CN100502648C - Industrialized culturing method for grouper - Google Patents

Industrialized culturing method for grouper Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100502648C
CN100502648C CNB2007100279310A CN200710027931A CN100502648C CN 100502648 C CN100502648 C CN 100502648C CN B2007100279310 A CNB2007100279310 A CN B2007100279310A CN 200710027931 A CN200710027931 A CN 200710027931A CN 100502648 C CN100502648 C CN 100502648C
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water
grouper
pond
breed
culture
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CN101053320A (en
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张海发
王云新
黄国光
刘付永忠
张敏
黄培卫
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GUANGDONG DAYAWAN AQUATIC PRODUCTS EXPERIMENT CENTER
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GUANGDONG DAYAWAN AQUATIC PRODUCTS EXPERIMENT CENTER
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The present invention discloses a grouper factory culturing method comprising the following steps: (1) Treatment water for culture: disinfecting and sterilizing culturation water by ozone and ultraviolet radiation, then filtering and detecting and controlling water quality; (2) Selection fry: selecting 12 to 15cm grouper fry without nervous necrosis virus; (3) Culturation for grouper: To discharge culturation water qualified by detected into culture pond, to stock the selected fry into pond, to control the content of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and bacterial in pond, and to control culture density and PH of culture water, to feed everyday; (4) During culturing procession to recycle treatment culture water, that is to separate protein for culture water, after disinfecting and sterilizing by ozone and ultraviolet radiation to process biological nitrification, and then filtering so as to renew culture water; (5) Pollution absorption, washing pond bottom and changing water each day, keeping pond wall and pond bottom cleaning. This method has high efficiency and environment protecting, using this method to produce grouper having good quality, high yield, health and high survival rate, lower feed coefficient.

Description

Factory culturing method for grouper
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of aquaculture method, relate in particular to a kind of factory culturing method for grouper.
Background technology
Grouper (Epinephelus sp.) fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, market price height, in demand.In recent years, Japan, Korea S, Southeast Asia and Oceanian many countries are all actively developing propagating artificially of grouper.There is the tradition of culturing grouper in Guangdong, also is the main product ground that China grouper is cultured.The essential characteristic of mariculture industry of 21 century of marching toward is high-quality, efficient, health and sustainable development.Under limited fishery resources situation, the sustainable growth of fishery must be sought development in the breed fishery, increase cultivation density, improves unit of water body output, and suitably increase can be supported the waters.Use existing traditional cultural technique, can not adapt to the requirement of China to the aquaculture development, problem is with traditional breeding way, has been difficult to increase substantially yield per unit area, cultures comparative effectiveness and descends.
In recent years, a kind of aquaculture model of closure intensification quietly rises, and the characteristics of this kind breed pattern because of not being subjected to extraneous natural environment restriction, saving land water-saving and can carry out large-scale industrialized production under people's control condition just more and more obtain paying attention to and using.Yet along with the high development of culture fishery, the environmental pollution that aquatile depends on for existence is outstanding day by day.Therefore causing aquatic animal to culture disease aggravates year by year, according to national fishing sector statistics, annual national aquaculture production due to illness evil is healed 7,000,000,000 yuans to the loss that fishery causes, the generation of aquiculture disease has not only restricted further developing of producing, and because medicines such as abuse antibiotic cause aquatic product quality to descend, the edible safety of aquaculture product can not get ensureing, has influenced the sustainable development of aquaculture to a great extent.On the other hand, the development tradition is cultured with the contradiction of the pollution that controls environment also outstanding day by day, and more American-European developed countries have limited breeding wastewater and directly discharged to natural water area.For the quality safety of guaranteeing aquatic food is vigorously implemented healthy aquaculture and is seemed urgent day by day culturing the environmental protection in waters with strengthening.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of factory culturing method for grouper of efficient, environmental protection, the grouper quality of using this method to obtain is good, output is high, and culture the survival rate height, feed coefficient is low.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical measures: a kind of factory culturing method for grouper, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) breeding water is handled: will culture water after ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light sterilization, and filter, and detect control water quality;
(2) fry is selected: selection does not have the lithosporic fry of 12~15cm of nervous necrosis virus;
(3) breed of grouper: qualified after testing breeding water is injected in the breed pond, the fry of choosing is put in a suitable place to breed in the pond, control the concentration of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and bacterium in the pond this moment, and the pH value of control cultivation density and breeding water; The feed of throwing something and feeding every day;
(4) in the process of culturing, breeding water is carried out the circular treatment utilization, promptly breeding water is carried out Separation of Proteins, after ozone and the disinfection by ultraviolet light sterilization, carry out biological nitration, refilter water quality is upgraded;
(5) at the bottom of every day soil pick-up and the service sink and change water, keep clean at the bottom of pool wall and the pond.
