CN100407852C - A method for locating mobile terminal in mobile communication - Google Patents
A method for locating mobile terminal in mobile communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN100407852C CN100407852C CN2004100413725A CN200410041372A CN100407852C CN 100407852 C CN100407852 C CN 100407852C CN 2004100413725 A CN2004100413725 A CN 2004100413725A CN 200410041372 A CN200410041372 A CN 200410041372A CN 100407852 C CN100407852 C CN 100407852C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a positioning method of a mobile terminal UE of a mobile communication system, particularly to a positioning method of a mobile terminal UE combining the validity of mobile terminal time lead and the accuracy of power intensity measurement. The signal intensity of one or more base stations is measured by the mobile terminal; the probable position of the mobile terminal is determined according to a path loss model, and then is determined by measuring the time lead (the measurement based on RTT) of one or more base stations. The most probable position of the mobile terminal is obtained by comparing the two measurement results, and then, a novel model is obtained by judging whether the path loss model can be corrected in the area or not. The model is memorized to accurately calculate the probability statistics of position business in the next time. When the position calculation is carried out in the next time, if the positioning precision in the area is further enhanced, the mobile terminal can be positioned on the basis without time lead; an intelligent cell positioning system for the position business is gradually established to enhance the precision of the positioning business.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the localization method of the portable terminal (UE, User Equipment) of mobile communcations system, particularly combine the validity of portable terminal Timing Advance and the mobile terminal positioning method of the accuracy that power level is measured.
Background technology
The positional accuracy measurement that how to improve portable terminal is the problem of the required solution of positioning service of existing GSM and UMTS.In existing method, the location technology of cell ID CELL ID is a most basic a kind of localization method, is applicable to all cellular networks.It does not need portable terminal that any location measurement information is provided, and need not change existing network yet, and only need increase simple positioning flow processing and get final product at network side, thereby the easiest realization, present this location technology is extensive use of in each mobile network.Its positioning principle is very simple: the position and the sub-district of the serving BS that network based portable terminal is current cover localisation of mobile terminals.If the sub-district is an omni cell, then the position of portable terminal is to be the center with the serving BS, and radius is a circle of coverage radius of cell interior [when not adopting angle of arrival AOA (Angle of arive) to measure]; If the sector is divided in the sub-district, can determine further that then portable terminal is in the scope of certain sector covering.The precision of this localization method depends on the size of portable terminal sub-district of living in fully, kilometer does not wait from hundreds of rice to tens.In the rural area, the coverage of sub-district is very big, so the positioning accuracy of CELL-ID is very poor.And the cell coverage area of urban area circumstance is less, and general radius of society for the city of prosperity, might adopt microcellulor at 1-2km, and radius of society may arrive hundreds of rice, and the positioning accuracy of CELL-ID is with the corresponding hundreds of rice that rises at this moment.
Observing arrival time difference OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) or enhancement mode observed time difference E-OTD (Enhanced Observed Time Difference) is to utilize portable terminal to measure the down-bound pilot frequency signal of different base station, obtain TOA (the Time of Arrival of different base station descending pilot frequency, due in), promptly so-called pilot phase is measured.According to this measurement result and in conjunction with the coordinate of base station, adopt suitable location-estimation algorithm, just can calculate the position of portable terminal.Suppose that with a base station be reference, the pilot phase measurement result that provides according to portable terminal, it is poor with respect to the down-bound pilot frequency signal time of reception of a base station to access the b base station, be designated as TDOAab, multiply by the light velocity and just can access a base station and b base station to reach the propagation distance of portable terminal poor, thereby can be that benchmark obtains hyperboloid with a base station and b base station.Equally, can access with a base station and c base station according to TDOAac is another hyperboloid of benchmark.Two bi-curved boundaries are exactly the position of portable terminal.Actual location-estimation algorithm need be considered the situation of location, many base stations (more than 3 or 3), so algorithm wants complicated a lot.Generally speaking, the number of base stations that portable terminal is measured is many more, and certainty of measurement is high more, and positioning performance improves obvious more.
