CN100464458C - High power fuel cell capable of making fuel hydrogen gas pressure stabilization - Google Patents

High power fuel cell capable of making fuel hydrogen gas pressure stabilization Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100464458C
CN100464458C CNB2004100677085A CN200410067708A CN100464458C CN 100464458 C CN100464458 C CN 100464458C CN B2004100677085 A CNB2004100677085 A CN B2004100677085A CN 200410067708 A CN200410067708 A CN 200410067708A CN 100464458 C CN100464458 C CN 100464458C
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hydrogen
pressure
valve
fuel cell
depressurized
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CN1770533A (en
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夏建伟
胡里清
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Co
Shanghai Shenli Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Shen Li High Tech Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

This invention relates to one fuel hydrogen pressure stability large power fuel battery, which comprises fuel battery set, air filtering device, air compression supply device, air humidity adding device, air water to gas isolator, hydrogen water to gas isolator, hydrogen recycle pump, water box, cooling recycle pump, dissipation device, hydrogen storage device, hydrogen charging valve, hydrogen super voltage magnetic valve, hydrogen first degree releasing valve, first hydrogen second releasing stability valve, hydrogen humidity adding device, hydrogen low voltage magnetic valve and second hydrogen second releasing valve.

Description

A kind of high power fuel cell that makes fuel hydrogen gas pressure stabilization
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell, relate in particular to a kind of high power fuel cell that makes fuel hydrogen gas pressure stabilization.
Background technology
Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that hydrogen and oxidant can be changed into electric energy and product.The internal core parts of this device are membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly are called for short MEA), and membrane electrode (MEA) is made up of as carbon paper a proton exchange membrane, two porous conductive materials of film two sides folder.The catalyst that contains the initiation electrochemical reaction of even tiny dispersion on two boundary faces of film and carbon paper is as the metal platinum catalyst.The electronics that the membrane electrode both sides can will take place to generate in the electrochemical reaction process with conductive body is drawn by external circuit, constitutes current circuit.
At the anode tap of membrane electrode, fuel can pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper) by infiltration, and electrochemical reaction takes place on catalyst surface, lose electronics, form cation, cation can pass proton exchange membrane by migration, arrives the other end cathode terminal of membrane electrode.At the cathode terminal of membrane electrode, contain the gas of oxidant (as oxygen), as air, pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper), and the generation electrochemical reaction obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion by infiltration.The cation of coming in the anion and the anode tap migration of cathode terminal formation reacts, and forms product.
Adopting hydrogen is fuel, and the air that contains oxygen is in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxidant (or pure oxygen is an oxidant), and fuel hydrogen has just produced hydrogen cation (or being proton) in the catalytic electrochemical reaction of anode region.Proton exchange membrane helps the hydrogen cation to move to the cathodic region from the anode region.In addition, proton exchange membrane is separated the air-flow and the oxygen containing air-flow of hydrogen fuel, they can not mixed mutually and produces explosion type reaction.
In the cathodic region, oxygen obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion, and moves the hydrogen cation reaction of coming, reaction of formation product water with the anode region.In the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that adopts hydrogen, air (oxygen), anode reaction and cathode reaction can be expressed in order to following equation:
Anode reaction: H 2→ 2H ++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O 2+ 2H ++ 2e → H 2O
In typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, membrane electrode (MEA) generally all is placed in the middle of the pole plate of two conductions, and quarter is milled by die casting, punching press or machinery in the surface that every guide plate contacts with membrane electrode, and formation is the guiding gutter of one or more at least.These guide plates can above metal material pole plate, also can be the pole plate of graphite material.Fluid duct on these guide plates and guiding gutter import fuel and oxidant the anode region and the cathodic region on membrane electrode both sides respectively.In the structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell, only there is a membrane electrode, the membrane electrode both sides are respectively the baffler of anode fuel and the baffler of cathode oxidant.These bafflers are both as current collector plate, and also as the mechanical support on membrane electrode both sides, the guiding gutter on the baffler acts as a fuel again and enters the passage of anode, cathode surface with oxidant, and as the passage of taking away the water that generates in the fuel cell operation process.
In order to increase the gross power of whole Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, two or more monocells can be connected into battery pack or be unified into battery pack by the mode that tiles usually by straight folded mode.In straight folded, in-line battery pack, can there be guiding gutter on the two sides of a pole plate, and wherein one side can be used as the anode guide face of a membrane electrode, and another side can be used as the cathode diversion face of another adjacent membranes electrode, and this pole plate is called bipolar plates.A series of monocell connects together by certain way and forms a battery pack.Battery pack tightens together by front end-plate, end plate and pull bar usually and becomes one.
