25 2006-10-25 具有增强防伪特性的图案光学结构 Active CN101011916B (zh)

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