CN100390282C - 具有调节的选择性的il-2融合蛋白 - Google Patents
具有调节的选择性的il-2融合蛋白 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了治疗指数增加的细胞因子融合蛋白和增加这些融合蛋白的治疗指数的方法。本发明融合蛋白能够结合一种以上类型的在细胞上表达的细胞因子受体,还能够结合一种以上细胞类型。此外,本发明融合蛋白比相应的天然发生的细胞因子在病人体内显示出更长的循环半衰期。
Description
相关申请的参考
本申请要求U.S.S.N.60/337,113(2001年12月4日提交)和U.S.S.N60/371,966(2002年4月12日提交)的优先权和权益,在此将它们的完整公开引入作为参考。
发明领域
本发明一般涉及含有细胞因子的融合蛋白和提高这些融合蛋白的治疗效力的方法。更具体地,本发明涉及显示出在病人体内比相应的天然发生的细胞因子具有更长循环半衰期并且具有改进的治疗性质的细胞因子融合蛋白。本发明尤其涉及具有改进的治疗特征的IL2融合蛋白。
背景技术
白介素-2(IL-2)是一种作用于免疫系统而主要产生细胞介导的免疫应答的有效的细胞因子。在适宜的条件下,在抗原位点的附近局部产生高浓度的IL-2以便提供抗原免疫应答产生所需要的共同刺激信号。由于IL-2在T细胞的生长和分化中的作用,它已经成为治疗肿瘤的免疫治疗方法中的候选者。除了刺激T细胞,IL-2还显示出刺激B细胞、NK细胞、淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞(LAK)、单核细胞、巨噬细胞和树突细胞。
IL-2是被批准的治疗转移性肾癌和转移性黑素瘤的治疗性药物,但是其应用受到严重的毒副作用的限制,这些毒副作用包括发烧、恶心、血管渗漏和低血压。在施用IL-2时所观察到的各种毒性作用中,最不希望的并且被认为严重干扰IL-2治疗的一种毒性作用是血管渗漏综合症(vascularleak syndrome,VLS)及其相关并发症。
因此,在本领域中需要进一步增强IL-2蛋白的治疗有用性。
发明概述
本发明部分基于IL-2融合蛋白的IL-2部分中的突变的鉴定,该突变增加IL-2融合蛋白的最大耐受剂量(相对于施用于病人时,该蛋白的最大有效剂量而言)。优选的融合蛋白能够通过明显不同的相互作用结合一种以上在病人体内的相同细胞上表达的受体种类。优选的细胞因子融合蛋白包括能够结合一种以上类型的细胞因子受体复合物和结合一种以上细胞类型的细胞因子。本发明还提供了鉴定具有有用性质的特定细胞因子融合蛋白变体的方法。
本发明提供的融合蛋白含有融合到突变IL-2部分上的非IL-2部分,其中该融合蛋白显示出比参考蛋白(包括与非突变IL-2部分融合的非IL-2部分)更强的选择性,并且选择性测量为表达IL-2Rαβγ受体的细胞的活化相对于表达IL-2Rβγ受体的细胞的活化的比值。
融合蛋白的突变IL-2部分包括成熟人IL-2蛋白的一个或多个氨基酸的突变。在一个实施方案中,根据本发明的融合蛋白包括IL-2部分中的一个或多个氨基酸位点的氨基酸置换。在另一个实施方案中,本发明的融合蛋白包括IL-2部分中的一个或多个氨基酸位点的氨基酸的缺失。在另一个实施方案中,本发明的融合蛋白包括该融合蛋白的IL-2部分中的一个或多个氨基酸的修饰。
本发明的融合蛋白中的突变改变了融合蛋白相对于参考融合蛋白的选择性,其中选择性测量为表达IL-2Rαβγ受体的细胞的活化相对于表达IL-2Rβγ受体的细胞的活化的比值。融合蛋白中的突变还可以导致对该融合蛋白的IL-2Rβγ受体亲和性相对于对该融合蛋白的IL-2Rαβγ受体亲和性产生差别效应。优选的突变或变更导致融合蛋白对表达IL-2Rβγ受体的细胞的活化作用相对于该融合蛋白对表达IL-2Rαβγ受体的细胞的活化作用减少。
本发明优选的融合蛋白通常显示出大于约2倍的差别效应。在一个方面,通过依赖IL-2生长的细胞或细胞系的增殖性应答来测量差别效应。这种对融合蛋白的应答表示为ED50值,其通过绘出剂量应答来曲线和确定导致半数最大应答的蛋白浓度得到。通过本发明融合蛋白在表达IL-2Rβγ受体的细胞上的ED50值与在表达IL-2Rαβγ受体的细胞上的ED50值的比值相对于参考融合蛋白的ED50值的比值,测量了该融合蛋白的差别效应。其具体计算公式如下:
本发明融合蛋白的选择性可以相对于含有融合到非突变IL-2部分上与融合蛋白中的非IL-2部分相同的非IL-2部分的参考融合蛋白来测量。在优选的实施方案中,如上面描述针对本发明融合蛋白测量到的差别效应在约5倍到约10倍之间。优选地,本发明融合蛋白显示出的差别效应在约10倍到约1000倍之间。
在一个备选的优选实施方案中,将融合蛋白的选择性与如下参考融合蛋白的选择性作比较,该参考融合蛋白含有与该融合蛋白相同的非IL-2部分,该非IL-2部分在参考融合蛋白中融合到IL-2部分(包括在88位具有天冬酰胺变为精氨酸的氨基酸置换(N88R)的成熟人IL-2)上。具有改进的治疗指数的本发明融合蛋白包括选择性和N88R的选择性接近但是为具有N88R氨基酸置换的参考融合蛋白的选择性的约0.1%到约100%的融合蛋白。在另一个实施方案中,本发明融合蛋白的选择性是在IL-2部分具有N88R氨基酸置换的参考融合蛋白的选择性的约0.1%到约30%。本发明融合蛋白还包括选择性是在IL-2部分具有N88R氨基酸置换的参考融合蛋白的选择性的约1%到约20%的融合蛋白。本发明融合蛋白的选择性还可以是在成熟人IL-2部分中包含N88R氨基酸置换的参考融合蛋白的选择性的约2%到约10%。
本发明融合蛋白具有比成熟人IL-2蛋白的血清半衰期更长的血清半衰期。本发明融合蛋白的长血清半衰期可以归因于该融合蛋白的非IL-2部分。例如,在一个实施方案中,本发明融合蛋白的非IL-2部分是白蛋白。在另一个实施方案中,本发明融合蛋白的非IL-2部分是抗体域,包括例如KS-1/4抗体域变体、NHS76抗体域变体和14.18抗体域变体。该抗体域也可选自各种其他抗体,例如抗各种肿瘤和病毒抗原的抗体。
在一个优选的实施方案中,如上描述,针对本发明融合蛋白测量到的差别效应为约5倍到约10倍。优选地,本发明融合蛋白所显示的差别效应在约10倍到约1000倍之间。
有用的是突变本发明融合蛋白的IL-2部分的氨基酸以便导致2倍或更大的差别效应。IL-2部分中不同的氨基酸突变可以导致差别效应大于约2倍、在约5倍和约10倍之间或优选地在约10倍和约1000倍之间。在一个优选的实施方案中,氨基酸突变是用苏氨酸置换相应于成熟的人IL-2部分的第20位的天冬氨酸(D20T)。在另一个优选的实施方案中,氨基酸突变是用精氨酸置换成熟的人IL-2蛋白的88位的天冬酰胺(N88R)。本发明融合蛋白还可以包括在一个以上的氨基酸位置的突变。在一个实施方案中,根据本发明的融合蛋白包括将成熟人IL-2蛋白第88位天冬酰胺变为精氨酸、85位亮氨酸变为苏氨酸和86位异亮氨酸变为苏氨酸的氨基酸置换。
IL-2部分中某些位置的氨基酸突变可以导致大于约2倍的差别效应。有用的是突变相应于成熟人IL-2蛋白的K8、Q13、E15、H16、L19、D20、Q22、M23、N26、H79、L80、R81、D84、N88、I92和E95位的氨基酸。其他有用的可突变氨基酸位置是成熟人IL-2蛋白的L25、N31、L40、M46、K48、K49、D109、E110、A112、T113、V115、E116、N119、R120、I122、T123、Q126、S127、S130和T131。在本发明融合蛋白中优选的突变氨基酸位置包括D20、N88和Q126。
在一个实施方案中,在上面列出的优选位置处的一个或多个氨基酸在融合蛋白中被突变。在一个优选的实施方案中,用精氨酸置换88位的天冬酰胺(N88R)。在另一个优选的实施方案中,用苏氨酸置换20位的天冬氨酸(D20T)。在另一个优选的实施方案中,用天冬氨酸置换126位的谷氨酰胺(Q126D)。各种氨基酸置换导致本发明融合蛋白在具有IL-2Rαβγ受体的细胞上的活性相对于其在具有IL-2Rβγ受体的细胞上的活性有选择性,此选择性可以通过融合蛋白对IL-2Rβγ受体的亲和性相对于融合蛋白对IL-2Rαβγ受体的亲和性反映出来。
在上述一个或多个氨基酸位置含有突变的融合蛋白具有大于约2倍的差别效应。优选地,差别效应在约5倍到10倍之间,更优选地,在约10倍到约1000倍之间。
除了突变IL-2部分中的氨基酸,也可以突变非IL-2部分中的氨基酸。在一个优选的实施方案中,非IL-2部分是抗体域。该抗体域可以选自各种不同的免疫球蛋白(Ig)抗体,优选IgG抗体,包括例如,IgGγ1、IgGγ2和IgGγ4的抗体域,或者这些抗体域的任何组合。如本文中所用的,术语“抗体”和“免疫球蛋白”意指(i)一种完整抗体(例如,单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体),(ii)完整抗体的抗原结合部分,包括例如,Fab片段、Fab’片段和(Fab’)2片段、Fv片段、单链抗体结合位点、sFv,(iii)双特异性抗体和其抗原结合部分,和(iv)多特异性抗体和其抗原结合部分。在本发明蛋白中,免疫球蛋白Fc区可包括至少一个免疫球蛋白恒定重链区,例如免疫球蛋白恒定重链2(CH2)区、免疫球蛋白恒定重链3(CH3)区,以及依赖于用于产生Fc区的免疫球蛋白的类型,任选地免疫球蛋白恒定重链4(CH4)区,或者上面的组合。在特定实施方案中,免疫球蛋白Fc区可能缺乏免疫球蛋白恒定重链1(CH1)区。虽然免疫球蛋白Fc区可以基于任何免疫球蛋白种类,例如,IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG和IgM,但是优选免疫球蛋白Fc区基于IgG。本发明融合蛋白中包括的抗体部分优选来自人,但是也可来自鼠抗体或者任何其他哺乳动物或非哺乳动物免疫球蛋白。本发明融合蛋白中所用的Fc区可以考虑改良以适应于该分子的特定应用。在一个实施方案中,Fc区来自免疫球蛋白γ1同种型或其变体。在另一个实施方案中,Fc区来自免疫球蛋白γ2同种型或其变体。在另一个实施方案中,Fc区可来自免疫球蛋白γ3同种型或其变体。Fc区可以含有一个铰链区,该铰链区来自与Fc区自身不同的免疫球蛋白同种型。例如,Fc区可以来自免疫球蛋白γ2同种型并且包括一个来自免疫球蛋白γ1同种型或其变体的铰链区。在本发明的另外一个优选的实施方案中,Fc区来自免疫球蛋白γ4同种型。尤其优选经修饰后含有一个来自免疫球蛋白γ1同种型或其变体的铰链区的免疫球蛋白γ4同种型。
在一个实施方案中,本发明融合蛋白在Ig部分含有突变。一个有用的突变是IgGγ1序列QYNSTYR(SEQ ID NO:1)中的突变——将N变为Q;一个尤其有用的突变是γ2或γ4序列QFNST(SEQ ID NO:2)中的突变——将二肽基元FN变为AQ。
本发明还描述了编码本发明各种融合蛋白的DNA构建体。本发明融合蛋白对于治疗癌症、病毒感染和免疫疾病尤其有用。
此处公开的这些目的和其他目的以及优点和特征将在下面的说明、附图和权利要求中进一步彰显。
附图简述
图1描述了细胞因子与第二蛋白部分的融合,该融合改变了细胞因子的天然结合特征。图1A描述了含有Fc的融合蛋白中IL-2的融合配偶体,其是一种二聚体分子,如抗体或Fc部分,因此当融合蛋白的IL-2部分和其受体相互作用时两分子的IL-2被带到细胞表面。图1B描述了产生相同效果的另一种机理。
图2显示了融合蛋白免疫细胞因子huKS-IL2(用三角形代表)和两个变体——huKS-ala-IL2(用圆形代表)和huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)(用星号代表)的典型的药物动力学曲线。
发明详述
本发明提供了提高IL-2融合蛋白尤其是IL-2免疫细胞因子的治疗指数的方法和组合物。根据本发明,治疗分子的治疗指数是分子的最大耐受剂量除以该分子的最大有效剂量的比值。本发明包括IL-2免疫细胞因子的改良变体,其与游离的IL-2相比显示出明显更长的循环半衰期。本发明还提供了显示出选择性IL-2应答的IL-2融合蛋白,尤其是IL-2免疫细胞因子,选择性IL-2应答可以反映为本发明融合蛋白对具有各种效应子功能的细胞的活化作用降低,这些细胞的活化是IL-2毒性作用的主要原因。而且,本发明提供了具有改良活性的IL-2融合蛋白。一种本发明IL-2融合蛋白包括在一个或多个氨基酸位置的变化,这些变化改变IL-2融合蛋白对不同IL-2受体的相对亲和性,导致IL-2融合蛋白的生物学性质改变。本发明可以用于减少或最小化与IL-2治疗相关的毒性。不管任何给定IL-2毒性(如VLS)的根本机制如何,该毒性均部分由如下事实导致,即尽管希望IL-2在特定位点起作用,但由于IL-2为静脉内注射,所以IL-2可以在身体内发挥全身性作用。IL-2的全身性施用比局部施用需要高得多的剂量,这反过来将促进在较低剂量时看不到的毒性,因此上述事实会使问题恶化。本发明提供了减毒IL-2融合蛋白。本发明还提供了生产减毒IL-2融合蛋白的方法。
一般地,本发明对包括融合到非IL-2部分上的IL-2部分的融合蛋白有用。根据本发明,非IL-2部分可以是合成的或天然蛋白或其一部分或变体(包括物种变体、等位变体和突变体)。优选的非IL-2部分包括Fc和白蛋白部分。根据本发明,IL-2部分可以是天然IL-2分子或其保留了至少一种IL-2活性或功能的部分或变体(包括物种变体、等位变体和突变体)(根据本发明,IL-2部分可以是修饰后具有不同的IL-2受体结合亲和性的IL-2)。
根据本发明,细胞通过特定细胞表面受体(IL-2R)应答IL-2,IL-2R以两种形式存在。高亲和性受体是异源三聚体,由α、β、γ亚基组成;中等亲和性受体是异源二聚体,由β和γ亚基组成。这两种IL-2R对IL-2的结合常数相差两个数量级。通过βγ复合物内的相互作用在受体的胞质侧介导信号的转导。不同细胞类型表达不同量的α、β和γ亚基。例如,活化的T细胞表达所有三种亚基以形成高亲和性IL-2Rαβγ,而成熟的静息T细胞和NK细胞表达β和γ亚基以得到中等亲和性IL-2Rβγ。这样,为达到刺激,细胞需要不同水平地暴露于IL-2,反过来,通过调节特定细胞环境中的IL-2活性,可以控制免疫应答的性质。