The concrete steps of described step (2) are: select seed healthy and strong, that body surface does not have wound, nothing deformity, use conventional PCR detection technique that seed is carried out nervous necrosis virus (NNV) then and detect, the seed that nervous necrosis virus is not carried in selection is used for culturing.
The step of culturing the water circulation processing in the described step (4) is:
Handle by Protein Skimmer, produce huge bubbles volume and imperceptible bubble by Protein Skimmer, utilize then trickle steam foam with the organic matter in the water body at undecomposed one-tenth NH 3/ NH 4Remove from filtration system etc. harmful substance, the organic matter more than 80% can be separated;
In Separation of Proteins, in separator, quantitatively inject ozone, described ozone is produced by ozone generating-device.Reduction reaction is constantly taking place in ozone in water, produce extremely strong antozone [O] and the hydroxyl [OH] of oxidability; Antozone (O), hydroxyl [OH] all have the ability of various pathogenic bacteria of extremely strong destruction and der Pilz cell membrane, and rapid permeability is to the interior pathogen kill of cell membrane;
Utilization redox potential instrument (ORP) detects and regulation and control water quality, redox potential instrument reading and ozone are to the killing effect height correlation of many microorganisms and bacterium, promptly the bacteriology index with water quality is relevant, the redox potential instrument can detect the efficient oxidation ability of ozone, detect by the redox potential instrument and to be easy to show water quality even startup or close ozone generating-device by electronic instrument, thereby keep water quality good, in breeding process, setting redox potential instrument value is 320, just automatically start ozone generating-devices when redox potential instrument value is lower than 320, the bacterium index that can effectively control in the breeding water body of processing can not damage the breed fish again like this.
Pass through UV treatment again through the ozone breed water of handling that disappears, further carry out disinfection culturing water.Ultraviolet ray is a kind of very strong virus, killing bacteria agent, its disinfective action is not subjected to the influence of water temperature in the water body, salinity and pH value, and sterilization time of contact short (generally 0.5-1 second), and is efficient, fast, do not increase any solids in the water body again, be particularly suitable for big flow and cycling use of water.
At last by the biological nitration filtration treatment, the biological nitration pond is the hotbed of nitrifying bacteria, when processing water passed through, suspension was held back by filtrate, and colloidal substance is attracted to the surface of filtrate, carry out the nitrification and denitrification reaction on the biomembrane that in the biofilter, forms, ammonia nitrogen in the water is degraded, remove ammonia nitrogen, simultaneously, filter through powerful, water quality is upgraded.Nitrification tank coral layer of sand, pottery circular layer and active carbon layer successively constitutes, and wherein the thickness of coral layer of sand is that the thickness of 50mm pottery circular layer is that the thickness of 30mm, active carbon layer is 20mm.
Described breed pond can be circular or square, and its volume is 10~40m 3, and drainage pattern in the middle of adopting, culture during convenient the breed pond the cleaning blowdown, change water.And cultivation density is controlled at 40~70 tails/m 3PH value tail 7.5~8.0, dissolved oxygen 5~8mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 0.5~2.0mg/L, nitrite 5~10 μ g/L, 800 of bacteria total amounts/below the mL, be to culture pool environment to have enough nutrients, amount of oxygen to satisfy the grouper growth needs, the control of bacteria total amount can prevent grouper that bacteriosis and parasite are taken place.The salinity of breeding water should be controlled at 20 ‰~25 ‰ in addition, general seawater salinity finds that after deliberation grouper grows the fastest under 20 ‰~25 ‰ salinity condition about 30 ‰.After seed is put into and cultures the pond, slowly in cultivating system, add clean fresh water,, drop to 20 ‰~25 ‰ backs and just keep this salinity conditions always to reduce by 0.5 ‰~1 ‰ speed desalination cultivation water gradually every day.
Described feed is a soft pellet diet, and its optimization formula is: the eel material: following trash fish: squid: shrimp: vitamin=49:40:5:5:1, the injected volume of feed are 1~2% of fish body weight, throw in every day 2 times.
For fear of the use of antibiotic etc, the present invention can do further improvement: 0.5~2% the amount of promptly pressing feed weight in the feed described in the step (3) is added the seawater multidimensional, strengthens the immunity of fish.
Method provided by the invention can also be done further improvement, promptly carries out a fresh water in the step (4) per 1~2 week and bathes, and regularly uses the fresh water bathing, regularly changes the pond, and carries out disinfection to culturing the pond and culturing apparatus, with prevention parasite and bacteriosis; The fries of the different sizes of regular sub-sieve during culturing, and will culture the workshop and isolate.
Use the method culturing Epinephelus coioides, it is fair that growth rate is compared with cage culture, and survival rate reaches 92%, far above 40~60% of cage culture; Feed coefficient is 1.1, far below 1.8~2.2 of cage culture; The culturing Epinephelus coioides quality obviously improves, product detects through sending relevant department, the residual analysis result of medicine is that indexs such as sulfamido, malachite green, terramycin, chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and furazolidone all do not detect, and Epinephelus coioides product health, the safety of using this method to culture are described.