A typical battery stack generally includes: the water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas are distributed to fuel (hydrogen-rich gas that obtains as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably after reforming; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water) are evenly distributed to cooling fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, and the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated is also taken battery pack out of and dispelled the heat; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when discharging, and portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of steam state.Usually, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on the end plate of fuel battery or on two end plates.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be used as the dynamical system of delivery vehicles such as car, ship, can be used as movable type, fixed Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) again.
When Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be used as car, ship power system or movable type and stationary power generation station, must comprise battery pile, fuel hydrogen supply system, air supply subsystem, cooling heat dissipation subsystem, control and electric energy output various piece automatically.
Fig. 1 is the fuel cell generation of typical a kind of more high-power output, and 1 is fuel cell pack in Fig. 1; 2 are storage hydrogen bottle or other hydrogen-storing devices; 3 is hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve; 4 is air filter; 5 is the air compression feeding mechanism; 6 ', 6 is water-vapour separator; 7 is water tank; 8 is the cooling fluid circulating pump; 9 is radiator; 10 is the hydrogen circulating pump; 11,12 is humidifying device; 13 is the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve; 15 is hydrogen charging valve; 16 is the hydrogen high-pressure solenoid valve.
For the operation that guarantees that the high power fuel cell electricity generation system is stable, safe, guarantee that it is very crucial carrying the hydrogen of enough flows and steady pressure to the high power fuel cell heap.
According to the size of the fuel cell pack power output in the high power fuel cell electricity generation system, require the hydrogen supply subsystem in the fuel cell generation to carry the flow of hydrogen to have greatly changed.For example: the every output of fuel cell pack 100KW, approximately need to fuel cell pack carry greater than 1 standard cubic meter hydrogen/minute flow hydrogen.
For the operation that guarantees that this high-power (10~hundreds of kilowatts) fuel cell pack is stable, safe, fuel hydrogen supply subsystem in the fuel cell generation generally all must comprise hydrogen high-pressure solenoid valve, hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve, the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, to guarantee that hydrogen gas pressure stabilization is controlled when the flow hydrogen stream is to fuel cell pack greatly.To the fuel cell pack of low-pressure operation, the hydrogen operating pressure generally is no more than 1 atmospheric pressure of relative pressure.
To high power fuel cell (more than 10KW), and be no more than under 1 atmospheric service requirement prerequisite at the hydrogen operating pressure, the supply of fuel subsystem is in order to guarantee hydrogen and the pressure stable to the enough flows of fuel cell pack supply, at low-pressure end a hydrogen decompression low-pressure pressure maintaining valve must be arranged near the fuel cell pack end, this mechanical decompression low pressure pressure maintaining valve of holding concurrently, the supply that must under big flow hydrogen, keep steady hydrogen pressure.Both made under the very big situation of hydrogen flowing quantity fluctuation, its supply pressure fluctuation can be very not big yet.For this decompression Machine Design of low-pressure pressure maintaining valve of holding concurrently, generally be to guarantee that this valve front end has more stable Hydrogen Vapor Pressure supply, otherwise this valve also is difficult to guarantee the effect of its steady hydrogen pressure.
So the technical scheme of above-mentioned fuel hydrogen supply subsystem has following technological deficiency:
When the more stable Hydrogen Vapor Pressure of the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve front end guaranteed to provide, this valve can keep more stable Hydrogen Vapor Pressure supply to fuel cell pack under the situation of very big hydrogen flowing quantity fluctuation supply; But when fuel cell generation just started, General System can be instructed and be opened hydrogen high pressure end electromagnetically operated valve automatically, and at this moment, the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure that reduces pressure through hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve can be applied to suddenly on the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve.This suddenly exerting pressure can be caused very big compression shock to the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, cause this valve can't hold the hydrogen steady pressure of original setting, not only this valve causes easily owing to compression shock damages, and this valve causes fuel cell pack can bear the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure more much bigger than the hydrogen operating pressure of original setting because can't steady pressure.When this situation is serious, can make fuel cell pack be in dangerous high-pressure state, cause damaging.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly when providing a kind of the startup in order to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists or still can makes the high power fuel cell of fuel hydrogen gas pressure stabilization during the sources of hydrogen pressure anomaly.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of high power fuel cell that makes fuel hydrogen gas pressure stabilization, comprise fuel cell pack, air filter, the air compression feeding mechanism, the air humidification device, air water-vapour separator, hydrogen water-vapour separator, the hydrogen circulating pump, water tank, the cooling fluid circulating pump, radiator, hydrogen-storing device, hydrogen charging valve, the hydrogen high-pressure solenoid valve, hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve, the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, the hydrogen humidifying device, it is characterized in that, also comprise the hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve, the second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve.
Described hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve is positioned at the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve front, and the one end is communicated with the hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve port of export, and the other end is communicated with the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve arrival end.