本发明的方法和组合物在IL-2融合蛋白如带有IL-2的免疫细胞因子的情况下尤其有用。根据本发明,带有IL-2的免疫细胞因子是已被证实可以通过直接将IL-2靶向肿瘤微环境内而显著提高IL-2的治疗效力的合成分子。免疫细胞因子是由抗体部分和细胞因子部分如IL-2部分组成的融合蛋白。根据本发明,抗体部分可以是完整抗体或免疫球蛋白或其具有生物学功能如抗原特异结合亲和性的部分或变体(包括物种变体、等位变体和突变体)。类似地,本发明的细胞因子部分可以是天然细胞因子或其保持至少某种细胞因子活性的部分或变体(包括物种变体、等位变体和突变体)。免疫细胞因子治疗的好处是显而易见的。例如,免疫细胞因子的抗体部分可以识别肿瘤特异性表位而将免疫细胞因子分子靶向肿瘤位点。因此,可以将高浓度的IL-2递送到肿瘤微环境中,从而导致许多上面提到的免疫效应细胞的活化和增殖,而所用的免疫细胞因子的剂量比使用游离IL-2时所需要的剂量要低得多。而且,与游离IL-2相比,免疫细胞因子更长的循环半衰期也有助于免疫细胞因子的效力。最后,也可以利用抗体的天然效应子功能,例如在含有FcγRIII的NK细胞中激活抗体依赖的细胞的细胞毒性(ADCC)。
IL-2免疫细胞因子比游离IL-2有更大的效力。然而,IL-2免疫细胞因子的某些特征可能加重IL-2分子的潜在副作用。因为相对于游离IL-2,IL-2免疫细胞因子在血流中有显著更长的循环半衰期,IL-2或融合蛋白分子的其他部分激活通常在脉管系统中存在的组分的可能性亦增加。同样的考虑也适用于含有融合到可导致循环中IL-2半衰期延长的另一部分如Fc或白蛋白上的IL-2的其他融合蛋白。
本发明提供了改变的IL-2融合蛋白,例如与完整抗体或抗体的一部分或者白蛋白融合的IL-2,和这些融合蛋白未改变的形式相比,此改变形式的融合蛋白的毒性减弱。本发明还提供了在IL-2和/或非IL-2部分中具有一个或多个变化的融合蛋白,这些变化改变了融合蛋白在表达α、β和γIL-2受体亚基的细胞中相对于在表达β和γIL-2受体亚基的细胞中的相对活性。本发明还提供了含有改变的IL-2的融合蛋白,与这些融合蛋白未改变的形式相比,此改变的融合蛋白显示出对IL-2受体的α、β或γ亚基的亲和性发生改变。
许多含有IL-2的抗体融合蛋白显示出与游离IL-2相比具有量变的但是对于治疗应用却不是质量上最优的IL-2活性。本发明提供了修饰形式的抗体-IL2融合蛋白,其中IL-2或抗体或两部分都发生改变以为给定应用从质量上改进IL-2活性。
本发明还提供了用于确定在设计用于治疗疾病的修饰融合蛋白时尤其有用的修饰类型的策略。
图1描述了融合蛋白可以结合至细胞表面从而改变融合蛋白内的部分的受体结合特征的可能机制。例如,图1A描述了IL-2的融合配偶体是二聚体分子。这增加了另一个IL-2分子与其受体相互作用的可能性,这例如可以通过降低解离速率实现,从而导致结合的净增加。图1B描述了产生相同效果的另一个机制。在带有IL-2受体和针对融合蛋白中的IL-2融合配偶体的受体(例如针对Ig部分的Fc部分的Fc受体)的细胞中,融合配偶体的受体(例如Fc受体)能够结合融合蛋白并将其拴在细胞表面,在细胞表面融合蛋白结合IL-2受体的可能性增加。
最近完成了一种抗体-细胞因子融合蛋白(称为huKS-IL2)的I/II期试验。huKS-IL2是由融合到细胞因子白介素2的KS-1/4抗体组成的融合蛋白。KS-1/4识别肿瘤细胞表面抗原EpCAM(上皮细胞粘附分子)从而具有将IL-2浓缩在肿瘤位点的效果。在该试验过程中,测量了病人对治疗的反应。对治疗显示出显著反应的一个病人经历了临床部分反应,接着是疾病的稳定和痛苦药物治疗的减少。该病人在前的标准治疗已经失败。该病人的生命比没有这种治疗时所预期的有显著延长。
令人惊奇的是,作为前面的化疗的结果,该病人的T细胞群基本上被消除了,该病人的T细胞数比试验中的所有其他病人的要低得多。考虑到已知IL-2激活T细胞,例如,已知IL-2增强CD8(+)T细胞对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性,明显缺少T细胞的该病人的强烈反应是尤其没想到的。该发现促使进一步研究新的抗体-IL-2融合蛋白,其中IL-2部分可以显示出改变的细胞特异性,导致IL-2融合蛋白的治疗指数的提高。
从IL-2的晶体结构、与相关细胞因子的序列比较和定点诱变研究,在阐明IL-2中与不同IL-2受体亚基接触的氨基酸和它们对生物学活性的重要性方面取得了很大进步。例如,D20残基(在所有哺乳动物的IL-2中都保守)是结合IL-2受体的β亚基的关键残基,在此位置的各种置换造成明显不同的影响。例如,变体IL-2(D20K)不能结合任何IL-2R复合体并且通常没有活性,而变体IL-2(D20E)或IL-2(D20T)保留它们的生物学活性。氨基酸位置R38和F42对于结合α亚基是关键的,尽管在这些位点的突变减小了IL-2和高亲和性受体IL-2Rαβγ的相互作用,它仍然结合中等亲和性受体IL-2Rβγ,从而保留了一些生物活性。N88是另一个参与介导与β亚基相互作用的残基,虽然IL-2(N88R)变体对中等亲和性受体的亲和力显著降低,其对于高亲和性受体的亲和力基本没变。所以IL-2的N88R突变体仍然能够活化T细胞。
可以通过许多本领域中已知方法(包括例如放射免疫测定法)测定本发明融合蛋白对不同受体的结合亲和性。
因此,可以通过突变与受体亚基之一接触的特定氨基酸或者改变氨基酸残基的组合而扰乱IL-2的结构,使得其对一种IL-2受体复合体比对另一种IL-2受体复合体具有更大亲和力。结果,该分子在一种细胞类型中比在另一种细胞类型中显示出更大活性。根据本发明,可以操纵Ig-IL2融合蛋白中的IL-2结构而得到期望效果。而且,在某些情况下,Ig-IL2变体融合蛋白和相应的游离IL-2突变蛋白相比具有不同的生物学特征。
根据本发明,还可以操纵融合蛋白中的IL-2部分使得其对一个或多个IL-2受体亚基(α,β或γ)的亲和力改变从而导致该融合蛋白的生物活性总体降低。这些变体能够活化IL-2应答细胞,但是需要比游离IL-2更高的浓度。所以,当IL-2融合蛋白被浓缩在目的靶位点(例如通过靶定部分)时,这些变体具有改良的治疗指数。
IL-2R的α受体亚基似乎具有拴系功能:该低亲和性受体结合IL-2并保持IL-2接近细胞表面,从而附近的细胞表面IL-2Rβ和IL-2Rγ受体亚基的有效浓度增加了。IL-2受体的α亚基和βγ亚基一起产生了高亲和性IL-2R复合体。本发明部分是基于认识到IL-2融合蛋白能够与细胞表面受体发生多种不同的相互作用。例如,对于含有抗体部分的融合蛋白,抗体部分自身能够促进融合蛋白与细胞表面的结合,而且IL-2可以以多份拷贝存在于融合蛋白中。结果,IL-2可以被拴在只表达IL-2R的β或γ亚基的细胞上,从而IL-2活化这种细胞的能力增强。
例如,一种融合IL-2的二聚体免疫球蛋白(Ig)具有IL-2的两份拷贝,从而一个IL-2部分与其受体的结合增加了第二个IL-2部分与相同细胞表面上的受体分子的相互作用的可能性。图1A中的图解代表了细胞表面上Ig-IL2融合蛋白的可能构型。本发明提供了Ig-IL2融合蛋白,其中IL-2部分被改变而降低与IL-2Rβγ受体的结合。
可以改变Ig-IL2融合蛋白与某些免疫细胞表面的结合的另一个机制是细胞表面的Fc受体可以结合Ig部分的Fc部分从而将IL-2拴到具有Fc受体和IL-2受体的细胞表面(图1B)。这些细胞包括NK细胞、B细胞和巨噬细胞。本发明提供了Ig部分被改变而降低了与Fc受体的结合的Ig-IL2融合蛋白。本发明还提供了Ig部分和IL-2部分都整合了上述性质的改变的Ig-IL2融合蛋白。
基于可以人工将Ig-IL2融合蛋白拴到具有IL-2受体亚基的细胞上这一知识,可以设计拴系部分发生改变的变体融合蛋白。例如,有用的是改变Ig-IL2融合蛋白的Fc受体结合特征。这可以通过例如突变Fc部分内的已知氨基酸接触位点或者通过除去N-连接的糖基化(通过突变或蛋白的酶促消化)完成。
类似地,根据本发明,有用的是在IL-2部分内导入对结合IL-2受体亚基有影响的突变。尤其是,有用的是突变IL-2中与IL-2受体的β亚基接触的氨基酸。一类尤其有用的突变是降低IL-2与IL-2Rβ的结合能,但是不空间位阻该相互作用。例如,将接触氨基酸突变为具有更小侧链的氨基酸尤其有用。这种突变的效果是显著降低IL-2对β-γ形式的IL-2受体的亲和力和减少这些受体介导的信号途径的活化,但是对α-β-γ形式的IL-2受体的结合或者IL-2在具有这些IL-2受体的细胞内引起的活性产生相对很小的影响或没有影响。在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,突变减小了但没有除去对β-γ形式的IL-2受体的亲和力。
类似地,有用的是在IL-2表面的与IL-2受体的α亚基相互作用的氨基酸中导入突变。一种尤其有用的突变是降低IL-2与IL-2Rα的结合能,但是不空间位阻该相互作用。例如,将接触氨基酸突变为具有更小侧链的氨基酸尤其有用。这种突变的效果是显著降低IL-2对α-β-γ形式的IL-2受体的亲和力,但是对β-γ形式的IL-2受体的结合影响相对很小或没有影响。在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,突变减小了但没有除去对α-β-γ形式的IL-2受体的亲和力。
类似地,有用的是在IL-2表面的与IL-2受体的γ亚基相互作用的氨基酸中导入突变。如前面的情况,一种尤其有用的突变是降低IL-2与IL-2Rγ的结合能,但是不空间位阻该相互作用。例如,将接触氨基酸突变为具有更小侧链的氨基酸尤其有用。这种突变的效果是显著降低IL-2对β-γ形式的IL-2受体的亲和力,但是对α-β-γ形式的IL-2受体的结合影响相对很小或没有影响。在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,突变减小了但没有除去对β-γ形式的IL-2受体的亲和力。
还有用的是向IL-2上与IL-2受体亚基的不同表面相互作用的氨基酸中导入突变的组合。尽管每个突变单独地对IL-2与α-β-γ形式的或β-γ形式的IL-2受体的结合影响很小或没有影响,但是这些突变的组合可以使IL-2对其受体的亲和性或IL-2的生物活性达到所需的降低效果。
根据本发明,IL-2其他部分的突变可以间接地有助于改变IL-2与β-γ形式或α-β-γ形式的IL-2受体的相互作用,从而导致具有调整的活性的IL-2分子。例如,突变可以轻微的改变该分子的构象,由此改变其结合特性。
根据本发明,还有用的是产生在IL-2部分中含有调节IL-2部分与IL-2受体复合体的结合的突变并在抗体部分中含有突变的融合蛋白。如果想要改变Ig-IL2融合蛋白与特定Fc受体的相互作用,那么这些融合蛋白可能尤其有用。
与融合到另一个蛋白部分如Ig的IL-2部分相比,游离的IL-2部分可以显示出对IL-2R复合体的不同的结合特征。一种可能的发生机制已经在上面给出。另一种可能机制是免疫细胞因子中的IL-2在空间或构象上受限并且该特定限制反映在IL-2部分与不同IL-2受体复合体的结合特征中。所以,有用的是在融合蛋白中导入调节该限制的改变。例如,非IL-2部分的改变可用于调节IL-2的活性。
可以在适宜的细胞或动物模型中检验在特定应用(如人类疾病的治疗)中特定IL-2融合蛋白(如Ig-IL2融合蛋白或含有Fc或白蛋白的IL-2融合蛋白)的有用性。可能时优选在动物中检验,因为此检验与人类疾病中免疫系统行为的完全复杂性更接近。例如,某些细胞的特定平衡可能对抵抗目的疾病,如癌症或细菌、病毒或寄生虫感染是最佳的。例如,相对高水平的T细胞活性可能用于抗某些肿瘤类型,而相对高水平的NK细胞活性可能用于抗不同的肿瘤类型。
本发明的另一个特点是具有上佳的毒性谱的IL-2融合蛋白变体,如Ig-IL2融合物或含有Fc或白蛋白的IL-2融合物。例如,含有突变D20T的Ig-IL2融合蛋白在动物如小鼠中显示出比相应的20位为D的Ig-IL2融合蛋白有更低的毒性。在另一个实例中,在IL-2部分含有突变N88R或L85T、I86T、N88R突变组合的Ig-IL2融合蛋白在动物如小鼠中显示出比相应的在88为N的Ig-IL2融合蛋白有更低的毒性。而且,在IL-2部分含有突变D20T或突变N88R的抗体-IL2融合蛋白当用于治疗表达该抗体的抗原靶标的肿瘤时显示出与相应的亲本抗体-IL2融合蛋白相当的效力。
相对所报道的游离IL-2蛋白中的D20T突变的性质,Ig-IL2融合蛋白的D20T变体的性质尤其令人惊奇。具体地,游离IL-2蛋白的D20T突变并不使该蛋白相对于野生型IL-2蛋白在对具有IL-2Rαβγ的细胞或具有IL2R-βγ的细胞的活性方面表现出不同(Shanafelt等,PCTWO99/60128)。然而,含有D20T突变的Ig-IL2融合蛋白活化具有IL2R-βγ的细胞的潜力急剧降低,但是活化具有IL-2Rαβγ的细胞的能力基本正常。
所以,Ig-IL2融合蛋白中IL-2部分的几个氨基酸的突变可以导致毒性减弱但对该融合蛋白在各种疾病的治疗中的效力相对几乎无影响。例如,IL-2融合蛋白变体对其受体的亲和力可能被改变的程度是该特定融合蛋白浓缩在其目的靶点的状况的函数。尤其有用的是突变IL-2部分内的一个或多个下面的氨基酸:Lys8、Gln13、Glu15、His16、Leu19、Asp20、Gln22、Met23、Asn26、Arg38、Phe42、Lys43、Thr51、His79、Leu80、Arg81、Asp84、Asn88、Val91、Ile92和Glu95。还有用的是突变IL-2部分内的一个或多个下面的氨基酸:Leu25、Asn31、Leu40、Met46、Lys48、Lys49、Asp109、Glu110、Ala112、Thr113、Val115、Glu116、Asn119、Arg120、Ile122、Thr123、Gln126、Ser127、Ser130和Thr131。
本发明公开了融合到IL-2的Ig部分的形式,例如抗体-IL2融合物如huKS-IL2或dI-NHS76-IL2,其中融合到IL-2的Ig部分的改变影响该融合蛋白对IL-2R复合体的结合性质。这些改变可以是重链氨基酸序列中的氨基酸置换,或者化学修饰。有用的氨基酸置换包括影响该融合蛋白糖基化或直接影响与Fc受体相互作用的置换。一种尤其有用的置换可能是抑制通常在IgG重链的N297(EU命名法)位置处发现的糖基化的置换。化学和生物化学修饰包括分子的PEG化或用N-聚糖酶处理除去N-连接的糖基链。不希望被理论所束缚,可以设想分子的抗体部分中的特定改变可以影响IL-2的构象,例如通过改变抗体分子的刚性。对于huKS-IL2,这些改变可以导致一种KS-IL2分子,其现在在基于细胞的生物分析中对T细胞的选择性增加。