Above relatively two kinds of location technologies, the precision of GPS is the highest, but terminal must be supported.A-GPS (Assisted Global Positioning Systems) is the abbreviation of the GPS location of network assistance, and this method needs network and portable terminal can both receive GPS information.Its basic principle is: network provides assistant GPS information to portable terminal, (for example 6PS catches supplementary to comprise the supplementary of GPS pseudo range measurement, the GPS positioning auxiliary information, GPS sensitivity supplementary, gps satellite working condition information etc.) and the supplementary calculated of mobile terminal locations (GPS almanac and revise data for example, the GPS ephemeris, gps navigation message etc.), utilize these information, portable terminal can be very fast catch satellite, and receive metrical information, then metrical information is sent to the positioning service center in the network, calculate portable terminal present located position by it.Because position calculation is finished at network, the GPS of portable terminal receives implementation complexity to be reduced greatly, and can reduce power consumption.In open environment, as outskirts of a town or rural area, multipath and to block be negligible, the positioning accuracy of A-GPS can reach about 10m even be more excellent; If portable terminal is in urban area circumstance, do not have block and multipath not serious, positioning accuracy will be about 30-70m; If portable terminal is in zone indoor or other multipaths and serious shielding, this moment portable terminal enough satellite-signals that defies capture, A-GPS can't finish the location, this is its major limitation.
Getting rid of under the situation about disturbing, the path fading in any place is the path that depends on tree, although the influence of shade and small scale decline is arranged, the decline process is the process of dispersing.What people need determine is to isolate the large scale decline in institute is lossy, decline determines which part path loss is to belong to the decline that is caused by distance according to large scale, and which partly belongs to because the small scale decline that shade, Doppler, multipath or interference cause.If there is not bar to exist, utilize signal transmission time or position that the signal strength signal intensity that receives is calculated portable terminal is very intuitively.When utilizing the transmission time, the transmission time that the light velocity multiply by the signal point-to-point transmission can draw distance, and the distance of point-to-point transmission can accurately obtain by the decay of signal in desirable free space.Yet in building, this direct path seldom exists, and may have a plurality of non-directapaths between transmitting and receiving a little, so signal degrade condition is unknown.Though the influence that can utilize some technology to alleviate multipath effect can't be eliminated fully, and its error is also unpredictable.Multipath effect also has certain influence to the signal time method, but not as big to the influence of signal strength signal intensity method.Signal strength signal intensity is to the decay of antenna direction and barrier, and other condition, and is also very responsive.By contrast, signal transmission time and antenna direction are irrelevant, and be less sensitive to decaying.Obviously, in open smooth rural area, be not less than positional accuracy measurement based on signal transmission time based on the positional accuracy measurement of path loss.
Determined that by Timing Advance the method precision of position determines, this precision is difficult to improve.But the position measurement based on path loss is to improve constantly precision according to the foundation of regional model, the foundation of this regional model critical process of the present invention just.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to propose a kind of prior art condition of utilizing in order to address the above problem, and need not change the hardware of portable terminal, can improve mobile terminal positioning method in the mobile communication of portable terminal positioning accuracy.
Technical solution of the present invention:
Mobile terminal positioning method in a kind of mobile communication is characterized in that it comprises following steps:
A) be multistage geographic location area by the numerical map division of cells;
B) utilize existing path loss model to set up path loss model storehouse, sub-district;
C) set up cell-level initial path loss model by the geography information factor of determining initial geographic area;
D) by setting up the path loss model of multistage geographic location area, finish the location to portable terminal, the path loss model of multistage geographic location area is set up and be may further comprise the steps:
At first determine mobile terminal affiliated sub-district by cell ID;
Secondly by residing first geographic location area of Timing Advance localisation of mobile terminals, in this first geographic location area of sign in the required precision that is equal to of numerical map; Determine the two the first geographic location area of mobile terminal UE again by the path loss model of the one the first geographic location area, in this second geographic location area of sign in the required precision that is equal to of numerical map;
By the position integration unit according to this first geographic location area and, the probability band of position of second geographic location area decision portable terminal, if this probability band of position belongs to the subclass zone of first geographic location area or second geographic location area, then set up new path loss model in this probability band of position, otherwise revise the path loss model of second geographic location area, this probability band of position that makes it to determine is mated first geographic location area most possibly.