Embodiment
Following examples are industrial aquaculture tests of carrying out in Dayawan Aquatic Products Experimental Center, Guangdong Prov., only as concrete elaboration content of the present invention, can not be understood as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art all can realize purpose of the present invention according to above technology contents.
Embodiment one
(1) breeding water is handled: will culture water after ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light sterilization, and filter, and detect control water quality.
(2) fry is selected: selection is healthy and strong, body surface does not have wound, do not have lopsided seed, uses the PCR method that seed is carried out nervous necrosis virus (NNV) then and detects, and selection does not have the lithosporic fry of the 12cm of nervous necrosis virus.
(3) breed of grouper: qualified after testing breeding water is discharged into circular the breed in the pond, and described breed pond can be circular, and its volume is 10m 3, and drainage pattern in the middle of adopting, culture during convenient the breed pond the cleaning blowdown, change water.Cultivation density is controlled at 40 tails/m 3, the pH value is 7.5, dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 2.0mg/L, nitrite 5 μ g/L, 800 of bacteria total amounts/below the mL, be to culture pool environment to have enough nutrients, amount of oxygen to satisfy the grouper growth needs, the control of bacteria total amount can prevent grouper that bacteriosis and parasite are taken place.In cultivating system, add clean fresh water in addition, desalinate salinity gradually to 23 ‰ to reduce by 0.5 ‰ speed every day.Injected volume is 1.5% a feed of fish body weight, throws in every day 2 times.And the amount by 0.5% in feed is added the seawater multidimensional, strengthens the immunity of fish.The prescription of described feed is: eel material: following trash fish: squid: shrimp: vitamin=49:40:5:5:1.
(4) carry out circular treatment breed water by Protein Skimmer (BV-2 type) processing to culturing water during the breed, the organic matter in the water body in harmful substances such as undecomposed one-tenth NH3/NH4, is removed from filtration system; In Separation of Proteins, quantitatively inject ozone in separator, ozone content is 0.05-0.08ppm, and reduction reaction is constantly taking place in water ozone, destroy the ability of various pathogenic bacteria and der Pilz cell membrane, and rapid permeability is to the interior pathogen kill of cell membrane; And utilization redox potential instrument (TUNZE board mV/O3-Controller Set) detects and regulation and control water quality, be easy to show water quality, start or close ozone generating-device (the anti-solid VGO3 type of prestige) by the detection of redox potential instrument by electronic instrument, thereby keep water quality good, in breeding process, setting redox potential instrument value is 320, when being lower than 320, redox potential instrument value just starts ozone generating-device automatically, the breed water of handling through ozonization passes through UV treatment again, further carries out disinfection to culturing water.By the biological nitration filtration treatment, nitrification tank is followed successively by coral layer of sand, pottery circular layer and active carbon layer and constitutes at last, and wherein the thickness of coral layer of sand is that the thickness of 50mm pottery circular layer is that the thickness of 30mm, active carbon layer is 20mm.Carry out the nitrification and denitrification reaction on the biomembrane that forms in the biofilter, the ammonia nitrogen in the water is degraded, remove ammonia nitrogen, filter through powerful then, the water quality of the breed water that makes is upgraded.
(5) at the bottom of every day soil pick-up and the service sink and change water, keep clean at the bottom of pool wall and the pond.
Embodiment two
Different with embodiment one is that step (2) fry is selected: the lithosporic fry of selecting not have the 15cm of nervous necrosis virus.
The breed of step (3) grouper: qualified after testing breeding water is discharged into circular the breed in the pond, and described breed pond can be square, and its volume is 40m 3, and drainage pattern in the middle of adopting, culture during convenient the breed pond the cleaning blowdown, change water.Cultivation density is controlled at 70 tails/m 3, the pH value is 8.0, dissolved oxygen 8mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 2.0mg/L, nitrite 10 μ g/L, 800 of bacteria total amounts/below the mL, be to culture pool environment to have enough nutrients, amount of oxygen to satisfy the grouper growth needs, the control of bacteria total amount can prevent grouper that bacteriosis and parasite are taken place.In cultivating system, add clean fresh water in addition, desalinate salinity gradually to 20 ‰ to reduce by 1 ‰ speed every day.Injected volume is 2% a feed of fish body weight, throws in every day 2 times.And the amount by 1% in feed is added the seawater multidimensional, strengthens the immunity of fish.The prescription of described feed is: eel material: following trash fish: squid: shrimp: vitamin=49:40:5:5:1.
