CN100444070C - Setting method for fault diagnosis and accident prediction - Google Patents
Setting method for fault diagnosis and accident prediction Download PDFInfo
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- CN100444070C CN100444070C CNB2005100954129A CN200510095412A CN100444070C CN 100444070 C CN100444070 C CN 100444070C CN B2005100954129 A CNB2005100954129 A CN B2005100954129A CN 200510095412 A CN200510095412 A CN 200510095412A CN 100444070 C CN100444070 C CN 100444070C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a setting method for diagnosing faults and predicting accidents. The present invention comprises a real-time data interface and a processing module of a power plant and provides various data interfaces, and the collection and the processing of data are completed; a fault diagnosing and accident predicting module monitors the state of a device in real time, fault diagnosis and early warning can be carried out in time, and the suggestions of operation processing can be prompted; the present invention is based on process monitoring, fault diagnosis and accident analysis and prediction of real time data used for process monitoring systems; a real time and history data base system module is used for providing data service for an alarm processing module, and a functional form is used for providing the fast enquiry of real time and history data; an alarm unit generates alarm information to an alarm calculation function processing unit, and an alarm container organizing and managing unit. The present invention integrates process monitoring, fault diagnosis, accident analysis and prediction and on-line operation guide into a whole.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the system of production safety operation of enterprise of a kind of power plant and management, the method to set up and the system of set of fault diagnosis specifically and accident prediction.
Two, background technology
The fired power generating unit of China is owing to be subjected to manufacturing process and material, design and installation level and running technology situation, the particularly restriction of subjective and objective factor such as changeable, the peaking operation mode of fuel, the security of unit operation and economic index and external advanced level also have suitable gap.Statistical data shows that breakdown rate such as boiler body, water supply system, turbine body, generator body are than higher.According to the statistics of China Power federation in 2003, the average unplanned stoppage in transit number of times of 5 years statistics of 135MW unit reaches 4.1 times/year.According to the statistics of China Power federation in 2003, the 300MW unit had tangible downtrending in nearly 5 years, but 2004 still was 2.2 times/platform year, and 200MW unit non-number of times that stops in 2004 is 2.48 times/platform year, slightly increased than 2003.
From the non-statistics of stopping number of times of unit for many years, along with the increase of operating experience and the raising of operation level, the non-number of times that stops of unit decreases.2004 conventional fired power generating unit (888) unplanned stoppage in transit 1868 times takes place altogether, unplanned stoppage in transit T.T. is 87432.80 hours, the platform annual is respectively 2.10 times and 96.09 hours, wherein the unplanned stoppage in transit of duration above 300 hours is totally 15 times, 8570.12 hours unplanned idle times, account for 9.8% of whole unplanned stoppage in transit T.T.s.
From causing non-three principal elements of stopping of unit, the bad proportion 22.39% of product quality, also be the most formidable factor, the often non-life back of stopping paying out just can obtain by recollect with analysis afterwards, and this need carry out stricter must checking on to its quality when unit is paid.The bad proportion 21.7% of repair quality, closely related with the operational management of unit, by improving round management, increase service kit, optimization maintenance flow process, can reduce the improper non-number of times that stops that causes of maintenance greatly to maintenance.To deal with shared number percent improperly be 19.94% in operation, and it is relevant that main and operations staff's subjectivity are operated, emergency situation particularly takes place after the operations staff untimely to the reaction of DCS magnanimity information, be to cause the non-principal element of stopping of unit.Though it accounts for total non-ratio less than 20% of stopping number of times, this part unplanned stoppage in transit is avoidable technically, also is the non-main aspect of stopping losing of the easiest reduction, yet the design level of control system does not reach this requirement at present.The warning system of control system can not be predicted warning before accident takes place at present, and perhaps advance notice is reported to the police and is submerged in a large amount of information and can not knows fast for the operator on duty; Do not have perfect advance notice warning and accident fast query function again, can not after accident takes place, make operator on duty's fast query, say nothing of from a large amount of warnings and can distinguish the order of importance and emergency to accident and culprit; Such warning system can not satisfy the needs of operation to reporting to the police.In addition, some non-stopping is that product quality is bad and repair quality is bad causes to the eye, but to deal with improperly be the key factor that causes fault to enlarge in operation.
