CN100404976C - Single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride heat pump/refrigerating method and system - Google Patents
Single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride heat pump/refrigerating method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100404976C CN100404976C CNB2006100288917A CN200610028891A CN100404976C CN 100404976 C CN100404976 C CN 100404976C CN B2006100288917 A CNB2006100288917 A CN B2006100288917A CN 200610028891 A CN200610028891 A CN 200610028891A CN 100404976 C CN100404976 C CN 100404976C
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/12—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type using desorption of hydrogen from a hydride
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
This invention is a kind of single alloy compression-diffusion type metal hydride heat pump/refrigeration method and its system. Pressure difference between metal hydride under solid solution phase and hydride phase is generated. Metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat at high- pressure side. It releases hydrogen and absorbs heat at low -pressure side. Through heat exchanger carrying away the generated heat/cold energy, heating/refrigerating is fulfilled. The hydrogen atoms, which are absorbed from metal hydride high- pressure side, are transferred to low pressure side through the inside of metal hydride continually by diffusion effect. This system includes compressor, one-way valve, hydrogen pipeline and diffusing bed. The diffusing bed includes pore filter sheet, low temperature heat exchanger, bed body insulating outer wall, metal hydride powder and high temperature heat exchanger.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and system of refrigeration technology field, specifically is that a kind of single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride heats/refrigerating method and system.
Background technology
Traditional steam compression heat pump/refrigeration system is the big power consumer, and its freon working medium is also reached common understanding at world wide to the destruction of atmosphere; The metal hydride heat pump/refrigerating system arises under this condition.Metal hydride is a kind of special alloy, it can be under uniform temperature, pressure a large amount of hydrogen of reversible absorption, discharge a large amount of reaction heat simultaneously; Its storage hydrogen density of normal temperature can reach the density of liquified hydrogen, and the storage hydrogen pressure is then far below liquified hydrogen; The equalizing pressure of alloy raises with temperature and increases sharply.The metal hydride heat pump/refrigerating system is working medium with hydrogen, relies on the reaction heat of metal hydride in the reversible hydrogen adsorption and desorption process to realize the heat pump/refrigerating function, in energy-conservation and environmental protection, have a clear superiority in, and be the novel air conditioning system that development potentiality is arranged very much.Existing metal hydride heat pump/refrigerating system adopts the different metal hydride of a pair of hydrogenation property to form a cover system, drives by compressor or thermal source, makes alloy inhale, put hydrogen off and on; The anti-phase operation of two cover systems, thus realize heating continuously/freezing.Obviously this timesharing, anti-phase metal hydride heat pump/refrigerating technology can't guarantee to heat/refrigerating capacity stable; To expand during absorption hydrogen, efflorescence, inhale repeatedly and put hydrogen and very easily cause the container local wall to bear sizable swelling stress, therefore reduced the reliability of system; And in order to improve reliability, existing systems adopts thick-walled vessel substantially, and the reaction bed thermal capacitance is very big, but because system's constantly switching in suction, heat release state, so the heat/cold that is caused by this thermal capacitance loss is also quite big, can account for Systems Theory usually to heat/refrigerating capacity 20%～40%.Therefore the intermittent duty mode causes heating/the refrigerating capacity instability of existing system, and efficient and reliability are not high, apart from practicability one segment distance are arranged still.
Find through literature search prior art, patent name: " a kind of metal hydride aircondition ", application number: CN200420047871.0, this patent has designed complete aircondition on existing round-robin basis, but fail to break away from the endless form of " two cover system timesharing, anti-phase ", so can't solve existing metal hydride heat pump/refrigerating system and heat/refrigerating capacity instability, shortcoming that COP is low.In the prior art, find as yet to adopt single metal hydride can realize continuously, stablize the technology that heats/freeze.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the defective of prior art, the present invention has designed a kind of brand-new single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride heat pump/refrigerating method and system.The inventive method only needs single metal hydride can realize continuous, stable heat pump/refrigerating function.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride of the present invention heats/refrigerating method, be specially: produce pressure differential being in solid solution phase and the hydride metal hydride two ends between mutually, make metal hydride in the heat release of high pressure side draught hydrogen, be sidelong the hydrogen heat absorption in low pressure; Take away the heat/cold of generation by heat exchanger, realize heating/freezing; The hydrogen atom that the metal hydride high-pressure side absorbs is transferred to low-pressure side by metal hydride inside continuously by diffusion effect, thereby makes that this process continues to carry out.