The present invention proposes zone routing loss model correlation, can when the measurement of not free lead, determine the band of position of portable terminal more exactly by matching process; When system's initial launch, sub-district UE is less, the location parameter that UE provides is few, positioning accuracy is relatively poor, along with increasing with the position of UE in the sub-district of sub-district UE moved the coverage increase, the foundation of path loss model is more and more perfect, and positioning accuracy will improve constantly, do not rely on the Timing Advance parameter at last, the location of finishing sub-district UE.The present invention determines location area respectively by path loss and Timing Advance, and they have overcome the shortcoming of method separately respectively, and good practicability is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a regional tree structure classification schematic diagram in the sub-district in the numerical map;
Fig. 2 determines sub-district path loss model and tree structure index block diagram;
Fig. 3 determines UE position block diagram by path loss;
Fig. 4 determines UE position block diagram by Timing Advance;
Fig. 5 is implementation step figure of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is that portable terminal carries out the path loss instrumentation plan to 3 sub-districts.
Embodiment
Utilize the Timing Advance of signal strength signal intensity and synchro system to come the position of definite portable terminal separately, the adverse factors of can cancelling out each other is revised measurement result separately mutually, draws the position of maximum possible portable terminal.General cell coverage area (land, building, the water surface, highway) and other barrier, these three-dimensional informations are gradual in time, think that at a time these information fix, utilize the transmission feature of these information simulation radiofrequency signals then in each geographical position, set up the signal path loss model in less zone as far as possible, more accurately reflect the geography and the electromagnetic property in this zone.Location system center SMLC (Serving Mobile Location Center) brings in constant renewal in these features and is stored in the geographic position data storehouse, is used for the positioning service of this cell mobile terminal.
The inventive method is measured one or more signal of base station intensity by portable terminal, determine the Position Approximate of portable terminal according to path loss model, determine the Position Approximate of portable terminal again by the Timing Advance (based on the measurement of RTT) that measures one or more base stations, by two kinds of measurement result comparisons, draw the most probable position of portable terminal, again through whether carrying out the path loss model correction to this region decision, the model that must make new advances, remember this model, be used for the more accurate probability statistics of next location service and calculate.When carrying out position calculation next time, if the positioning accuracy in the one's respective area further improves, just can on the basis of not free lead, portable terminal be positioned, progressively set up the navigation system of the intelligent location service in sub-district, improve the precision of positioning service.Concrete steps are as follows:
1) be multistage geographic location area by the numerical map division of cells, minimum geographical position precision also is minimum geographic location area according to the required precision setting of positioning service;
2) utilize existing classical path loss model (as free propagation model, bilinear model, Longley-Rice model, Durkin model, Okumuru model, Hata model, LEE model etc.) to set up path loss model storehouse, sub-district;
3) the geography information factor by determining initial geographic area (sub-district) (comprising the average distance, the regional reflex factor, the regional floor factor, regional interference factor, the regional smooth factor of the site coverage in zone, the average height of building, regional building etc.), set up cell-level initial path loss model, this model is father's model in next stage zone in the sub-district;
4) by setting up the path loss model of multistage geographic location area, finish the location to portable terminal, the path loss model of multistage geographic location area is set up and be may further comprise the steps:
At first determine mobile terminal affiliated sub-district by cell ID CELL ID, secondly by residing first geographic location area of Timing Advance localisation of mobile terminals UE, the sign primary importance zone in the required precision that is equal at numerical map, determine the second place zone of mobile terminal UE again by the path loss model in primary importance zone, in the sign second place zone in the required precision that is equal to of numerical map.Set up the path loss model of stepped zone, improve the precision of cell localization business.
Determine that by the position integration unit (the probability band of position refers to: pass through probability statistics for the probability band of position of portable terminal of this first and second band of position decision, the band of position that the probability that draws is big), if this probability band of position belongs to first or the subclass zone in second place zone, then set up new path loss model in this probability band of position, otherwise revise the path loss model in second place zone, the probability band of position that makes it to determine is mated first geographic location area most possibly.