Since the middle and late sixties, the particularly nineties, be that the modern comfort fault diagnosis at center has obtained developing rapidly with the computing machine, emerge many commercial Computer Aided Monitoring and fault diagnosis system.The domestic research of carrying out Diagnosis Technique is to begin from early eighties, and a large amount of research works concentrates on the research of fault diagnosis and uses, and has also got many technological achievements, and these achievements mostly are various types of expert systems.No matter be the rotary machinery fault diagnosis of steam turbine, also be based on the boiler tube leak detection that spectral characteristics of noise is analyzed, key in fact work all is signal Processing and feature extraction, and its means that adopt have FFT technology, fuzzy mathematics, pattern-recognition, probability statistics, wavelet transformation and deformation geometry etc.Yet a large amount of real time datas of control system but do not make full use of.
More than analyze as can be seen, because various subjective and objective factors, present DCS warning system and all kinds of expert system can't change thermal power plant's safe operation present situation, and the safe operation situation of thermal power plant allows of no optimist.
Three, summary of the invention
At power plants safe operation and present fault diagnosis and accident prediction present situation, the present invention proposes based on the process supervision that is used for Process Control System, fault diagnosis, crash analysis and the forecast of real time data and the fault diagnosis of on-line operation guidance and the method and system of accident prediction, the present invention not only has the ability of collecting display message, the more important thing is that it has the function of intellectual monitoring, simulation analysis, can utilize more educated experience and or the simulation object model generalization analyze data, information, advise.It assists operating personnel's work under supervision operation, treatment facility fault and industrial accident on the one hand, instructs slip-stick artist, managerial personnel to formulate the production schedule on the other hand in real time, arranges plant maintenance schedule etc.It not only can provide the normal running reference to operating personnel, can also instruct operating personnel that the accident early prediction is made rapidly effectively reaction, tell process and reason that operating personnel's accident forms, propose to handle suggestion, effectively satisfied the needs of thermal power plant's safety in production.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals: the method to set up of fault diagnosis and accident prediction, with power plant comprise real time data interface and processing module, the several data interface is provided, system finishes the collection and the processing of data and handles; By fault diagnosis and accident prediction module real-time monitoring equipment state, in time carry out fault diagnosis and early warning, and suggestion is handled in the prompting operation; It is characterized in that: based on the process supervision that is used for Process Control System, fault diagnosis, crash analysis and the forecast of real time data; And the on-line operation fault diagnosis and the accident prediction that instruct, based in real time and the historical data base system module provide data, services for the warning processing module, system provides fast query to real-time and historical data with functional form; The warning processing module is with various data and information integration shows together and pass to alarm unit and the warning container is handled, and alarm unit is to warning calculation function processing unit, the warning message that warning container tissue and administrative alert unit are produced." warning locking " method of employing: when a cover pulverized coal preparation system of power plant was stopped transport, the negative pressure that locking is relevant was reported to the police; When giving pump shutdown, locking related pressure, flow alarm set point; The warning classification is carried out classification, with major pant item tripping operation, pitch bite, open by mistake, mistake is closed and the equipment state malfunction is classified main cause as and reported to the police; Lubricating oil pressure is low, cooling water pressure is low, the filter screen differential pressure is high classifies advance notice as and report to the police.
The present invention also is provided with accident playback function module, the historical data of the true DCS under the malfunction is remembered be input on the virtual emulation platform, and the operating condition of accident process, the operational circumstances of DCS are carried out playback, reflects the actual conditions of field accident really.
1. the structural design of fault diagnosis and accident prevention system for petrochemical
Fault diagnosis and accident prevention system for petrochemical structural design are flexible, both can become system separately, also can be integrated with the third party DCS close friend of system, in implementation process, have three kinds of modes available:
(1) based on existing DCS or SIS real time data, becomes system separately, form the workstation of independently reporting to the police;
(2) be support with existing DCS system, integrated with it, substitute original DCS warning system;
(3) be support with existing SIS server, the warning message service is provided, carry out the issue of WEB warning message.