对于抗体-IL2融合蛋白,常有用的是选择一种可赋予该分子其他希望的性质的Ig部分。例如,可能优选γ1亚类的IgG部分以保持免疫效应子功能如ADCC。备选地,可能优选γ2或γ4亚类的IgG部分,例如以便减少FcR受体相互作用。当使用γ2或γ4亚类的IgG部分时,尤其优选包含衍生自γ1的铰链区。
常有用的是将Ig-IL2融合蛋白的突变和化学或生物化学修饰与具有明显不同有用性质的其他突变(例如,某些Fc区的C末端的赖氨酸到丙氨酸或另一疏水性残基的突变)组合使用。例如,尤其有用的是将本发明修饰应用于抗体融合蛋白huKS-ala-IL2或dI-NHS(76)-ala-IL2。还优选的是向分子中导入能除去潜在T细胞表位的其他突变。尤其优选的是这些突变不会实质性地改变分子的期望性质。
本发明还公开了融合到IL-2的Ig部分的形式,例如抗体-IL2融合物如huKS-IL2,其中IL-2氨基酸序列中的特定改变,例如IL2(D20T)或IL2(N88R)改变了融合蛋白对IL-2R复合体的结合性质。成熟人IL-2蛋白的氨基酸序列描述于SEQ ID NO:3。结合性质的改变反映在在基于细胞的生物分析中对T细胞的选择性增加。该特定突变影响对T细胞的选择性程度。而且,这些改变导致一种当全身性施用于小鼠时比例如huKS-ala-IL2的毒副作用小的融合分子,例如huKS-ala-IL2(D20T)或huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)。这些改变还导致一种在许多小鼠肿瘤模型中在肿瘤治疗方面至少和正常huKS-IL2或huKS-ala-IL2一样有效的融合蛋白,例如huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)。
因为需要清除肿瘤的免疫应答是多种多样的并且随肿瘤类型的不同而不同,所以当使用减毒分子时完全从该分子除去某个功能是不希望的。例如,在诱导了结肠癌的肺部转移的小鼠模型中,huKS-IL2通过T细胞介导的机制不需要NK细胞能有效治疗该癌症,而在成神经细胞瘤小鼠模型中,已证实通过huKS-IL2消灭肿瘤需要NK细胞而不需要T细胞。因此,存在以下情况:可以更适当地调节选择性谱使得仍然允许NK介导的应答。在本发明的一个实施方案中,更希望的方法是精细地改变该分子的选择性谱使得仍然完成涉及多种受体类型的应答(最优选在该分子浓缩的位置)。例如,本发明提供Ig-IL2融合蛋白的改变,其中与相应的未修饰的Ig-IL2融合蛋白相比,改变的蛋白对IL-2Rαβγ的选择性,相对于IL-2Rβγ而言,增强了2-10倍、10-100倍、100-1000倍或者大于1000倍。
本发明的另一个目的是提供减毒Ig-IL2融合蛋白对于治疗癌症或感染性疾病的最适用途。虽然改变的选择性可能导致血管毒性降低,但增加融合蛋白的剂量不一定最优地增加治疗指数。例如,这些剂量的增加可能导致调节免疫应答的负调节机制的诱导。所以,有用的是使用低毒Ig-IL2融合蛋白和降低这些效果的药物的联合治疗模式。
一种最近鉴定的细胞免疫应答的有力抑制剂是一类表达高亲和IL-2R的CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(综述见Maloy和Powrie,(2001)NatureImmunol.2:816)。根据本发明,低毒Ig-IL2融合蛋白的增加的剂量可以额外地活化这些细胞。这些细胞受到刺激时将上调它们的细胞表面的CTLA-4,CTLA-4接合免疫细胞上的细胞表面分子B7-1和B7-2并反过来引起有效的负信号(Takahashi等,(2000)J.Exp.Med.192:303)。这样,这些过程的抑制剂可用于和本发明融合蛋白的联合疗法中。在一个实施方案中,可以使用中和CTLA-4及其效果的抗体。在另一个实施方案中,可以使用具有类似活性的其它蛋白,如可溶性B7受体和它们的融合蛋白(例如B7-Ig)。其他实施方案包括杀死或抑制这些调节性T细胞自身的抗体如抗CD4和抗CD25抗体的使用。在一个优选的实施方案中,后者作相继施用而不是同时施用。
根据本发明,另一个有用的机制涉及过度刺激可以导致前列腺素产生的环加氧酶2(COX-2),已知前列腺素抑制免疫应答(见PCT US99/08376)。所以,进一步的实施方案组合使用低毒Ig-IL2分子与COX-2抑制剂如吲哚美辛(indomethacin)或者更特异的抑制剂塞来考昔(Celecoxib)(Pfizer)和罗非考昔(Rofecoxib)(Merck&Co)。可以理解通过增加低毒Ig-IL2融合蛋白剂量也可以激活其他免疫机制,并且可以设计组合疗法以应对这些机制。而且,低剂量的某些细胞毒性药物(如环磷酰胺)具有体内免疫增强效果,这些药物可能是组合治疗中有用的治疗剂。
已经开发了白蛋白融合物,目的是产生具有延长的血清半衰期的治疗性融合蛋白。例如Yeh等(Yeh P等Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.[1992]89:1904-8.)构建了一种白蛋白-CD4融合蛋白,其比单独的相应CD4部分有长得多的血清半衰期。
有用的是构建白蛋白与IL-2、红细胞生成素、α干扰素和其他配体的融合物。这些融合蛋白比单独的相应配体具有更长的血清半衰期。使用标准的遗传工程和蛋白表达技术可以在N-到C-末端方向构建配体-白蛋白融合物或白蛋白-配体融合物形式的这些融合物。备选地,可以通过化学偶联连接白蛋白和配体。
然而,白蛋白-配体融合蛋白常具有不想要的性质。不想被理论束缚,为什么白蛋白-配体融合蛋白可能具有不想要的性质的一个原因是事实上在血管内皮细胞上有白蛋白受体(Tiruppathi等Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.[1996]93:250-4)。结果,配体对血管内皮细胞的影响可能被增强。
例如,白蛋白-IL2融合蛋白具有延长的血清半衰期,但是也导致增强的血管渗漏。不想被理论束缚,注意到血管系统中IL-2介导的应答的活化因为融合蛋白对血管系统的内皮细胞上存在的白蛋白受体的结合而增加。白蛋白-IL2融合蛋白对具有白蛋白受体和IL-2受体的细胞的结合增强,其机制和图1b中所示的导致Ig-配体融合蛋白对细胞表面的结合增强的机制类似。
为了减少白蛋白-IL2导致的血管渗漏,有用的是向IL-2部分导入特异性降低IL-2对IL-2Rβγ受体的亲和力的突变。例如,构建白蛋白-IL2(N88R)或白蛋白-IL2(D20T)融合蛋白,随后发现其在动物如小鼠的疾病模型中具有减低的毒性和增强的治疗指数。
本发明分子用于癌和肿瘤的治疗,尤其是实体瘤的治疗。根据本发明可以治疗的肿瘤的实例是上皮来源的肿瘤,如存在但不限于,卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、肝癌、膀胱、头和颈部的癌。同样,根据本发明,神经外胚层起源的癌和肿瘤(例如,但不限于,黑素瘤、小细胞肺癌、软组织肉瘤和成神经细胞瘤)是合适的治疗候选者。
根据本发明,有用的是使治疗剂靶向到肿瘤位点或癌或转移的位点。含有抗优选由肿瘤或癌细胞呈递的抗原的抗体的Ig融合蛋白尤其有用。例如,含有对EpCAM(例如KS1/4)或胚纤连蛋白(例如BC1)或CEA或染色质复合体(例如NHS76)或GD2(例如14.18)或CD19或CD20或CD52或HER2/neu/c-erbB-2或MUG-1或PSMA具有特异性的抗体部分的融合蛋白尤其有用。而且,抗各种病毒抗原的抗体也尤其有用。
实施例
实施例1在IL-2编码序列或抗体编码序列中具有密码子置换的Ig-IL2融合基因的构建
在Gillies等,(1998)J.Immunol.160:6195-6203中描述了一种用于免疫细胞因子的表达载体。核苷酸序列中的几处修饰使得能够将编码序列加入到人γ-1基因的3’末端。在编码重链的人γ-1基因中,通过导入一个沉默突变(TCC到TCA)破坏了翻译终止密码子上游280bp处的XmaI限制酶切位点。另一个沉默突变(TCT到TCC)被导入重链的C末端赖氨酸上游三个残基的Ser密码子处产生序列TCC CCG GGT AAA(SEQ ID NO.4),该序列含有一个新的XmaI位点[Lo等,(1998)Protein Engineering 11:495-500]。
通过化学合成了IL-2cDNA,其含有一个新的且单一的PvuII限制性酶切位点[Gillies等,(1992)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.89:1428-1432]。Xmal和PuvII在该表达载体中都是单一的,它们方便了包括以下的抗体IL-2变体的构建。
1)huKS-ala-IL2。先前已经描述了huKS-ala-IL2的构建(例如WO01/58957)。所得蛋白在Ig重链恒定区和成熟huIL-2的连接处有一个氨基酸置换。该连接通常具有序列SPGK-APT(SEQ ID NO:5),其中-SPGK-是重链的C-末端,-APT-是成熟IL-2蛋白的N-末端。在huKS-ala-IL2中导入了一个K到A的置换(称作位置K[-1])并且该连接现具有序列SPGA-APT(SEQ ID NO:6)。结果该蛋白的血清半衰期提高了(见实施例5)。
2)dI-KS-ala-IL2。该KS-IL2融合蛋白在KS-ala-IL2中含有置换以致产生潜在T-细胞表位被除去的融合蛋白形式(在共同待审的专利申请U.S.S.N.10/112,582和10/138,727中描述,此处引用它们的完整公开作为参考)。
本发明融合蛋白的Ig部分的恒定区可以选自正常与可变区结合的恒定区或者不同的恒定区,后者导致融合蛋白的Ig部分包含来自不同亚类的Ig分子或不同种类的可变区和恒定区。例如,可以使用IgG的γ4恒定区(SEQ ID NO:7)代替γ1恒定区(SEQ ID NO:8)。该改变具有γ4链能导致更长血清半衰期的优点。因此,也可以用IgGγ2恒定区(SEQ ID NO:9)代替IgGγ1恒定区(SEQ ID NO:8)。而且,衍生自IgGγ1的铰链区(SEQID NO:10)可以代替通常在IgGγ2(SEQ ID NO:11)或IgGγ4恒定区(SEQID NO:12)中发生的铰链区。融合蛋白的Ig组分也可以在恒定区中包含使得IgG对FcγRI、FcγRII或FcγRIII中的至少一个的结合亲和力降低的突变。本发明融合蛋白可以在IgG恒定区中包括除去潜在糖基化位点和T细胞表位的突变。例如,各种恒定区可在恒定区的C末端部分包括除去潜在T细胞表位的改变。例如,通过将IgGγ1和IgGγ2恒定区中的氨基酸序列KSLSLSPGK(SEQ ID NO:13)和IgGγ4恒定区中的氨基酸序列KSLSLSLGK(SEQ ID NO:14)改变成氨基酸序列KSATATPGA(SEQ IDNO:15),除去IgG分子的各种恒定区的C末端部分中的潜在T细胞表位。
3)huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)。该huKS-IL2变体在上述Ig重链恒定区和成熟huIL-2之间的连接处含有相同的氨基酸置换(K[-1]A,通过密码子AAA变成GCC产生),而且该变体在成熟huIL-2序列的N88处置换成R(通过将密码子aAT改变成aGG产生)。通过向huIL-2的核苷酸序列中导入另一改变——沉默突变(氨基酸位置G98,密码子从ggAtcc变成ggCtcc),除去已有的Bam HI限制性酶切位点。
在huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的构建中使用基于PCR的诱变策略。使用Bluescript载体(Stratagene)中的huIL2作为模板产生了横跨成熟huIL2的编码序列的两个重叠的PCR片段。通过将这些突变分别整合到有义引物和反义引物中使得上游PCR片段含有编码K[-1]A和N88R的核苷酸变化。这些变化通过引物序列中的黑体核苷酸表示。有义引物序列是:
5’CCCCGGGTGCCGCCCCAACTTCAAGTTCTACA3’(SEQ ID NO:16);反义引物序列是:
5’AGCCCTTTAGTTCCAGAACTATTACGTTGATCCTGCTGATTAAGTCCCTAGGT3’(SEQ ID NO:17)。带下划线的核苷酸指示破坏Bam HI位点的变化。第二,下游PCR片段含有与上游PCR片段重叠的20个核苷酸和剩余IL2序列。该反应中所用有义引物是5’AGTTCTGGAACTAAAGGGCTCCGAAACAACATTCATGTGT(SEQ ID NO:18)。带下划线的核苷酸表示破坏Bam HI位点的沉默突变。所用反义引物是与pBluescript载体序列退火的标准M13反向引物。这些重叠PCR片段和引物SEQ ID 16和M13反向引物用于反应中以产生PCR终产物,其随后插入到TA载体(Invitrogen)。
校验插入片段的序列,用含有修饰的IL2序列的442bp Xma I/Xho I片段(来自质粒TA-IL2(N88R))置换亲本免疫细胞因子表达质粒(编码huKS-IL2)中的野生型huIL-2序列。通过限制性图谱和测序校验所得编码huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的免疫细胞因子表达质粒。
4)huKS M1-IL2(TTSR(SEQ ID NO:19))。通过标准重组DNA技术构建免疫细胞因子变体huKS M1-IL2(在例如共同待审的专利申请U.S.S.N.10/112,582中描述,此处引入其完整公开作为参考)。它在融合蛋白的抗体-IL2连接区中含有多个氨基酸置换,这些置换除去了潜在的T细胞表位而导致免疫原性降低的蛋白。该序列从KSLSLSPGA-APT(SEQ ID NO:20)变为KSATATPGA-APT(SEQ ID NO:21)(短划线表示Ig/IL-2连接位点,下划线为置换的氨基酸)并且用“M1”表示。整合到该变体中的还有连接处前的最后一个氨基酸由K到A的改变,该变化已被证实增加免疫细胞因子的血清半衰期。
HuKS M1-IL2(TTSR)在免疫细胞因子的IL-2部分还含有其它氨基酸置换。为了除去通过上述N88R置换产生的潜在T细胞表位,天然huIL-2的序列从-DLISNI-(SEQ ID NO:22)改变为-DTTSRI-(SEQ ID NO:23)。