The present invention determines location area respectively by path loss and Timing Advance, on the equal accuracy of determining by two kinds of methods on the numerical map, identify the band of position of portable terminal respectively, determine the maximum possible zone of two kinds of band of position decisions through the position integration unit, this zone of determining may be less than the definite zone of above two kinds of methods, at this moment on the path loss model basis of current definite UE band of position, produce the path loss model of this zonule, path loss model has been arranged then revise this model if should the zone.If can not improve the precision of position measurement by the band of position that the position integration unit is determined, then revise the current path loss model.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the inventive method is further described.
The present invention begins to determine by Timing Advance the subregion of sub-district, the location that only has a base station to carry out for example, subregion just can only be to be the annular region (when not adopting angle of arrival AOA to measure) at center with the base station, having under the situation of a plurality of base stations, determining of subregion can be big fan annular, little fan annular or littler fan annular according to the precision of Timing Advance and the definite position of path loss model mixing, shown in Figure of description 6.
The present invention is intrinsic according to the physical features of each sub-district, it is the trunk zone that this fixed character sub-district is set, also can at first find by CELL ID, its path loss model is all father's models that belong to the subregion path loss model of this sub-district, these two kinds of models have correlation, and directly related with it is its category-A (first order) submodel.This microzonation being divided into several new zones, being referred to as the category-A subregion, also is some branches of trunk.Derive from correction on the father's model of sub-district at the path loss model of setting up on this zone; Again the category-A subregion being divided into different zones, being referred to as the category-B subregion, is the branch again of branch A, the path loss model of setting up on this zone is the correction model of category-A submodel, recurrence is divided C class, D class subregion so again, progressively dwindles positioning range, as Figure of description 6.Size according to the sub-district is the numeric area of different sizes with positioning service permissible accuracy division of cells, form the regional tree structure of sub-district, shown in Figure of description 1, an ID, path loss model and attribute (classification, adjacent domain etc.) that should the zone are set up in each zone, and this model is to revise to draw on upper level father model based.After whole modellings, just can position business based on path loss model, before positioning accuracy is less than Timing Advance, position professional correction as Timing Advance all the time.A band of position f is for example arranged in the X of sub-district, it is contained in the e zone, the e zone is contained in the d zone again, the d zone is contained in the c zone again, the c zone is contained in the b zone again, and the b zone is contained in a zone again, and a zone is contained in the sub-district, when just determining to belong to the f zone, the process of coupling traversal is X--〉a--〉b--〉c--〉d--〉e--〉f.The method of the numerical map area dividing of for example invention step 1) is as follows: radius is 5 kilometers sub-district, be similar to and think that radius is 5 kilometers a circular cell, set up radius and be 500m, 200m, 50m, the 10m arc length is the four class zones of 50m, total region quantity is N=2 π r ÷ 50 * 5000 ÷ 10 * 4=1256640, waits the whole loss models foundation in sub-district to finish common needs and sets up 1256640+1 model.The precision that is to say all 4 class zones (A, B, C, D) all is 10 meters, and the number in every class zone is identical.
Determine to influence the parameter of path loss, on the basis of various classical path loss models, set up the path loss model of sub-district, set up classical path loss model storehouse simultaneously, as Figure of description 2.By measuring the power path loss of descending pilot frequency time slot, the position of estimation portable terminal is detected contiguous sub-district path loss simultaneously, determines the position of portable terminal more accurately, referring to Figure of description 3.Determine the Timing Advance TA of sub-district from Node B received signal by loop time RTT (Round Trip Time) method or portable terminal basis, by Timing Advance estimation mobile terminal locations, attempt obtaining the Timing Advance of adjacent cell simultaneously, as far as possible accurately obtain the position of UE, referring to Figure of description 4.