2. fault diagnosis and accident prevention system for petrochemical function
2.1 eliminate false alarm information, alleviate operations staff's pressure.
We think that the warning that produces under process equipment and the technological parameter normal condition is false alarm.
Report to the police because the warning of present traditional DCS all is a definite value, and alarming logic comes into force always, such function design has produced a lot of false alarm information.For example, when unit variable load operation and variation of ambient temperature, the warning definite value of main steam pressure, flue gas oxygen amount should be the function of load; The low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature should be with variation of ambient temperature; When a cover pulverized coal preparation system was stopped transport, relevant negative pressure was reported to the police without any meaning, should be by locking; When and for example giving pump shutdown, related pressure, flow alarm set point also should be by lockings etc.; Operations staff's notice has been disturbed in the existence of a large amount of false alarm, reduces the trusting degree of operations staff to warning system simultaneously.
In fault diagnosis and accident prediction, there is the present situation of a large amount of false alarm information at present control system, we adopt following technical measures to eliminate false alarm:
(1) utilization mathematical modeling technique, based on object model, influence factor with certain measuring point is carried out comprehensive computing, draw the reasonable numerical value of this measuring point, consider computing and measurement aspect error again, what provide this measuring point should reach value and warning bound, adopts this technology, we can recognize the abnormal conditions of process system in the very first time, for possible accident provides the early warning means.
For example, temperature at different levels and burner hearth porch flue gas flow, temperature, steam flow close in the flue, and the temperature that we can calculate each measuring point of flue should reach value and warning bound, with this warning definite value and warning bound as flue each point temperature.
(2) we adopt method and means such as " warning locking ", " the parameter true and false is distinguished ", warning message is filtered, every warning " is had according to following ", for example when a cover pulverized coal preparation system is stopped transport, locking is carried out in warning to related process parameter (negative pressure, temperature etc.), eliminate false alarm information, alleviate operations staff's pressure.Improve the trusting degree of operations staff, make warning system become the effective tool that helps to realize safe operation warning system.
2..2 reduce repetition of alarms information
There is a large amount of repetition of alarms information in present traditional DCS, for example control system of power plant need monitor big amount temperature group, just should remind the operations staff to note when transfiniting more arbitrarily, its requirement is to allow the operations staff notice that certain equipment operation may exist unusually, but, at present the warning system of DCS with all measuring points of temperature group as a warning message, in other words, an equipment failure just may produce tens of warning messages, has disturbed operations staff's notice.
At power plant's process system characteristics, " warning container " mode of employing is eliminated repetition of alarms information, and all measuring points of temperature group reduce the interference of repetition of alarms to the operations staff as a warning message, make operations staff's notice concentrate on key point.
In addition, a large amount of redundant measuring points is arranged among the DCS, this part redundant mutually measuring point tends to produce respectively simultaneously warning, and these report to the police transmitting message context is repetition.If departing from of state of the art takes place, each measuring point all produces warning, such warning message, and we think low value.Adopt comprehensive method,, form a warning message, contain much information, be convenient to operations staff's analyzing and processing to concentrating with the alarm integrated processing of close measuring point.
For example: the low pipe outlet of west again wall temperature has 10 measuring points, and is as follows:
Low west again 47 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
Low west again 57 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
Low west again 67 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
Low west again 77 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
Low west again 87 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
Low west again 97 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
Low west again 7 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
Low west again 17 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
Low west again 27 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
Low west again 37 row #1 pipe outlet wall temperatures
The warning definite value is 510; Several Parameters out-of-limit situation simultaneously appears in unit operation regular meeting constantly; report to the police as long as occur; all send " the high limit of low western again escape hole wall temperature is reported to the police " information; can significantly reduce the warning message amount; concrete alarm set point also can inquire in the group that reports to the police, and similarly the temperature group handles and also has electricity generator stator coil temperature group, each big motor coil temperature group and bearing temperature etc.
2.3 all measuring points are reported to the police, realize unit safety production conduct monitoring at all levels.