The described second hydrogen secondary Pressure-stabilizing pressure reducing valve is connected in parallel on the hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve and the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve.
Described hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve is a high-pressure type.
The described first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve is the low pressure and mass flow type.
The described second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve is the high-pressure low-flow type.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is in fuel hydrogen supply subsystem, added a hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve in the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve front, this valve is that a kind of caliber is thicker, withstand voltage lower, the electromagnetically operated valve that can allow big flow hydrogen stream cross, an and last high pressure in parallel again, the second hydrogen second depressurized venting valve of low discharge type, the characteristics of this valve are that arrival end can bear very high pressure oscillation scope even impact, but, be in set point pressure with interior (for example less than 1 atmospheric pressure) so can very stably modulate the hydrogen output pressure because the output hydrogen flowing quantity is little.
When fuel cell generation just started, system command was all set hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve and the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, the second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve on certain operating pressure point before opening the hydrogen high-pressure solenoid valve automatically in advance again.When the hydrogen high-pressure solenoid valve threw open, hydrogen entered fuel cell pack through the second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, forms certain Hydrogen Vapor Pressure.(after the several seconds) after a while, Time Delay Opening hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve, big flow hydrogen flow to fuel cell pack after through the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve.At this moment, because of existing certain Hydrogen Vapor Pressure in the fuel cell pack of rear end, so valve can be because of not applying the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure damage threshold that impacts itself suddenly, can be because of not causing the fuel cell pack damage by steady pressure yet.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing fuel cell;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fuel cell of the present invention.
Among Fig. 23: hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve, 13 first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valves, 15: hydrogen charging valve, 16: hydrogen high-pressure solenoid valve, 17: hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve, 18: the second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valves.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As Fig. 2, and in conjunction with shown in Figure 1, a kind of high power fuel cell that makes fuel hydrogen gas pressure stabilization comprises fuel cell pack 1, air filter 4, air compression feeding mechanism 5, air humidification device 12, air water-vapour separator 6 ', hydrogen water-vapour separator 6, hydrogen circulating pump 10, water tank 7, cooling fluid circulating pump 8, radiator 9, hydrogen-storing device 2, hydrogen charging valve 15, hydrogen high-pressure solenoid valve 16, hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve 3, hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve 17, the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve 13, the second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, hydrogen humidifying device 11.Described hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve 17 is positioned at the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, 13 fronts, and the one end is communicated with hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve 3 ports of export, and the other end is communicated with the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, 13 arrival ends.The described second hydrogen secondary Pressure-stabilizing pressure reducing valve 18 is connected in parallel on the hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve 17 and the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve 13.Described hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve 3 is a high-pressure type.The described first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve 13 is the low pressure and mass flow type.The described second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve 18 is the high-pressure low-flow type.
In the embodiment of the invention, the battery pile rated output power in the fuel cell is 120KW; High pressure hydrogen tank Hydrogen Vapor Pressure scope is 300 atmospheric pressure to 20 atmospheric pressure; Hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve input Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is 300 to 20 atmospheric pressure, and the output setting pressure is 5 atmospheric pressure; The second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, 18 input Hydrogen Vapor Pressure scopes are 200 to 5 atmospheric pressure, and output pressure is set in 0.6~0.8 atmospheric pressure; The first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, 13 input Hydrogen Vapor Pressure scopes are 18 to 3 atmospheric pressure, and the output Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is set in 0.6~0.8 atmospheric pressure.Carry out hydrogen fuel by Fig. 2 and connect supply to fuel cell pack.When fuel cell is received starting order, can open hydrogen high-pressure solenoid valve 16 automatically, open hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve 17 5 seconds of delaying time again, fuel cell pack bears 0.8 atmospheric Hydrogen Vapor Pressure all the time.
When fuel cell pack reaches the high-power output state of output 120KW, reach 1.3 cubic meters per minute to the hydrogen flowing quantity of fuel cell pack supply, the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure that this moment, fuel cell pack bore is 0.6 atmospheric pressure.Under other fuel cell operation status, the pressure limit of bearing hydrogen all is controlled between 0.8~0.6 atmospheric pressure, thereby has guaranteed the stability of high power fuel cell fuel hydrogen supply pressure in service.