The performing step that the inventive method is concrete is as follows:
(1) in reaction bed, fill, compacting hydrogen adsorbing alloy and activation, charge into hydrogen then and make this metal hydride be in solid solution phase and the hydride state between mutually, promptly metal hydride pressure, form the plateau district in the isollaothermic chart.
(2) by compressor, make the metal hydride two ends produce pressure differential, this pressure differential must guarantee that high-pressure side hydrogen pressure be higher than the suction hydrogen pressure of metal hydride under operating temperature, the low-pressure side hydrogen pressure is lower than metal hydride and puts hydrogen pressure under operating temperature.
(3) under the driving of pressure differential, metal hydride is in the heat release of high pressure side draught hydrogen, and low pressure is sidelong the hydrogen heat absorption; Take away the hot/cold amount of generation by heat exchanger, realize heating/freezing.High-pressure side metal hydride hydrogen content increases because of inhaling hydrogen simultaneously, and low-pressure side metal hydride hydrogen content reduces because of putting hydrogen, and therefore the metal hydride hydrogen content produces concentration difference.
(4) metal hydride inside is under the driving of concentration difference, the hydrogen atom that the high-pressure side absorbs is transferred to low-pressure side continuously by diffusion effect, make that the hydrogen atom minimizing of metal hydride inside, high-pressure side, the hydrogen atom of low-pressure side metal hydride inside are replenished, thereby keep carrying out continuously of heating/freeze.
The present invention also provides a kind of realization system for carrying out said process, and system comprises: compressor, check valve, hydrogen pipeline, diffusion bed, micro porous filtration sheet, cryogenic heat exchanger, the adiabatic outer wall of bed body, metal hydride powder and high-temperature heat-exchanging.The compressor import and export links to each other with diffusion bed import and export by hydrogen pipeline, and at the compressor outlet pipeline check valve is installed; The diffusion bed ensemble is surrounded by the adiabatic outer wall of bed body, arranges the high and low temperature heat exchanger respectively near the import and export place in spreading bed; Metal hydride powder is filled up a diffusion bed and a compacting, so that between the powder, as far as possible closely contact between powder and the heat exchanger; Diffusion bed import and export is installed the micro porous filtration sheet to stop powder in service with flow hydrogen gas; High-temperature heat-exchanging links to each other with the external world is heat sink, and cryogenic heat exchanger links to each other with extraneous thermal source.
After compressor starts, cause pressure reduction at diffusion bed two ends.The low-pressure side metal hydride is put the hydrogen cooling, and the high-pressure side metal hydride is inhaled hydrogen and heated up.Under the driving of concentration difference, the hydrogen atom that bed body interior metal hydride is absorbed spreads to low concentration (low temperature, low-pressure side) from high concentration (high temperature, high-pressure side), thereby realizes continuous, stable circulation.High-temperature heat-exchanging brings the heat of high temperature side extraneous heat sink by heat-carrying agent, cryogenic heat exchanger brings extraneous thermal source with the cold of low temperature side by carrying a cold medium.Heat sink for hot equipment, when extraneous thermal source is environment when the external world, this system is a heat pump, when extraneous thermal source for using cool equipment, the external world is heat sink when being environment, this system is a refrigeration system.Also can be simultaneously with the temperature end heat exchanger with hot equipment, cryogenic heat exchanger and link to each other with cool equipment, constitute cold-hot combined supply system.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: only adopt a kind of metal hydride, can unidirectional continuous circulation, solved that existing two cover system timesharing, anti-phase runnings are produced heat/refrigerating capacity instability, system's thermal capacitance cause the big shortcoming of heat/cold loss, thereby greatly simplified system, improved efficiency of energy utilization, better economic and practicality have been arranged.Because system's all-the-time stable is moved, reduce the stress that the absorption hydrogen bulking effect applies to reaction vessel simultaneously, thereby improved the reliability of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a systematic schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is that bed structure figure is spread in the present invention
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing concrete enforcement of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, system of the present invention comprises compressor 1, check valve 2, hydrogen pipeline 3 and diffusion bed 4, and diffusion bed 4 comprises micro porous filtration sheet 5, cryogenic heat exchanger 6, the adiabatic outer wall 7 of bed body, metal hydride powder 8 and high-temperature heat-exchanging 9 again.