At present traditional DCS is owing to exist a large amount of false alarm and repetition of alarms information, in order not disturb the operations staff, so the measuring point of control system has only about 30% to be provided with warning, but such measure has caused and can not in time forecast a lot of accident signs.For example: some body parameters, bearing temperature, motor temperature, stator coil temperature etc., the individual process slowly of temperature superelevation existence, on-the-spot situation often, warning has occurred, and accident has also just taken place, and simple warning system fails to provide long as far as possible pre-warning time to the operations staff.
In fact the cost of each measuring point of control system is more than 5000 yuan, and each measuring point is all closely bound up with safety in production, but the warning system of control system can not realize the warning to all measuring points again at present, in addition, the accident that in power plant's actual motion, also often open by mistake, mistake pass equipment causes, and whether normally traditional DCS does not have judgment device duty function, the operations staff to monitor that each measuring point is again impossible.
Therefore, fault diagnosis and accident prevention system for petrochemical are reported to the police to all measuring points of control system on the basis of having eliminated false alarm and repetition of alarms, adopt logical operation to judge the pitch bite, open by mistake, miss faults such as closing judgement; Adopt " equipment operation mode table " surveillance equipment abnormality, thereby help the operations staff to realize the conduct monitoring at all levels that unit safety is produced.
2.4 the early warning means are provided
The utilization emulation technology, can the fast prediction system running status in future.As initial operating mode, carry out simulation calculation with real time data apace, can obtain running status after the long period with the very short time, make operating personnel accomplish to know what's what the operation conditions in system future.Not only can play the effect of operation instruction, and provide enough foundations for the supervision and the prediction of accident.
Many faults and accident all have a process from omen, development, abnormal parameters occurring to becoming fault and accident; be not to finish in moment; by " parameter trend analysis ", " abnormal parameters mutation analysis "; for example by body parameter (bearing temperature) being carried out lubricated, the cooling situation that " speed warning " can forecast steam turbine and major pant item; fault and accident sign are in time forecast, avoided breaking down because of lubricated, cooling is improper even causing stopping accident.
Unit body parameter such as bearing temperature, parameters such as electric current have individual process from normal value to out-of-limit, warning system should not be in the body parameter and just provides warning after out-of-limit, and should also not reach limit value in the body parameter, give a warning in advance but in a bit of time after this, there is this trend out-of-limit situation may occur, leave operations staff's time enough for and go to handle.
Fault knowledge storehouse based on case analysis formation, based on real time data analysis and processing, utilize principles such as signal ambiguity identification and reasoning, realize on-line fault diagnosis and accident prediction, help the operations staff under the situation that fault does not take place as yet or taken place, to find fault rootstock rapidly, and be aided with Operating Guideline, guarantee unit operation safety.
2.5 the warning classification is carried out classification, highlights " main cause and advance notice are reported to the police "
Fault diagnosis and accident prevention system for petrochemical are classified to a large amount of warning messages, " first because of report to the police " be produce head that abnormal parameters reports to the police because of, for example: major pant item tripping operation, pitch bite, open by mistake, mistake pass and equipment state malfunction etc., its priority is the highest.
" advance notice is reported to the police " is temporarily not influence unit normally to move, but continues the warning message that development may cause accident, and for example lubricating oil pressure is low, cooling water pressure is low, the filter screen differential pressure is high, and its priority is inferior high.
Other warning messages are then pressed the process area design, and its priority is minimum.
Be designed to report alarm window by process area again after dividing according to warning priority, as shown in Figure 2, " boiler first because of ", " boiler advance notice ", " steam turbine first because of ", " steam turbine advance notice ", " electric head because of ", " electric advance notice ", " public head because of ", " public advance notice " zone of alarm are the primary surveillance zone of operations staff.
When warning occurred, what the operations staff at first will pay close attention to was " first because of reporting to the police ", and clicking alarm window can help the operations staff to find the warning root rapidly under the condition of complexity by tree structure, thereby takes appropriate measures, and avoids accident to enlarge.