Claims (1)

1. fuel cell that can make fuel hydrogen gas pressure stabilization, comprise fuel cell pack, air filter, air compression feeding mechanism, air humidification device, air water-vapour separator, hydrogen water-vapour separator, hydrogen circulating pump, water tank, cooling fluid circulating pump, radiator, hydrogen-storing device, hydrogen charging valve, hydrogen high-pressure solenoid valve, hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve, the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve, hydrogen humidifying device, it is characterized in that, also comprise hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve, the second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve; Described hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve is positioned at the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve front, and the one end is communicated with the hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve port of export, and the other end is communicated with the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve arrival end; The described second hydrogen secondary Pressure-stabilizing pressure reducing valve is connected in parallel on the hydrogen low-voltage solenoid valve and the first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve; Described hydrogen one-level pressure-reducing valve is a high-pressure type; The described first hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve is the low pressure and mass flow type; The described second hydrogen second depressurized pressure maintaining valve is the high-pressure low-flow type.
CNB2004100677085A 2004-11-02 2004-11-02 High power fuel cell capable of making fuel hydrogen gas pressure stabilization Expired - Lifetime CN100464458C (en)

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Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100463278C (en) * 2007-04-27 2009-02-18 新源动力股份有限公司 Fuel batter system with proton exchange film used for high-performance vehicle and ship
CN102013505B (en) * 2010-11-15 2012-09-12 新源动力股份有限公司 Automotive fuel cell hydrogen circulating system
CN109950580B (en) * 2019-04-22 2022-02-11 重庆大学 Low-cost fuel cell stack anode working pressure rapid regulating system
CN112240485A (en) * 2020-03-05 2021-01-19 北京新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司 Hydrogenation port device for fuel cell vehicle and fuel cell vehicle provided with same
CN111430750B (en) * 2020-04-02 2023-02-17 重庆大学 Intelligent control system for anode pressure of fuel cell automobile stack
CN112201810B (en) * 2020-09-25 2024-05-28 上海华熵能源科技有限公司 Hydrogen fuel cell device for stabilizing air supply

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002246045A (en) * 2001-02-20 2002-08-30 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell system
JP2003100334A (en) * 2001-09-25 2003-04-04 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell system and ejector
WO2003043114A2 (en) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-22 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell power plant
US20030203258A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-10-30 Yang Jefferson Ys Fuel cell system with liquid cooling device
JP2004179054A (en) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-24 Honda Motor Co Ltd Power generation shutdown method of fuel cell system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002246045A (en) * 2001-02-20 2002-08-30 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell system
JP2003100334A (en) * 2001-09-25 2003-04-04 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell system and ejector
WO2003043114A2 (en) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-22 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell power plant
US20030203258A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-10-30 Yang Jefferson Ys Fuel cell system with liquid cooling device
JP2004179054A (en) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-24 Honda Motor Co Ltd Power generation shutdown method of fuel cell system

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