When any one mobile terminal UE is positioned, Node B can determine the Timing Advance of this UE, under the situation of not free lead (when for example initially inserting, Timing Advance does not also obtain, but the cell area path loss model is set up), also can obtain UE position more accurately.Implementation step such as Figure of description 5:
A) whether can obtain the Timing Advance of mobile terminal UE, as Figure of description 5 steps 701;
B) under the situation of the Timing Advance that can not obtain portable terminal, by mating all subregion path model of having set up in this sub-district, as Figure of description 5 steps 702;
C) determine the position of UE by the path loss model of correlation maximum, as Figure of description 5 steps 703;
D) when having obtained the Timing Advance of UE, determine that according to Timing Advance the band of position of UE, this zone are the minimum tree-like zone of numerical map sign, also be the full accuracy of location, generally be defined as ± 10m, as Figure of description 5 steps 704;
E) identify this area I D by numerical map, as Figure of description 5 steps 705;
F) this zone whether other UE entered, set up path loss model, as Figure of description 5 steps 706;
G) UE by Timing Advance determine for the first time regional the time, will be by the derive Probability Area of UE of the path loss model in this regional upper level zone (father zone), on numerical map, obtain this regional father's area identification ID, perhaps path loss model is not set up in this father zone yet, at this moment will search the upper level zone again, until have till the model, father zone that perhaps should the zone is whole sub-district, as Figure of description 5 steps 707;
H) if can only find the path model of sub-district, the path loss model of other subregion does not also have generation, just revise cell pattern and be adapted to the first order subregion path loss model that comprises the sub-district, the UE band of position that Timing Advance at this moment determines, as Figure of description 5 steps 711;
I) find out this regional father's model, as Figure of description 5 steps 708 always;
J) when finding out this regional father's zone routing loss model, draw the path loss model of UE current location region according to the model correction in father zone, as Figure of description 5 steps 710;
K) if the band of position that the current time lead is determined has path loss model to determine the position according to model, as Figure of description 5 steps 709;
L) two kinds of methods are determined band of position error classification processing, as Figure of description 5 steps 712;
M) carry out the integrated treatment of UE position at last, as Figure of description 5 steps 713.
Among the present invention, the position integration unit is the path loss model that redefines this band of position according to the path loss model of initial path loss model and adjacent area, and this path loss model is used for the location of next portable terminal.Determine the primary importance zone of portable terminal for the first time by Timing Advance, search this regional initial path loss model, if the model that does not have a primary importance zone just on the path loss model basis in the upper level zone in primary importance zone correction draw the path loss model in primary importance zone.When determining for the second time that by Timing Advance the position of portable terminal is in this band of position, use this band of position path loss model checking, improve the precision of position by checking, produce the path loss model of new precision, improve sub-district path loss model database, progressively set up the path loss model of the bands of position at different levels in the sub-district, be used for the mobile terminal locations location.
After setting up zone routing loss model at different levels storehouse, complete sub-district, promptly finish by path loss model the location of UE, and Timing Advance only is when the geographical looks in sub-district change, and uses when comparing correction model again.
The effect of above-mentioned position integration unit is the process of analyzing, the mobile terminal locations sum of errors path loss model calculating mobile terminal locations possibility difference that is drawn by Timing Advance is bigger, key is that the band of position worst error that Timing Advance is determined is certain, at this moment redefines this regional loss model according to the father's model of path loss model and the path loss model of adjacent area.To portable terminal is the category-A zone by the location area that Timing Advance is determined for the first time, search this regional path loss model, if model that should the zone is correction model on this regional upper level zone just, the basic zone of determining with Timing Advance, the UE band of position that revised model is determined is identical.When the zone that UE determines by Timing Advance for the first time is positioned at the category-A zone, use the position of the path loss model calculating UE in category-A zone, the probability that both may overlap is big for the first time, it is bigger to think that by probability statistics UE is arranged in certain category-B zone probability in category-A zone, revise the path loss formula in category-A zone once more, in order to be suitable for the path loss model in category-B zone.The above method of recurrence, the certainty of measurement requirement is satisfied in the UE position of Que Dinging at last, sets up the path loss model of each film micro area in the sub-district, is used for more high-precision location positioning.