When warning occurs, if " first " do not occur because of reporting to the police, illustrating that unit is current may not have accident, what at this moment the operations staff will pay close attention to is " advance notice is reported to the police ", clicking alarm window can help the operations staff to find unusual root rapidly under the condition of complexity by tree structure, thereby take appropriate measures, prevent to develop into accident.When warning occurs, if " first " and " advance notice is reported to the police " do not occur because of reporting to the police, illustrating that unit is current may not have accident and unusual, what at this moment the operations staff will pay close attention to is other alarm windows, clicking alarm window can help the operations staff to find alarm parameters rapidly under the condition of complexity by tree structure, as long as generally take suitable adjustment measure, can recover normal operation.
Corresponding with " first because of reporting to the police " and " advance notice is reported to the police ", system can provide Operating Guideline for the operations staff.2.6, provide the accident playback function based on case analysis.
For a lot of faults that took place, carry out ex-post analysis, we find before accident takes place a lot of accident signs have been arranged, if can be from these accident signs discovery accident as soon as possible, and in time take measures, some faults are avoidable, therefore, the historical data of the true DCS under malfunction note are input on the virtual emulation platform, the operating condition of accident process, the operational circumstances of DCS are carried out playback, reflect the actual conditions of field accident really." accident playback " can see very clearly that the parameter before accident takes place changes, personnel's operation reaches warning at that time, analyzes and sums up by the operation personnel, and operations staff's level can be provided, and reduces the probability of accident generation from now on.
Compared with prior art, the present invention collects process supervision, fault diagnosis, crash analysis and forecast and on-line operation guidance and one, has following characteristics
(1) improves safe operation of power plant and management level.Adopt method and means such as " warning locking ", " the parameter true and false is distinguished ", " warning container "; warning message is filtered; every warning " is had according to following "; a large amount of wrong report information of eliminating and avoiding existing control system to exist; realize that short of warning just can guarantee that unit operation is normal, unit operation is undesired just necessarily warning message.Utilize methods such as " object model " parameter response value, all measuring points are reported to the police, with the conduct monitoring at all levels of realizing that unit safety is produced.Realization is reported to the police based on the body parameter " speed warning " of " parameter development trend " and based on the parameter response value of object model, and the early warning means are provided.With the replicating machine is research platform, fault knowledge storehouse based on case analysis formation, based on real time data analysis and processing, utilize functions such as signal ambiguity identification and symbolic reasoning, realize on-line fault diagnosis and accident prediction, help the operations staff under the situation that fault does not take place as yet or taken place, to find fault rootstock rapidly, and be aided with Operating Guideline, guarantee unit operation safety.The historgraphic data recording of true DCS under the malfunction is put on the virtual emulation platform, the operating condition of unit, the operational circumstances of DCS are carried out playback, analysis, summary, the on-the-spot actual conditions of real reflection." accident playback " can see very clearly that the parameter before accident takes place changes, personnel's operation and warning at that time, and this provides a good platform for afterwards crash analysis, processing and fault knowledge storehouse perfect.
(2) optimizing equipment operation is beneficial to environmental protection.The present invention can increase substantially usage ratio of equipment; the direct economic loss that minimizing causes stopping production and causes because of equipment failure reduces and produces setup time and non-programmed halt number of times, improves the comprehensive benefit of power plant; guarantee the safety and economic operation of power plant, reduce the generation of electric pollution thing.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structure principle chart of the present invention
Fig. 2 is fault diagnosis of the present invention and accident prediction warning message tree structure figure
Five, embodiment
A kind of fault diagnosis of the present invention and accident prevention system for petrochemical, it comprises real time data interface and processing module, and the several data interface is provided, and finishes the collection and the processing of data and handles; In real time and the historical data base system module, for the warning processing module provides data, services,, provide fast query to real-time and historical data with functional form; The warning processing module, with various data with information integration shows and pass to alarm unit and the warning container is handled together, alarm unit is to have different warning calculation function processing units, and the warning container is to be used for the warning message that the organization and management alarm unit produced; Fault diagnosis and accident prediction module real-time monitoring equipment state in time carry out fault diagnosis and early warning, and suggestion is handled in the prompting operation; Accident playback function module is input to the historical data of the true DCS under malfunction note on the virtual emulation platform, and the operating condition of accident process, the operational circumstances of DCS are carried out playback, reflects the actual conditions of field accident really.