通过将突变整合到有义引物中,使用基于PCR的诱变方法向huIL-2基因的核苷酸序列中导入这些变化。分别通过密码子变化ACC、ACC和AGG产生序列TTxR。用序列为5’ACTTAAGACCTAGG GACACCACCAGCAGGATCAACGTAATAGT3’(SEQ ID NO:24)的有义引物和序列为5’ATCATGTCTGGATCCCTC3’(SEQ ID NO:25)的反义引物从编码huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的模板免疫细胞因子表达质粒产生包含huIL-2序列的3’末端的诱变的197bp PCR片段。将PCR片段克隆到TA载体并校验序列。为了再生完整IL-2序列,将该片段作为Af1 II/Xho I限制性消化物连接到从编码huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的免疫细胞因子表达质粒得到的2kb Hind III/Afl II片段上并插入到HindIII/Xho I限制性切割的pBluescript载体中。在三向连接中,诱变的IL-2基因交换代替编码KS M1-IL2的免疫细胞因子表达质粒中的天然huIL-2序列。
5)huKS(N到Q)-IL2。用标准重组DNA技术构建编码huKS(N到Q)-IL2的免疫细胞因子表达质粒。huKS(N到Q)-IL2在抗体Fcγ1恒定区的CH2域含有一个除去N-连接的糖基化的氨基酸置换。氨基酸序列从QYNSTYR(SEQ ID NO:1)改变为QYQSTYR(SEQ ID NO:26),被置换的氨基酸用粗体显示。类似地,构建包含γ2和γ4恒定区的融合蛋白,其含有氨基酸序列从QFNST(SEQ ID NO:2)变化到QAQST(SEQ ID NO:27)而额外地除去潜在T细胞表位的突变。
实施例2:导致修饰的受体特异性的Ig-IL2融合蛋白的化学或酶学修饰
该实施例描述用于产生PEG化huKS-IL2或去糖基化huKS-IL2及其变体的免疫细胞因子的生物化学操作。同样的方法可以应用于其他IL-2融合蛋白,如免疫细胞因子14.18-IL2或白蛋白-细胞因子融合物。这些变体在随后的实施例中用于研究在基于细胞的生物分析中它们对各种细胞系的增殖应答(表1)或者该分子的药物动力学性质的影响。
HuKS-IL2的PEG化。PEG(20,000)通过蛋白上的胺基团共价连接到该蛋白。为此目的,使用了一种含有琥珀酰亚胺连接子的PEG反应性衍生物(mPEG-琥珀酰亚胺基丙酸酯,下面叫做“SPA-PEG”)。将huKS-IL2在由50mM磷酸钠(pH7.5)、0.05%Tween 80组成的无胺缓冲液中充分透析后浓缩。以摩尔比5∶1或10∶1将过量SPA-PEG与huKS-IL2混合。临使用前用去离子水制备5mM SPA-PEG储存液。将合适体积的SPA-PEG溶液与huKS-IL2混合并且将反应物于室温下在摇动平台上孵育30到40分钟。在加入5到10摩尔过量甘氨酸结束反应后,通过大小排阻层析纯化反应产物。将反应物样品加到在50mM HEPES和150mM NaCl中平衡的Superdex 200柱上,合并并浓缩含有PEG化蛋白的洗脱部分。
HuKS-IL2的N-聚糖酶处理。在37℃用30mU PNGaseF(NewEngland Biolabs)孵育huKS-IL2(1.5mg)过夜。通过使反应产物通过蛋白A-Sepharose柱并在pH3洗脱结合的huKS-IL2来纯化反应产物。中和洗脱物并将其在PBS和0.05%Tween80的缓冲液中于离心柱中浓缩。通过大小排阻层析和尿素凝胶校验huKS-IL2的去糖基化。
实施例3:Ig-IL2和Ig-IL2变体的表达和纯化
此处描述的针对huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的一般性方法可用于多种多样的Ig-细胞因子融合蛋白,包括突变细胞因子的Ig-融合物。为了得到表达huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的稳定转染的克隆,通过电穿孔将编码huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的免疫细胞因子表达质粒的DNA导入小鼠骨髓瘤NS/0细胞。NS/0细胞生长于补加10%热失活的胎牛血清、2mM谷氨酰胺和青霉素/链霉素的Dulbecco改进的Eagle培养基中。用PBS将约5×106个细胞洗涤一次并重新悬浮于0.5ml PBS。在冰上于Gene PulserCuvette(0.4cm电极距,BioRad)中将10μg线性化质粒DNA与细胞孵育10分钟。用Gene Pulser(BioRad,Hercules,CA)(0.25V和500μF)进行电穿孔。将细胞在冰上恢复10分钟,之后将它们重新悬浮于生长培养基中并涂于两个96孔板上。通过在100nM氨甲蝶呤(MTX)(转染后两天加入生长培养基)存在下生长选择稳定转染的克隆。每3天喂养细胞2到3次以上,在2到3周内出现MTX抗性克隆。通过抗Fc ELISA分析克隆的上清液以鉴定高产克隆。分离并在含有100nM MTX的生长培养基中增殖高产克隆。
通过蛋白A亲和柱层析从组织培养上清液纯化免疫细胞因子。对于huKS-ala-IL2(N88R),将重组蛋白A(rPA)Agarose柱用10体积层析缓冲液(running buffer)(如100mM精氨酸,5mM柠檬酸,0.01%Tween 80pH5.6)预平衡,向柱子加入含有huSK-ala-IL2(N88R)的过滤过的细胞培养上清液,流速16ml/min,每毫升rPA树脂结合约40mghuSK-ala-IL2(N88R)。用同样的缓冲液充分洗涤柱子,最后用50mM甘氨酸(pH3)洗脱免疫细胞因子。收集峰级分并用1N NaOH调节pH到中性。
实施例4生物分析中Ig-IL2变体的活性
对于基于细胞的生物分析,利用依赖于IL-2生长的细胞系,通过这些细胞的增殖评价Ig融合蛋白(例如huKS-IL2和huKS-IL2变体)的活性。例如,CTLL-2(ATCC#TIB-214;Matesanz和Alcina,1996)和TF-1β(Farner等,[1995]Blood 86:4568-4578)被分别用于跟踪T细胞应答和NK细胞样应答。CTLL-2是一种表达高亲和性IL-2Rαβγ的鼠T淋巴母细胞细胞系,TF-1β是来自表达中等亲和性IL-2Rβγ的未成熟前体类红细胞的人细胞系。对这些分析有用的另一个细胞系是例如,来自人成年T细胞淋巴瘤Kit-225(K6)的细胞系(Uchida等,[1987]Blood 70:1069-1072)。当与细胞系TF-1β配对时,在含有相同哺乳动物物种的受体的一对细胞系中估计融合蛋白的活性。也可以用来自人PBMC(外周血单个核细胞)的细胞群——以分离NK细胞(含有IL-2Rβγ)或产生活化的T细胞(表达IL-2Rαβγ)——进行这些分析。本领域普通技术人员已经知道从人PBMC中分离这些细胞群体的技术。例如,通过在10mg/ml植物凝集素(PHA-P;L9017,Sigma,St.Louis)中孵育PBMC 3天得到T细胞或PHA-blast。通常通过负选择实验方案,例如将NK-细胞分离试剂盒(Miltenyi Biotec,Auburn,CA)用于人细胞得到静息NK细胞。为了使这些融合蛋白的活性与从小鼠肿瘤模型得到的结果相关联,有用的是在从表达一种或另一种IL-2受体复合体的小鼠得到的细胞群体上进行这些分析。例如,可以用SPINSEPTM鼠NK细胞富集试剂盒(Stemcell Technologies Inc,Vancouver,BC,Canada)从重组缺陷(SCID)Balb/C小鼠的脾脏得到NK细胞群体。可通过FACS分析评价这些富集的群体之任一的纯度。
简单地说,将洗涤后的细胞以10,000个细胞/孔的密度接种在96孔微量滴定板上并在补加例如,纯化的huKS-IL2或huKS-IL2变体的细胞培养基中孵育。而且,将从R&D Systems(Minneapolis,MN)得到的野生型huIL-2蛋白作为标准分析。将所加蛋白制备成在0.45ng/ml到420ng/ml(按IL-2的摩尔当量标准化)之间跨大约1000倍的浓度范围的稀释系列。32小时后,向每孔中加入0.3μCi[甲基-3H]胸苷(Dupont-NEN-027)并将细胞再孵育16小时。然后收获细胞并于玻璃滤器上裂解。在闪烁计数器中测量掺入到DNA中的3H-胸苷。
作出剂量应答曲线并鉴定导致半数最大应答的蛋白浓度,得到关于细胞增殖的每种huKS-IL2蛋白变体的ED50值。应答的选择性表示为ED50值的比,例如ED50[TF1-β]/ED50[CTLL-2]。这样,高ED50比表明相比CTLL-2细胞应答,需要相对更高的蛋白剂量以引起TF-1β细胞应答。将HuKS-IL2变体的ED50值的比与游离huIL-2和亲本huKS-IL2蛋白的相比。该标准化的值是差别效果的量度。比参考蛋白更大的值说明选择性向CTLL-2细胞偏移。在某些情况下,可能优选用来自相同物种的细胞系得到ED50比,以便IL-2活性不会在它们与受体的相互作用方面额外地受到交叉物种差异的影响。下面的实施例用鼠CTLL-2和人TF-1β细胞计算Ig-IL2融合蛋白和游离IL-2的ED50比,从该实验所得代表性结果如表1所示。
表1
蛋白 | ED50比 |
IL-2 | 0.81 |
HuKS-IL2 | 0.11 |
HuKS-ala-IL2 | 0.17 |
KS(N到Q)-IL2 | 0.72 |
HuKS-ala-IL2(N88R) | 2300 |
KS-IL2(TTSR) | >6 |
PEG化HuKS-IL2 | 1.99 |
HuKS-IL2+聚糖酶 | 0.45 |
14.18-IL2 | 0.07 |
PEG化14.18-IL2 | 1.34 |
14.18-IL2+聚糖酶 | 0.21 |
在该实施例中,用huKS-IL2得到的ED50比(0.17)为用游离IL-2得到的ED50比(0.81)的大约5分之一。这说明该融合蛋白的选择性谱偏移了,显示出对TF-1β细胞的更强的选择性。一种不同的抗体/IL-2组合——14.18-IL2对于TF-1β的选择性也高于单独IL-2(ED50比为0.07),说明该效果不局限于抗体-IL2融合蛋白中所含的特定抗体,并且人Ig-IL2融合蛋白相对于huIL-2对鼠源高亲和性受体携带细胞的活性降低可能反映了Ig-IL2融合蛋白的一般特性。
其他变体具有改变的ED50比,从而有利于CTLL-2细胞应答。可看到huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)(ED50比大于2000)的急剧效果,反映了在这些细胞中通过中等亲和性受体介导的TF-1β细胞增殖几乎不能检测。这样,虽然huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)激活了具有IL-2Rαβγ的细胞的信号传导,但是它没有显著激活具有IL-2Rβγ的细胞。也可以在纯化的表达鼠IL-2Rβγ复合体的鼠NK细胞上分析huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的活性;不同于所报道的游离人IL2(N88R)蛋白的活性——当检查小鼠T细胞和NK细胞时选择性实质上丧失(见Wetzel等,ASCO 2001会议摘要),小鼠NK细胞中huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的ED50值和用TF-1β细胞时观察到的相似。
在具有影响融合蛋白抗体部分的糖基化的变化的Ig-IL2变体中观察到应答的选择性向CTLL-2细胞有微妙的偏移。具体地,KS(N到Q)-IL2(其在抗体的Fc部分缺乏糖基化)的ED50比值(0.72)相对于huKS-IL2的增加了3倍,而用N-聚糖酶处理的huKS-IL2的ED50比为0.45,相对于huKS-IL2增加了两倍。同样的,用N-聚糖酶处理的融合不同抗体分子的IL-2导致类似结果;例如,用N-聚糖酶处理的14.18-IL2和未处理的14.18-IL2相比ED50比增加了3倍。这些结果表明该分子自身的抗体部分中的某些改变影响融合的IL-2分子的结合和活化性质。
融合蛋白的PEG化也改变其选择性谱。再次观察到向CTLL-2刺激活性的偏移。对于huKS-IL2,PEG化的变体对CTLL-2细胞的选择性增加了9倍(ED50比为1.99),对于14.18-IL2,PEG化导致选择性增加了20倍(ED50比为1.34)。
在某些情况下,对给定蛋白的选择性的偏移可能也反映了分析中所用细胞类型的特定组合,如表2所示的代表性结果。例如,当用具有人IL-2Rαβγ的细胞系Kit225代替鼠CTLL-2比较KS-IL2、KS-ala-IL2和IL-2时,选择性偏移模式没有保持。尤其对于Kit225细胞,这三种蛋白显示出基本相同的活性。然而,在TF-1β细胞和Kit-225细胞间Ig-IL2变体的选择性应答的倾向被发现大多数和用TF-1β细胞和CTLL-2细胞建立的(包括Ig-IL2融合蛋白的Fc部分去糖基化的影响)类似(见下表2的代表性结果和实施例10)。
表2
蛋白 ED50比
TF-1β/Kit-225
IL-2 2.8
HuKS-IL2 4
HuKS-ala-IL2 10.4
KS-ala-IL2(N88R) 52,000
此外,发现Kit-225细胞比CTLL-2细胞对IL-2和IL-2融合蛋白及其变体更敏感。例如,在Kit-225细胞中HuKS-ala-IL2的ED50值是0.08而在CTLL-2细胞中是5.0,对于KS-ala-IL2(N88R)在Kit225细胞中是0.13而在CTLL-2细胞中是3,这表明在这些分析中Kit255细胞的灵敏性增加了约10-50倍。从而对给定蛋白,ED50比值依赖于所用细胞类型的特定组合。
实施例5具有修饰的受体结合特征的IL-2融合蛋白的药物动力学
将huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的药物动力学(PK)曲线与huKS-ala-IL2和huKS-IL2的曲线进行了比较。对于每种蛋白,使用了三只6-8周龄的小鼠。将25μg在PBS中稀释到125μg/ml的融合蛋白注射到小鼠的尾部静脉,在注射后立即(0小时)、0.5、1、2、4、8和24小时通过眼眶后丛采血得到50μl血样。在包被有肝素的试管中收集血样以防止血液凝结,用ELISA测定法测量细胞后血浆上清液中免疫细胞因子水平。以前已经描述了用于药物动力学研究的ELISA测定法的步骤(WO01/58957)。该测定法测量完整免疫细胞因子的存在。在包被EpCAM的板上进行血浆中的免疫细胞因子的捕捉,用抗IL-2的HRP-偶联抗体进行检测。以前的研究表明在连接处具有K到A置换的huKS-IL2变体——huKS-ala-IL2和huKS-IL2相比循环半衰期急剧提高(WO01/58957)。实际上,发现huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的循环半衰期类似地提高了,这说明该分子的IL-2部分中的N88R改变对药物动力学没有实质影响。代表性实验的结果如图2所示。图2说明了24小时内血清中存在的免疫细胞因子随时间的浓度(用血清中的剩余蛋白浓度相对于静脉内给药后即刻的起始浓度的百分比表示)。在ELISA分析中测定蛋白浓度,其中通过免疫细胞因子的抗体部分捕捉该免疫细胞因子,通过其细胞因子部分检测该免疫细胞因子。X轴=时间(小时);Y轴=log(剩余蛋白浓度百分数)。
实施例6哺乳动物中具有修饰的受体结合特征的Ig-IL2融合蛋白的毒性
检测了小鼠中KS-IL2变体huKS-IL2、huKS-ala-IL2和huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的相对毒性。如实施例5所示,与huKS-IL2相比,huKS-ala-IL2和huKS-al-IL2(N88R)具有实质上增加的PK。不过,为了比较的目的,虽然PK不同仍对不同分子使用了相同的给药时间表。尽管更长的血清半衰期可能增加治疗剂的功效,但是也可能导致毒性增加。然而,本实施例表明虽然与huKS-IL2相比huKS-ala-IL2毒性增加(因为更长的循环半衰期),huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)与huKS-IL2相比虽然循环半衰期更长,但是毒性降低。
连续5天每天对Balb/C小鼠(每个实验条件3只动物)静脉注射三种蛋白中的一种。将融合蛋白稀释到200μl PBS中并按下面的剂量施用:huKS-IL2和huKS-ala-IL2为每只小鼠25、50或75μg,huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)为每只小鼠50、75或100μg。对照组静脉注射PBS。每天监测小鼠的存活并且检查对小鼠存活的影响。施用所有剂量的huKS-IL2的小鼠都幸存下来。然而huKS-ala-IL2毒性较强。虽然小鼠耐受25μg huKS-ala-IL2剂量,但是剂量为50μg时所有3只小鼠在第6天都死亡了,在剂量为75μg时在第4.5天两只小鼠死亡,第三只小鼠在第5天死亡。另一方面,小鼠良好耐受所有剂量(包括100μg)的huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)。实际上,还以每只小鼠200μg的剂量施用了huKS-ala-IL2(N88R),并且小鼠幸存下来了。从而,huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的毒性显著比huKS-ala-IL2的低。
将在用huKS-ala-IL2治疗过程中死亡的小鼠解剖并评价了它们的器官。所有器官(包括肺、脾、肝、胃和肾)都总体上肿大,表明广泛的血管渗漏。也评价了用变体huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)处理的动物的器官。如上所述处理小鼠,发现用huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)处理的动物的器官重量基本上和对照动物的类似,尤其是肺和肝。不希望受理论束缚,认为脾的重量的增加更多是由于抗该人蛋白的抗体免疫应答导致的蜂窝状结构(Cellularity)增加而不是血管渗漏引起的。推论huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)导致的血管渗漏没有huKS-ala-IL2的严重。表3提供了相对于对照小鼠器官,器官重量增加倍数(x)的大约值的实例。
表3
评价了各种小鼠品系背景(在它们的免疫系统组成上具有已知的改变)在这些Ig-IL2融合蛋白的毒性方面的影响。使用了小鼠品系DBA/2、Balb/C、B6.CB17-Prkdcscid/SzJ(SCID)、浅棕色鼠和SCID/浅棕色鼠。对于huKS-ala-IL2,以每只小鼠25μg和50μg的剂量如上施用融合蛋白,对于huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)剂量为每只小鼠200μg,为期两周评估小鼠存活和重量。
对于huKS-ala-IL2,大多数小鼠品系得到的结果与以上用Balb/C小鼠所报道的结果类似:50μg的剂量导致动物在第5天死亡,而在较低剂量动物幸存下来并且它们的重量恢复到约它们原来的体重,但是没有达到模拟处理的对照动物的体重增加。有趣的是,缺乏功能性NK细胞的浅棕色鼠更能耐受50μg的高剂量;两只动物到第9天死亡,但是一只尽管最初体重显著降低(到第7天约25%),但是却恢复了,到第15天达到模拟处理的动物和低剂量处理的动物的体重。DBA/2小鼠对huKS-ala-IL2更敏感;甚至在较低剂量时,DBA/2小鼠在第5天和第9天死亡了。
对于huKS-ala-IL2(N88R),DBA/2小鼠对于Ig-IL2融合蛋白的易感性增加也是明显的:到第8天,所有动物都死亡了,即使剂量减半(100μg)动物也在第9天死亡。该融合蛋白在浅棕色鼠中耐受性也是最好的,而SCID/浅棕色鼠体重显著降低(到第10天保持稳定,为模拟处理的对照小鼠体重的约80%)。
实施例7具有修饰的受体结合特征的Ig-IL2融合蛋白在哺乳动物各种肿瘤的治疗中的功效
a)Balb/C小鼠中CT26/KSA皮下肿瘤的治疗。通过用编码人KS抗原(KSA)的基因转导的CT26结肠癌细胞诱导皮下肿瘤。将2×10E6活细胞悬浮于100μl PBS中并皮下注射到6周龄Balb/C小鼠的背部。当肿瘤大小达到100-200mm3时,将8只为一组的小鼠进行下面三种处理之一:连续5天皮下注射稀释到200μl PBS中的15μg huKS-ala-IL2或huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)或者只施用PBS。每周两次共50天测量肿瘤体积评价疾病的发展。在对照小鼠中,肿瘤体积稳定增加,处死时(约第32天)达到约3500到6000mm3。而两个实验组的肿瘤体积到50天时基本保持恒定,这说明huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)在防止肿瘤生长方面和huKS-ala-IL2一样有效。
b)C57BL/6小鼠中LLC/KSA皮下肿瘤的治疗。在另一肿瘤模型中,通过用编码KS抗原的基因转导的Lewis肺癌细胞诱导皮下肿瘤。将1×10E6表达EpCAM的LLC活细胞悬浮于100μl PBS中并皮下注射到6-8周龄C57BL/6小鼠的背部。当肿瘤大小达到100-150mm3时,如上处理和评价8只一组的小鼠,只是每次注射施用的剂量增加到20μg。在对照动物中,肿瘤体积增加迅速,在20天内超过6500mm3;两个实验条件下的肿瘤生长受到相同程度的阻碍,在相同时间内达到4000mm3,这再次说明在相同剂量下huKS-ala-IL2和huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)的治疗功效没有差别。
c)B6.CB17-Prkdcscid/SzJ小鼠中LLC/KSA皮下肿瘤的治疗。本发明融合蛋白也可以对成熟T细胞之外的细胞有效。例如,在一个实验中,本发明融合蛋白在甚至没有成熟T细胞的小鼠中也导致肿瘤生长的阻碍。这些结果提示本发明融合蛋白可以用于例如无免疫应答病人的肿瘤的治疗。
在11周龄B6.CB17-Prkdcscid/SzJ小鼠(它们无T细胞和B细胞介导的免疫应答)中评价了LLC/KSA皮下肿瘤模型。按照上面描述的相同的治疗方案。对照动物中肿瘤生长快速,在15天中达到3500mm3。huKS-ala-IL2和huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)阻碍肿瘤生长的有效性类似,在相同期间内体积为对照动物中肿瘤体积的一半以下。而且,C57BL/6小鼠(具有完整免疫系统)和B6.CB17-Prkdcscid/SzJ小鼠(无T细胞和B细胞)的肿瘤生长速率的差别极小。
此外,KS-ala-IL2对具有完整免疫系统的小鼠中和缺乏功能性T细胞的小鼠中的肿瘤具有同样好的治疗效果这一事实表明在该肿瘤模型中,免疫应答通过非T细胞介导的机制起作用。所以,有价值的是在治疗分子中保持通过各种效应细胞刺激免疫应答的选择。对于huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)(其在每种小鼠背景中和KS-ala-IL2一样有效),独立于T细胞起作用的效应细胞活性明显被保存了。
d)对C57BL/6小鼠肺的LLC/KSA转移的治疗。LLC/KSA也被用于肺转移模型。将1×10E6个成活细胞悬浮于200μl PBS中并静脉注射到6-8周龄C57BL/6小鼠中。在第4天,将8个一组的小鼠置于下面的治疗条件中的一种之下:连续5天,小鼠静脉注射200μl PBS或20μg稀释到200μl PBS中的KS-ala-IL2或KS-ala-IL2(N88R)。在约第27天处死动物,解剖肺并在Bouin溶液中固定。通过对被转移瘤覆盖的表面区域的百分数和肺的重量评估肺中转移的程度。
对照组的肺有超过96%的表面区域被转移瘤覆盖,并且肺重量(0.75g)比正常肺增加了约5倍。而用huKS-ala-IL2治疗的小鼠的肺极少被转移瘤覆盖(5.6%),用huKS-ala-Il2(N88R)处理的小鼠的肺实质上无转移(0%)。用KS-ala-IL2和KS-ala-IL2(N88R)治疗的动物的肺重量正常。从而,证明在比影响动物存活的阈值低许多倍的剂量下,huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)和KS-ala-IL2在治疗肺转移中一样有效。
实施例8组合疗法中的KS-IL2变体
研究了将低毒KS-IL2变体(如huKS-ala-IL2(N88R))和另一种免疫调节剂联合施用治疗肿瘤的效果,其中使用如实施例7b中描述的小鼠皮下肿瘤模型LLC/KSA进行。
a)huKS-ala-IL2变体和环磷酰胺。对于组合治疗,在第0天(此时肿瘤平均90mm3)以75mg/kg剂量腹膜内施用环磷酰胺,然后每天施用融合蛋白共5天(从第1天到第5天)。以20μg或100μg剂量施用KS-ala-IL2(N88R)。对照条件包括模拟处理的动物和单独用huKS-ala-IL2以20μg剂量处理的动物或单独用huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)以20μg或100μg剂量处理的动物。模拟处理的动物的肿瘤到第19天长到约5000mm3,而用huKS-ala-IL2处理的小鼠的肿瘤约2200mm3,用20μg或100μghuKS-ala-IL2(N88R)处理的小鼠的肿瘤分别为约2600mm3和1700mm3。20μg剂量huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)与环磷酰胺共同施用导致肿瘤为1700mm3并且在高效量时为1250mm3,比用huKS-ala-IL2单独处理的要显著小。
b)huKS-ala-IL2变体和吲哚美辛。对于联合治疗,以35μg/小鼠/天的剂量口服施用吲哚美辛同时每天施用融合蛋白共5天(从第1天到第5天)。肿瘤最初平均90mm3。以20μg剂量施用huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)。对照条件包括模拟处理的动物和单独用20μg剂量huKS-ala-IL2或单独用20μg剂量huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)治疗的动物。模拟处理的动物中肿瘤到第19天时长到约5000mm3,而用huKS-ala-IL2治疗的小鼠肿瘤约2200mm3,用20μg huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)治疗的小鼠分别为约2600mm3和1700mm3。吲哚美辛与20μg剂量huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)共同施用导致肿瘤大小降低到850mm3,比单独用huKS-ala-IL2治疗得到的肿瘤显著地小。
实施例9治疗指数提高的KS-IL2变体
构建了在IL-2序列的特定位置具有突变的KS-IL2变体。例如,在可能与IL-2受体的α亚基接触的位置产生置换。合适的残基为例如huIL-2成熟序列中的F42。该氨基酸的芳香环结构被认为稳定IL-2中的局部构象(Mott等,JMB 1995,247:979),并且发现在免疫细胞因子该位置用例如Y、A或K进行置换导致分子的IL-2受体亲和性和生物活性进行性降低。在动物中检验这些分子,发现和未改变形式的免疫细胞因子相比这些变体在肿瘤治疗中的治疗指数增加了。其他有效的置换是在位置R38和K43。
该免疫细胞因子的IL-2部分中的其他置换在可能与β亚基接触的区域内,例如,在成熟huIL-2的E15或L19位置发生。当免疫细胞因子的这些残基突变成例如A或R时发现和未改变形式的免疫细胞因子相比,变体免疫细胞因子对IL-2受体的β亚基的亲和性降低。通常发现置换成R比置换成A的影响更严重,这可能和R的侧链大有关。在动物中检验这些分子,发现和未改变形式的免疫细胞因子相比,这些变体在肿瘤治疗中的治疗指数增加。其他置换在D84和V91位导入并且它们被证实对治疗指数的增加也有效。