The present invention proposes a mobile terminal locating method based on CELL ID, Timing Advance and signal strength measurement, this method is applicable to existing mobile system, the NodeB that observes when portable terminal gets over for a long time, learning-oriented modeling accuracy is just high more, after the basic film micro area model in the sub-district is all set up, elapsed time lead and path loss are determined the position of portable terminal, improve the precision of position measurement greatly.By setting up precision is that the precision that location service 70% requires to reach 50m will be satisfied in the zonule of 10m.After the whole modellings in sub-district, under the guiding of Timing Advance, by path loss, the position of portable terminal also can more accurately be determined in single sub-district.
Claims (5)
1. mobile terminal positioning method in the mobile communication is characterized in that it comprises following steps:
A) be multistage geographic location area by the numerical map division of cells;
B) utilize existing path loss model to set up path loss model storehouse, sub-district;
C) set up cell-level initial path loss model by the geography information factor of determining initial geographic area;
D) by setting up the path loss model of multistage geographic location area, finish the location to portable terminal, the path loss model of multistage geographic location area is set up and be may further comprise the steps:
At first determine mobile terminal affiliated sub-district by cell ID;
Secondly by residing first geographic location area of Timing Advance localisation of mobile terminals, in this first geographic location area of sign in the required precision that is equal to of numerical map; Determine second geographic location area of mobile terminal UE again by the path loss model of first geographic location area, in this second geographic location area of sign in the required precision that is equal to of numerical map;
Determine the probability band of position of the portable terminal of this first geographic location area and the decision of second geographic location area by the position integration unit, if this probability band of position belongs to the subclass zone of first geographic location area or second geographic location area, then set up new path loss model in this probability band of position, otherwise revise the path loss model of second geographic location area, the probability band of position that makes it to determine is mated first geographic location area most possibly.
2. by mobile terminal positioning method in the described a kind of mobile communication of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described position integration unit is the path loss model that redefines this probability band of position according to the path loss model of initial path loss model and adjacent area, and the path loss model of this this probability band of position is used for the location of next portable terminal;
Determine first geographic location area of portable terminal for the first time by Timing Advance, search the initial path loss model of this first geographic location area, if the model that does not have first geographic location area just on the path loss model basis in the upper level zone of first geographic location area correction draw the path loss model of first geographic location area;
When determining for the second time that by Timing Advance the position of portable terminal is in this first geographic location area, use this first geographic location area path loss model checking, improve the precision of position by checking, produce the path loss model of new precision, improve sub-district path loss model database, progressively set up the path loss model of the bands of position at different levels in the sub-district, be used for the mobile terminal locations location.
3. by mobile terminal positioning method in the described a kind of mobile communication of claim 2, it is characterized in that: after setting up zone routing loss model at different levels storehouse, complete sub-district, finish by path loss model the location of UE, Timing Advance only is when the geographical looks in sub-district change, and uses when comparing correction model again.
4. by mobile terminal positioning method in the described a kind of mobile communication of claim 1, it is characterized in that described existing route loss model comprises free propagation model, bilinear model, Longley-Rice model, Durkin model, Okumuru model, Hata model or LEE model.
5. by mobile terminal positioning method in the described a kind of mobile communication of claim 1, it is characterized in that the described geography information factor comprises the site coverage in zone, the average height of building, the average distance of regional building, the regional reflex factor, the regional floor factor, regional interference factor, the regional smooth factor.
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| CN1476262A (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-02-18 | 深圳市中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Mobile positiong method used for raising precision of defining mobile station position |
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2004
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| CN1476262A (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-02-18 | 深圳市中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Mobile positiong method used for raising precision of defining mobile station position |
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| 基于接收信号强度测量的室内定位算法. 倪巍，王宗欣.复旦学报(自然科学版)，第43卷第1期. 2004 |
| 基于接收信号强度测量的室内定位算法. 倪巍，王宗欣.复旦学报(自然科学版)，第43卷第1期. 2004 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010012163A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, terminal, and server of secure user plane location |
| CN102547836A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-07-04 | 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 | Method, device and system for determining motion trail of mobile terminal |
| CN102547836B (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2014-07-02 | 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 | Method, device and system for determining motion trail of mobile terminal |
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|---|---|
| CN1722897A (en) | 2006-01-18 |
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