Fault diagnosis and accident prevention system for petrochemical structural design are flexible, both can become system separately, also can be integrated with the third party DCS close friend of system, in implementation process, have three kinds of modes available:
(1) based on existing DCS or SIS real time data, becomes system separately, form independent warning workstation;
(2) be support with existing DCS system, integrated with it, substitute original DCS warning system;
(3) be support with existing SIS server, the warning message service is provided, carry out the issue of WEB warning message.
After this project implementation is finished, to crucial meaning all be arranged to aspects such as the running state monitoring of thermal power plant's giant mechanical and electrical equipment and accident predictions, will promote that enterprise produces and the class of equipment control, make aspects such as the economy of thermal power plant's equipment and security obtain comprehensive raising.This system can promote the diagnosis capability of thermal power plant's equipment failure being carried out in good time science comprehensively, usage ratio of equipment will improved, reduce equipment maintenance cost, ensure the safe operation of machinery and equipment, the aspect such as generation of preventing accident can play an important role, and this also will reduce electromechanical equipment operation pollution on the environment effectively.
Claims (5)
1, the method to set up of a kind of fault diagnosis and accident prediction, power plant comprises real time data interface and processing module, fault diagnosis and accident prediction module, in real time and the historical data base system module, the warning processing module, and the collection and the processing that provide several data interface, system to finish data are handled; By fault diagnosis and accident prediction module real-time monitoring equipment state, in time carry out fault diagnosis and early warning, and suggestion is handled in the prompting operation; System is used for process supervision, fault diagnosis, crash analysis and the forecast of process control based on real time data, and fault diagnosis and accident prediction are instructed in on-line operation; Module based on real-time and historical data base system provides data, services for the warning processing module, and system provides in real time and the fast query of historical data with functional form; The warning processing module is with various data and information integration shows together and pass to alarm unit and the warning container is handled, and alarm unit is a warning calculation function processing unit, the warning message that warning container tissue and administrative alert unit are produced; Based on object model, carry out comprehensive computing with the influence factor of a measuring point, draw the reasonable numerical value of this measuring point, consider computing and measurement aspect error again, what provide this measuring point should reach value and warning bound, for possible accident provides the early warning means; It is characterized in that: adopt " warning locking " method: when a cover pulverized coal preparation system of power plant was stopped transport, the negative pressure that locking is relevant was reported to the police; When giving pump shutdown, locking related pressure, flow alarm set point; The warning classification is carried out classification, with major pant item tripping operation, pitch bite, open by mistake, mistake is closed and the equipment state malfunction is classified main cause as and reported to the police; Lubricating oil pressure is low, cooling water pressure is low, the filter screen differential pressure is high classifies advance notice as and report to the police.
2, the method to set up of fault diagnosis as claimed in claim 1 and accident prediction, it is characterized in that being provided with accident playback function module, the historical data of true DCS under the malfunction is input on the virtual emulation platform, the operating condition of accident process, the operational circumstances of DCS are carried out playback, reflect the actual conditions of field accident really.
3, the method to set up of fault diagnosis as claimed in claim 1 and accident prediction is characterized in that adopting warning container mode to eliminate repetition of alarms, with all measuring points of temperature group as a warning message.
4, the method to set up of fault diagnosis as claimed in claim 1 and accident prediction is characterized in that all measuring points are reported to the police, and adopts " equipment operation mode table " surveillance equipment abnormality, realizes unit safety production conduct monitoring at all levels.
5, the method to set up of fault diagnosis as claimed in claim 1 and accident prediction is characterized in that with real time data carrying out simulation calculation apace as initial operating mode, the running status in fast prediction system future; By " parameter trend analysis ", " abnormal parameters mutation analysis ", fault and accident sign are forecast.
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| CN101289990B (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2011-07-06 | 四川中鼎自动控制有限公司 | Hydro-turbo generator set vibration protection accomplishing method |
| CN101850934A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-10-06 | 大连美恒时代科技有限公司 | Information management system of crane |
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