Compressor 1 import and export links to each other with diffusion bed 4 import and exports by hydrogen pipeline 3, and at compressor 1 export pipeline check valve 2 is installed and is flow backwards to prevent hydrogen.Spread 4 whole quilt bed bodies thermal insulation outer walls, 7 encirclement, near spreading bed 4 import departments installation high-temperature heat-exchanging 9 and linking to each other with the external world is heat sink, close exit is installed cryogenic heat exchanger 6 and is linked to each other with extraneous thermal source; Solid metal hydride powder of bed body 8 and fully compactings are to guarantee between the powder, as far as possible closely to contact between powder and the heat exchanger.Diffusion bed 4 import and exports are installed two micro porous filtration sheets 5 respectively to stop metal hydride powder in service 8 with flow hydrogen gas.
4 outlets of diffusion bed, compressor 1 import and hydrogen pipeline between the two 3 constitute low-pressure side, and 4 imports of diffusion bed, compressor 1 outlet and hydrogen pipeline between the two 3 constitute the high-pressure side.
The hydrogenation equation of metal hydride is as follows:
Wherein, M is for inhaling hydrogen metal (or alloy), and MHx is a metal hydride, and Δ H is a reaction enthalpy.
Adopt said system to realize the inventive method, detailed process is:
Before system operation, activated metal hydride powder 8 and charge into an amount of hydrogen at first, the hydrogen atom that metal hydride powder 8 is absorbed reaches finite concentration, and its equilibrium hydrogen pressure and pipeline hydrogen pressure under system temperature balances each other.Compressor 1 running, the hydrogen of hydrogen pipeline 3 mesolow sides enters the high-pressure side by check valve 2, makes system low-voltage side hydrogen pressure reduce and the rising of high-pressure side hydrogen pressure.The equilibrium hydrogen pressure of metal hydride powder 8 is lower than the high-pressure side hydrogen pressure near 4 imports of diffusion bed, carries out to the right so locate the hydrogenation of alloy, inhales hydrogen heat release, temperature rising; Equilibrium hydrogen pressures that spread near the metal hydride powder 8 of bed 4 outlets are higher than the low-pressure side hydrogen pressure, carry out left so locate the hydrogenation of alloy, put hydrogen heat absorption, temperature reduction.The heat that will spread bed 4 temperature end by high-temperature heat-exchanging 9 brings extraneous heat sink, and the cold that will spread 4 low-temperature end by cryogenic heat exchanger 6 brings extraneous thermal source.Under the driving of concentration difference, the hydrogen atom that high-pressure side metal hydride powder 8 absorbs by diffusion effect, by diffusion bed 4 inside from high concentration (high temperature, high-pressure side) to the unidirectional transfer of low concentration (low temperature, low-pressure side), thereby realize continuous, stable circulation.
Heat sink for hot equipment, when extraneous thermal source is environment when the external world, this system is a heat pump, when extraneous thermal source for using cool equipment, the external world is heat sink when being environment, this system is a refrigeration system.Also can be simultaneously with temperature end heat exchanger 9 with hot equipment, cryogenic heat exchanger 6 and link to each other with cool equipment, constitute cold-hot combined supply system.
Compressor 1 steady running, is put in hydrogen process and the bed in the metal hydride powder 8 diffusion process of hydrogen atom and can be carried out continuously at the suction of diffusion bed 4 two ends metal hydride powder 8, thereby realizes stable heating/freeze.
There is hydrogen partial directly to infiltrate low-pressure side from the high-pressure side in the circulation, and has the part heat to import the high-pressure side into from the alloy low-pressure side, thereby reduced system effectiveness by heat-conducting mode through metal hydride powder 8 spaces.For reduce this loss as far as possible, compacted metal hydride powder 8 is to increase the vapour lock of diffusion bed 4 as far as possible; Adopt heat-insulating material to make the adiabatic outer wall 7 of bed body to reduce the high and low temperature end heat exchange that produces by it.Because metal hydride is in pulverulence, (0.1～0.5W/mK), the heat of conduction is less, and is not obvious to the system effectiveness influence so its thermal conductivity factor is quite low.
By adopting the compression ratio of different metal hydride powder 8, adjustment compressor 1, can obtain required heating/cryogenic temperature; The adjustable restraining heat/refrigeration work consumption of discharge capacity by control compressor 1.