在成熟huIL-2的N119位导入免疫细胞因子的IL-2部分中的置换,可能影响该分子与IL-2受体的γ亚基接触的区域。突变到A产生更微妙的免疫细胞因子变体,突变到R产生更具破坏性的突变。在具有肿瘤的动物中检验这些变体的效果,发现与未改变形式的免疫细胞因子相比这些变体免疫细胞因子具有提高的治疗指数。
还发现可通过在IL-2免疫细胞因子中产生多个突变增加治疗指数,尤其是对于其中免疫细胞因子中的单突变已显示只微小或可忽略地增加治疗指数的分子。例如,发现含有F42A与L19A组合或L19A与N119A组合的免疫细胞因子比每种单独的免疫细胞因子更有效。对于涉及多个突变的应用,尤其有用的是使用降低氨基酸侧链大小的突变。另一个导入免疫细胞因子的IL-2部分的置换在成熟huIL-2的T51处。尽管向A的突变没有显示治疗指数的提高,而向P的突变产生了当和未改变形式的免疫细胞因子相比在肿瘤治疗中治疗指数提高的免疫细胞因子。
实施例10Ig-IL2融合蛋白变体huKS-ala-IL2(D20T)及其变体
产生了基于Ig-IL2的变体(D20T),Ig-IL2(D20T)在成熟huIL-2的20位含有天冬氨酸向苏氨酸的置换。这些变体在Ig结构域,如在Fc部分或抗体靶定结构域含有额外的置换。为了产生编码这些分子的DNA构建体,基本按照实施例1中描述的步骤进行,其中利用构建体-特异性引物通过PCR导入突变并利用合适的克隆策略,本领域技术人员熟悉这些方法和策略。
a)huKS-ala-IL2(D20T)。为了导入突变D20T,使用了PCR诱变方法,引物为
5’-CAGCTGCAACTGGAGCATCTCCTGCTGACCCTCCAGATGATTCTGAAT-3’(粗体核苷酸为置换的密码子)(SEQ ID NO:28)和引物T3(5’-ATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGGA-3’)(SEQ ID NO:29),从pBS质粒的野生型huIL-2DNA扩增DNA片段并插入TA载体(Invitrogen)中以产生TA-IL2(D20T)。测序校验突变发生。为了置换huKS-ala-IL2中的最初IL-2序列,在三重连接反应中将来自TA-IL2(D20T)的385bp PvuII/XhoI片段克隆到亲本免疫细胞因子质粒中。基本如实施例3中所描述的表达和纯化融合蛋白。分别在SEQ ID NO:30和SEQ ID NO:31中显示了相应于hu-KS重链和轻链可变区的氨基酸序列。
产生了huKS-ala-IL2(D20T)的其他变体,将相同的PCR-衍生的片段整合到不同质粒主链中。
b)dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)。以前已描述了具有除去潜在T细胞表位的改变的KS-ala-IL2。基本如实施例3中所描述的表达和纯化融合蛋白。相应于与IL2(D20T)融合的dI-KS抗体重链的氨基酸序列显示在SEQ IDNO:32中。SEQ ID NO:33和34相应于dI-KS抗体的重链和轻链可变区。
c)去糖基化dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)。基本如实施例2中所描述的在蛋白dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)上用N-聚糖酶进行了酶学去糖基化。
d)dI-KS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)。该IL2(D20T)融合蛋白的Ig部分衍生自IgGγ4亚类的恒定区(SEQ ID NO:7),其还保留IgGγ1铰链(SEQ ID NO:10)的特性。而且,导入了去除潜在T细胞表位的突变。此外,该融合蛋白含有天冬氨酸到谷氨酰胺的置换,该置换除去了Fc中N-糖基化位点(见实施例4)。伴随的苯丙氨酸到丙氨酸的置换除去了潜在的T表位。基本如实施例3中所描述的表达和纯化融合蛋白。
e)dI-NHS76(γ2h)-ala-IL2(D20T)。该IL2(D20T)融合蛋白的Ig部分衍生自IgGγ2亚类的恒定区,其还保留IgGγ1铰链的特性。在NHS76中,Ig可变区抗DNA-组蛋白复合物中所含有的表位并且特异识别肿瘤的坏死中心(Williams等,PCT WO 00/01822)。还导入了去除轻链可变区中的潜在T细胞表位的突变。该残基,即亮氨酸104,位于CDR3V-J连接处,其被缬氨酸置换。基本如实施例3所描述的表达并纯化了该融合蛋白。
f)dI-NHS76(γ2h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)。该蛋白基于实施例10e的蛋白,其还含有如实施例10d所述的去除Fc中的N-连接的糖基化和潜在T细胞表位的突变。基本如实施例3所描述的表达并纯化了该融合蛋白。在一个实施方案中,本发明融合蛋白包括融合到IL2(D20T)变体的NHS75(γ2h)(FN>AQ)分子的重链序列,如SEQ ID NO:35所述,和相应于SEQ ID NO:36的轻链可变和恒定区序列。然而,可以将SEQ ID NO:35的重链区与任何IgG轻链可变区或恒定区组合使用。
g)dI-NHS76(γ4h)-ala-IL2(D20T)。该蛋白和实施例10e中描述的蛋白类似,但是该蛋白含有来自γ4而不是γ2IgG亚类的重链。如实施例3所述表达和纯化了该融合蛋白。
h)dI-NHS76(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)。该蛋白基于实施例10g的蛋白,还含有如实施例10d所述的去除Fc中的N-连接的糖基化和潜在T细胞表位的突变。基本如实施例3所描述的表达并纯化了该融合蛋白。在一个实施方案中,本发明融合蛋白包括融合到IL-2(D20T)变体的dI-NHS76(γ4h)(FN>AQ)分子的重链序列,如SEQ ID NO:37所述,和相应于SEQ ID NO:36的轻链可变区和恒定区序列。然而,可以将SEQ IDNO:37的重链区与任何IgG轻链可变区或恒定区组合使用。
本发明融合蛋白的Ig部分可以包括衍生自任何IgG亚类的重链恒定区结构域,包括含有来自不同物种的IgG分子结构域的组合。所以,本发明融合蛋白可以包括衍生自任何IgG亚类的铰链区,例如,衍生自IgGγ1的铰链区(SEQ ID NO:10)、衍生自γ2的铰链区(SEQ ID 11)或衍生自γ4的铰链区(SEQ ID NO:12)。
生物分析中Ig-IL2(D20T)的活性:在生物分析中检验Ig-IL2(D20T)融合蛋白测量依赖IL2生长的细胞增殖的能力,其表达为ED50值(见实施例4)。在鼠CTLL-2细胞或人Kit-255细胞(其表达IL-2Rαβγ)和人TF-1β细胞或分离的鼠NK细胞(表达IL-2Rβγ)中进行分析。
例如,在代表性实验中发现,与huKS-ala-IL2相比,dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)在具有IL-2Rαβγ的细胞CTLL-2中的ED50值没有改变,而在具有IL-2Rβγ的细胞TF-1β中,ED50值高大约900倍。所以ED50比(如实施例4中定义)为约150,说明与huKS-ala-IL2相比,选择性向具有IL-2Rαβγ的CTLL-2细胞偏移了约750倍。和在这对细胞系中用huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)所看到的约20,000倍的选择性偏移(相对于KS-ala-IL2)相比,该选择性对di-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)降低了约10到20倍,这反映了从表达IL-2Rβγ的细胞得到可测量的增殖性应答。当使用人Kit225细胞时该趋势也是明显的。如用其他含有KS抗体的融合蛋白所发现的,抗体部分的去糖基化对降低融合蛋白在表达IL-2Rβγ的细胞中的活性具有小但一致的影响。
在含有不同抗体部分的Ig-IL(D20T)变体中也测量了依赖IL-2的细胞增殖。发现与dI-NHS76(γ2)-ala-IL2相比,dI-NHS76(γ2)-ala-IL2(D20T)在带有IL-2Rαβγ的细胞Kit-255中的ED50值增加了3倍,而在带有IL-2Rβγ的细胞TF-1β中ED50增加了约230倍。所得ED50比值350与使用dI-KS(γ4)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)时所看到的ED50比值位于相同的范围内并且比huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)在选择性上低至少10倍。代表性结果如表4所示。
表4
蛋白 ED50比 ED50比
TF-1β/CTLL-2 TF-1β/Kit-225
dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T) 150 3000
dI-KS(γ4)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T) 5600*
dI-NHS76(γ2)-ala-IL2(D20T) 350
*=不同批的平均值
Ig-IL2(D20T)变体的药物动力学:为了评价Ig-IL2变体与细胞表面Fc受体的相互作用,用U937细胞在基于细胞的ELISA中分析了Ig-IL2融合蛋白与FcγR受体的结合。将融合蛋白(huKS-ala-IL2、dI-huKS-ala-IL2、dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)和dI-KS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T))2倍稀释,从100μg/ml到780ng/ml,与细胞孵育并用FITC偶联的抗人IgG Fc AbF(ab’)2(Jackson ImmunoResearch,West Grove,PA)检测结合。huKS-ala-IL2和dI-KS-ala-IL2对这些细胞的半最大结合浓度为约5μg/ml,有趣的是,用dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)蛋白该浓度增加2倍。尽管防止Ig部分(dI-KS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T))糖基化的突变的导入降低了该蛋白对U937细胞的结合5-10倍,但是结合并没有被完全消除。
研究了小鼠中Ig-IL2(D20T)变体的药物动力学性质,基本如实施例5所述。令人惊奇的是,当与dI-KS-ala-IL2比较时,dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)的半衰期急剧降低了。对PK曲线的分析表明在α期该效果尤其剧烈:虽然1小时后仍然可以得到50%的dI-KS-ala-IL2,只有大约5%的dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)仍然存在。这些蛋白的PK曲线的β期的斜率类似。用融合蛋白dI-NHS76(γ2h)-ala-IL2(D20T)(其含有通常显示出最小的FcR结合亲和性的γ2亚类的IgG)得到了与用dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)时所看到的基本相同的PK曲线。从而,IL(D20T)蛋白部分对融合蛋白的影响不局限于抗体dI-KS。
发现Ig融合蛋白的去糖基化通常具有增强PK曲线的α期的效果。所以研究了dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)的酶促去糖基化对PK曲线的影响。事实上,PK曲线的α期基本恢复到用dI-KS-ala-IL2时所观察到的情况。当通过诱变除去糖基化时在融合蛋白dI-KS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)中得到相同效果。从而,对PK曲线的影响可能是由FcR结合的降低所致。
Ig-IL2(D20T)变体的毒性:在Balb/C小鼠中比较了Ig-IL2(D20T)变体KS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)与di-KS-ala-IL2的毒性,如实施例6所述。
两种融合蛋白在小鼠中有类似的血清半衰期。施用dI-(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)5个日剂量,每个日剂量为100μg/小鼠、200μg/小鼠或400μg/小鼠,而施用dI-KS-ala-IL2 5个日剂量,每个日剂量为40μg/小鼠。发现即使dI-kS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)的剂量为400μg/小鼠,小鼠也幸存下来,而接受1/10剂量的dI-KS-ala-IL2的对照小鼠到第6天时就死亡了。用dI-kS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)治疗的小鼠的体重受到轻微影响,在第7天时暂时降到最初体重的97%。耐受剂量大于10倍的差异可以说明治疗指数的实质提高。
Ig-IL2(D20T)变体对治疗肿瘤的功效:如实施例7a所述,在具有从CT26/KSA细胞衍生的皮下肿瘤的Balb/C小鼠中评价Ig-IL2(D20T)变体的功效。