During the breed, carry out a fresh water per 2 week and bathe, change the pond, and carry out disinfection, with prevention parasite and bacteriosis culturing the pond and culturing apparatus.At the bottom of every day soil pick-up and the service sink and change water, keep clean at the bottom of pool wall and the pond.The fries of the different sizes of regular sub-sieve during culturing, and will culture the workshop and isolate.
Embodiment three
Different with embodiment one, two is that step (2) fry is selected: the lithosporic fry of selecting not have the 13cm of nervous necrosis virus.
The breed of step (3) grouper: qualified after testing breeding water is discharged in the square breed pond, and described breed pond can be circular, and its volume is 10m 3, and drainage pattern in the middle of adopting, culture during convenient the breed pond the cleaning blowdown, change water.Cultivation density is controlled at 50 tails/m 3, the pH value is 7.6, dissolved oxygen 7mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 1.5mg/L, nitrite 8 μ g/L, 800 of bacteria total amounts/below the mL, be to culture pool environment to have enough nutrients, amount of oxygen to satisfy the grouper growth needs, the control of bacteria total amount can prevent grouper that bacteriosis and parasite are taken place.In cultivating system, add clean fresh water in addition, desalinate salinity gradually to 25 ‰ to reduce by 0.8 ‰ speed every day.Injected volume is 1% a feed of fish body weight, throws in every day 2 times.And the amount by 2% in feed is added the seawater multidimensional, strengthens the immunity of fish.
During the breed, carry out a fresh water per 1 week and bathe, change the pond, and carry out disinfection, with prevention parasite and bacteriosis culturing the pond and culturing apparatus.At the bottom of every day soil pick-up and the service sink and change water, keep clean at the bottom of pool wall and the pond.The fries of the different sizes of regular sub-sieve during culturing, and will culture the workshop and isolate.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of factory culturing method for grouper is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) breeding water is handled: will culture water after ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light sterilization, and filter, and detect control water quality;
(2) fry is selected: selection does not have the lithosporic fry of 12~15cm of nervous necrosis virus;
(3) breed of grouper: qualified after testing breeding water is injected in the breed pond, the fry of choosing is put in a suitable place to breed in the pond, control the concentration of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and bacterium in the pond this moment, and the pH value of control cultivation density and breeding water; The feed of throwing something and feeding every day;
(4) in the process of culturing breeding water is carried out the circular treatment utilization, circulation time carries out Separation of Proteins to breeding water, after ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light sterilization, carries out biological nitration, refilters water quality is upgraded;
(5) at the bottom of every day soil pick-up and the service sink and change water, keep clean at the bottom of pool wall and the pond.
2, factory culturing method for grouper according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described step (2) are: select body surface not have wound, do not have lopsided seed, use conventional PCR to detect then seed is carried out the nervous necrosis virus detection, the seed of selecting not carry nervous necrosis virus is used for culturing.
3, factory culturing method for grouper according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the step of culturing the water circulation processing in the described step (4) is:
Breeding water is handled by Protein Skimmer; In Separation of Proteins, in separator, quantitatively inject the ozone that produces by ozone generating-device, ozone content is 0.05-0.08ppm; The breed water of handling through ozonization passes through the biological nitration filtration treatment again, and the water quality of the breed water that makes is upgraded.
4, factory culturing method for grouper according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the breed water of handling through ozonization carries out the disinfection by ultraviolet light processing again.
5, factory culturing method for grouper according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the redox potential instrument value of the setting during described ozone generating-device comes is 320, just starts ozone generating-device automatically when redox potential instrument value is lower than 320.
6, factory culturing method for grouper according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the breed pond described in the step (3) can be circular or square, and its volume is 10~40m 3, and drainage pattern in the middle of adopting, cultivation density is controlled at 40~70 tails/m 3, the pH value is 7.5~8.0, dissolved oxygen 5~8mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen 0.5~2.0mg/L, nitrite 5~10 μ g/L, 800 of bacteria total amounts/below the mL; The salinity of breeding water is controlled at 20 ‰~25 ‰.
7, factory culturing method for grouper according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the salinity of described breed water is by adding clean fresh water in cultivating system, and 0.5 ‰~1 ‰ speed desalinates gradually to reduce every day.
8, factory culturing method for grouper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described feed is a soft pellet diet, and its prescription is: eel material: following trash fish: squid: shrimp: vitamin=49:40:5:5:1; The feeding volume of feed is 1~2% of a fish body weight, throws something and feeds every day 2 times.
9, according to claim 1 or 8 described factory culturing method for grouper, it is characterized in that: in the feed described in the step (3), press 0.5~2% heavy amount of feed and add the seawater multidimensional.
10, factory culturing method for grouper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described method also comprises: carry out a fresh water per 1~2 week and bathe and change the pond.
CNB2007100279310A 2007-05-09 2007-05-09 Industrialized culturing method for grouper Expired - Fee Related CN100502648C (en)

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