Claims (5)
1. a single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride heats/refrigerating method, it is characterized in that: produce pressure differential at the metal hydride two ends that are between solid solution phase and the hydride phase, metal hydride is in the heat release of high pressure side draught hydrogen, be sidelong hydrogen heat absorption in low pressure, take away the heat/cold of generation by heat exchanger, realize heating/freezing; The hydrogen atom that the metal hydride high-pressure side absorbs is transferred to low-pressure side by metal hydride inside continuously by diffusion effect, realizes continuing to heat/freeze.
2. single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride according to claim 1 heats/refrigerating method, it is characterized in that, the specific implementation step is as follows:
(1) in reaction bed, fill, compacting hydrogen adsorbing alloy and activation, charge into hydrogen then and make this metal hydride be in solid solution phase and the hydride state between mutually;
(2) by compressor, make the metal hydride two ends produce pressure differential, this pressure differential must guarantee that high-pressure side hydrogen pressure be higher than the suction hydrogen pressure of metal hydride under operating temperature, the low-pressure side hydrogen pressure is lower than metal hydride and puts hydrogen pressure under operating temperature;
(3) under the driving of pressure differential, metal hydride is in the heat release of high pressure side draught hydrogen, and low pressure is sidelong the hydrogen heat absorption; Take away the hot/cold amount of generation by heat exchanger, realize heating/freeze, high-pressure side metal hydride hydrogen content increases because of inhaling hydrogen simultaneously, and low-pressure side metal hydride hydrogen content reduces because of putting hydrogen, metal hydride hydrogen content so produce concentration difference;
(4) metal hydride inside is under the driving of concentration difference, the hydrogen atom that the high-pressure side absorbs is transferred to low-pressure side continuously by diffusion effect, make that the hydrogen atom minimizing of metal hydride inside, high-pressure side, the hydrogen atom of low-pressure side metal hydride inside are replenished, thereby keep carrying out continuously of heating/freeze.
3. one kind heats/refrigeration system based on the described single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride of claim 1, comprise compressor (1), check valve (2), hydrogen pipeline (3) and diffusion bed (4), diffusion bed (4) comprises micro porous filtration sheet (5) again, cryogenic heat exchanger (6), the adiabatic outer wall (7) of bed body, metal hydride powder (8) and high-temperature heat-exchanging (9), it is characterized in that: compressor (1) advances, outlet is advanced by hydrogen pipeline (3) and diffusion bed (4), outlet links to each other, check valve (2) is arranged on compressor (1) export pipeline, diffusion bed (4) is whole to be surrounded by the bed adiabatic outer wall of body (7), (4) import department is provided with high-temperature heat-exchanging (9) near the diffusion bed, diffusion bed (4) exit is provided with cryogenic heat exchanger (6), metal hydride powder (8) is filled in the diffusion bed (4), and diffusion bed (4) advances, outlet is provided with micro porous filtration sheet (5).
4. single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride according to claim 3 heats/refrigeration system, it is characterized in that: cryogenic heat exchanger (6) links to each other with extraneous thermal source.
5. single alloy compressing-diffusing metal hydride according to claim 3 heats/refrigeration system, it is characterized in that: high-temperature heat-exchanging (9) links to each other with the external world is heat sink.
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| CN101344345B (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2012-06-27 | 安徽工业大学 | Compression-absorption-diffusion combined refrigerating plant and its refrigeration cycle method |
| CN101363683B (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-06-09 | 西安交通大学 | Solar heat pump drying system |
| US9285845B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2016-03-15 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for cooling devices using phase change materials |
| CN103277938B (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2016-02-03 | 浙江理工大学 | The metal hydride heat pump system and method for associating driving |
| CN106225543B (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2019-02-05 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Metal hydride finned heat exchanger and preparation method thereof |
| CN107782012A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-09 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | electrochemical refrigeration system and its control method |
| CN107975963A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-05-01 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Metal hydride refrigeration system and its control method |
| CN108344780B (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2021-03-16 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Metal hydride detection device, air conditioner and detection method |
| CN108662719B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2024-01-16 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Safety detection method of air conditioner applying electrochemical compressor and air conditioner |
| CN113357761B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-12-23 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Steering control method and device for electrochemical refrigeration system and intelligent air conditioner |
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