以15μg/小鼠和30μg/小鼠的剂量施用融合蛋白dI-KS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)。肿瘤开始时平均大小为126mm3,到第28天大小达到1800mm3到5000mm3。用15μg/小鼠dI-KS-ala-IL2治疗的小鼠中肿瘤长到平均大小355mm3,而用15μg/小鼠dI-KS-ala-IL2(D20T)治疗的小鼠中肿瘤长到平均大小2250mm3。这最可能是由于该分子的较差的PK的原因。用较低剂量15μg/小鼠dI-KS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)治疗的小鼠中肿瘤长到一定程度,平均大小为1450mm3;然而,在30μg/小鼠的剂量时肿瘤平均大小达到950mm3,重要的是,在过半的小鼠中肿瘤没有看得到的生长。从而,剂量增加时dI-KS(γ4h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)对抑制肿瘤的生长有显著的作用。实际上,实验中所用剂量比该分子的最大耐受剂量低至少12倍,所以该分子可能比huKS-ala-IL2具有提高的治疗指数,相比较,huKS-ala-IL2以最大耐受剂量的1/3至1/2施用。
实施例11野生型和突变型IL-2融合蛋白对不同IL-2受体的相对亲和性
可以通过测定法如放射免疫测定法测量本发明各种融合蛋白对IL-2Rβγ受体相对于IL-2Rαβγ受体的差异亲和性。将相等数量的表达IL-2Rαβγ受体的细胞和表达IL-2Rβγ受体的细胞接种于塑料板上。用等量野生型或突变IL-2融合蛋白进行系列稀释,加到等数量表达IL-2Rαβγ的细胞或表达IL-2Rβγ的细胞中以得到标准曲线。洗掉未结合的融合蛋白并通过放射标记的配体检测结合到每种细胞类型的融合蛋白的量。对于Fc-IL-2融合蛋白,配体可以是诸如结合IgG的Fc部分的葡萄球菌A蛋白分子。配体还可以是识别特定亚类的IgG分子的一部分的另一抗体,例如Igγ1、Igγ2或Igγ4恒定区的抗体。洗掉未结合的配体,在γ计数器上测量含有与野生型IL-2融合蛋白结合的IL-2Rαβγ表达细胞、与突变IL-2融合蛋白结合的IL-2Rαβγ表达细胞、与野生型IL-2融合蛋白结合的IL-2Rβγ表达细胞或与突变融合蛋白结合的IL-2Rβγ表达细胞的平板的放射性。将从结合测定中得到的数据标准化以计算细胞数和在细胞上表达的受体数。
在另一个测定法中,可以用本领域中熟知的各种技术放射性地或非放射性地标记融合蛋白自身。类似于上述用于标记的配体的测定法,将野生型或突变型标记的融合蛋白加到等数量接种的细胞中并测量标记的融合蛋白的量。
通过结合的配体或结合的融合蛋白的浓度(如上述)与未结合的配体或未结合的融合蛋白的浓度和加到每个反应中的融合蛋白的总浓度的乘积的比来测量融合蛋白对特定受体的结合亲和性。当与野生型IL-2融合蛋白相比较时,IL-2部分中的某些突变改变了融合蛋白对IL-2Rβγ受体和IL-2Rαβγ受体的相对亲和性。
等价方案
本发明可以以其他特定形式实施而不脱离本发明的精神或基本特征。所以应该在所有方面都认为前面的实施方案是举例说明性的而不限制此处所描述的发明。从而本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是前面的说明书说明,并且落入权利要求的等价意义和范围内的所有修改都旨在包括在其中。
本文引用的所有专利、专利申请和科学出版物的全文并入作为参考。
序列表
<110>默克专利有限公司
<120>具有调节的选择性的细胞免疫因子
<130>LEX-020PC
<150>60/337,113
<151>2001-12-04
<150>60/371,966
<151>2002-04-12
<160>37
<170>PatentIn version 3.1
<210>1
<211>7
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>IgGγ1序列
<400>1
Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg
1 5
<210>2
<211>5
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>Igγ2或4序列
<400>2
Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr
1 5
<210>3
<211>133
<212>PRT
<213>人(Homo sapiens)
<400>3
Ala Pro Thr Ser Ser Ser Thr Lys Lys Thr Gln Leu Gln Leu Glu His
1 5 10 15
Leu Leu Leu Asp Leu Gln Met Ile Leu Asn Gly Ile Asn Asn Tyr Lys
20 25 30
Asn Pro Lys Leu Thr Arg Met Leu Thr Phe Lys Phe Tyr Met Pro Lys
35 40 45
Lys Ala Thr Glu Leu Lys His Leu Gln Cys Leu Glu Glu Glu Leu Lys
50 55 60
Pro Leu Glu Glu Val Leu Asn Leu Ala Gln Ser Lys Asn Phe His Leu
65 70 75 80
Arg Pro Arg Asp Leu Ile Ser Asn Ile Asn Val Ile Val Leu Glu Leu
85 90 95
Lys Gly Ser Glu Thr Thr Phe Met Cys Glu Tyr Ala Asp Glu Thr Ala
100 105 110
Thr Ile Val Glu Phe Leu Asn Arg Trp Ile Thr Phe Cys Gln Ser Ile
115 120 125
Ile Ser Thr Leu Thr
130
<210>4
<211>12
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人γ-1重链基因中产生的Xma I位点
<400>4
tccccgggta aa 12
<210>5
<211>7
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>野生型huKS-ala-lL2接点
<400>5
Ser Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Thr
1 5
<210>6
<211>7
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>突变huKS-ala-IL2接点
<400>6
Ser Gly Pro Ala Ala Pro Thr
1 5
<210>7
<211>327
<212>PRT
<213>人
<220>
<221>misc
<222>(1)..(327)
<223>人γ4恒定区
<400>7
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Lys Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Arg Val Glu Ser Lys Tyr Gly Pro Pro Cys Pro Ser Cys Pro Ala Pro
100 105 110
Glu Phe Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
115 120 125
Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val
130 135 140
Asp Val Ser Gln Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp
145 150 155 160
Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe
165 170 175
Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
180 185 190
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu
195 200 205
Pro Ser Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg
210 215 220
Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Glu Glu Met Thr Lys
225 230 235 240
Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp
245 250 255
Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys
260 265 270
Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser
275 280 285
Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Glu Gly Asn Val Phe Ser
290 295 300
Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
305 310 315 320
Leu Ser Leu Ser Leu Gly Lys
325
<210>8
<211>330
<212>PRT
<213>人
<220>
<221>misc
<222>(1)..(330)
<223>IgG1恒定区
<400>8
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
100 105 110
Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
115 120 125
Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
130 135 140
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp
145 150 155 160
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
165 170 175
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
180 185 190
His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
195 200 205
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
210 215 220
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu
225 230 235 240
Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
245 250 255
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn
260 265 270
Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
275 280 285
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn
290 295 300
Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
305 310 315 320
Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
325 330
<210>9
<211>326
<212>PRT
<213>人
<220>
<221>misc
<222>(1)..(326)
<223>人γ2恒定区
<400>9
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Asn Phe Gly Thr Gln Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Thr Val Glu Arg Lys Cys Cys Val Glu Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro
100 105 110
Pro Val Ala Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp
115 120 125
Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp
130 135 140
Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly
145 150 155 160
Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn
165 170 175
Ser Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Val His Gln Asp Trp
180 185 190
Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro
195 200 205
Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu
210 215 220
Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn
225 230 235 240
Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile
245 250 255
Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr
260 265 270
Thr Pro Pro Met Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys
275 280 285
Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys
290 295 300
Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu
305 310 315 320
Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
325
<210>10
<211>14
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人IgGγ1铰链区
<400>10
Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
1 5 10
<210>11
<211>12
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人IgGγ2铰链区
<400>11
Glu Arg Lys Cys Cys Val Glu Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro
1 5 10
<210>12
<211>12
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人IgGγ4铰链区
<400>12
Glu Ser Lys Tyr Gly Pro Pro Cys Pro Ser Cys Pro
1 5 10
<210>13
<211>9
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>IgGγ1和γ2恒定区的C末端
<400>13
Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
1 5
<210>14
<211>9
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>IgGγ4恒定区的C末端
<400>14
Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Leu Gly Lys
1 5
<210>15
<211>9
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>突变的IgGγ恒定区的C末端
<400>15
Lys Ser Ala Thr Ala Thr Pro Gly Ala
1 5
<210>16
<211>32
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>产生huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)融合蛋白的有义引物
<400>16
ccccgggtgc cgccccaact tcaagttcta ca 32
<210>17
<211>53
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>产生huKS-ala-IL2(N88R)融合蛋白的反义引物
<400>17
agccctttag ttccagaact attacgttga tcctgctgat taagtcccta ggt 53
<210>18
<211>40
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>第二有义引物
<400>18
agttctggaa ctaaagggct ccgaaacaac attcatgtgt 40
<210>19
<211>4
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>huKS M1 IL-2变体中的突变序列
<400>19
Thr Thr Ser Arg
1
<210>20
<211>12
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>抗体-IL-2接点序列
<400>20
Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Ala Ala Pro Thr
1 5 10
<210>21
<211>12
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>突变的抗体-IL-2接点序列
<400>21
Lys Ser Ala Thr Ala Thr Pro Gly Ala Ala Pro Thr
1 5 10
<210>22
<211>6
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>huKS Ml-IL2变体中的序列
<400>22
Asp Leu Ile Ser Asn Ile
1 5
<210>23
<211>6
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>huKS M1-IL2变体中的突变序列
<400>23
Asp Thr Thr Ser Arg Ile
1 5
<210>24
<211>43
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>产生N88R突变的有义引物
<400>24
acttaagacc tagggacacc accagcagga tcaacgtaat agt 43
<210>25
<211>18
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>用于N88R突变的反义引物
<400>25
atcatgtctg gatccctc 18
<210>26
<211>7
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>Fcγ1恒定区的CH2结构域中N到Q的突变
<400>26
Gln Tyr Gln Ser Thr Tyr Arg
1 5
<210>27
<211>5
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>γ2或4恒定区中Fc部分的FN到AQ突变
<400>27
Gln Ala Gln Ser Thr
1 5
<210>28
<211>48
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>用于D20T突变的有义引物
<400>28
cagctgcaac tggagcatct cctgctgacc ctccagatga ttctgaat 48
<210>29
<211>20
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>用于D20T突变的反义引物
<400>29
attaaccctc actaaaggga 20
<210>30
<211>116
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>hu-KS重链可变区
<400>30
Gln Ile Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Glu
1 5 10 15
Thr Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asn Tyr
20 25 30
Gly Met Asn Trp Val Lys Gln Thr Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Lys Trp Met
35 40 45
Gly Trp Ile Asn Thr Tyr Thr Gly Glu Pro Thr Tyr Ala Asp Asp Phe
50 55 60
Lys Gly Arg Phe Ala Phe Ser Leu Glu Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Phe
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Ile Asn Asn Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Thr Tyr Phe Cys
85 90 95
Val Arg Phe Ile Ser Lys Gly Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser Val
100 105 110
Thr Val Ser Ser
115
<210>31
<211>106
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>hu-KS轻链可变区
<400>31
Glu Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly
1 5 10 15
Glu Arg Val Thr Leu Thr Cys Ser Ala Ser Ser Ser Val Ser Tyr Met
20 25 30
Leu Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Ser Ser Pro Lys Pro Trp Ile Phe
35 40 45
Asp Thr Ser Asn Leu Ala Ser Gly Phe Pro Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
50 55 60
Gly Ser Gly Thr Ser Tyr Ser Leu Ile Ile Ser Ser Met Glu Ala Glu
65 70 75 80
Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys His Gln Arg Ser Gly Tyr Pro Tyr Thr
85 90 95
Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
100 105
<210>32
<211>579
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>融合到IL-2变体的dI-KS-ala IL2(D20T)重链
<400>32
Gln Ile Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser
1 5 10 15
Ser Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asn Tyr
20 25 30
Gly Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Lys Trp Met
35 40 45
Gly Trp Ile Asn Thr Tyr Thr Gly Glu Pro Thr Tyr Ala Asp Asp Phe
50 55 60
Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Thr Ala Glu Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Leu Asn Asn Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Thr Tyr Phe Cys
85 90 95
Val Arg Phe Ile Ser Lys Gly Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val
100 105 110
Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala
115 120 125
Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu
130 135 140
Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly
145 150 155 160
Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser
165 170 175
Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu
180 185 190
Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr
195 200 205
Lys Val Asp Lys Arg Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr
210 215 220
Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe
225 230 235 240
Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro
245 250 255
Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val
260 265 270
Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr
275 280 285
Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val
290 295 300
Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys
305 310 315 320
Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser
325 330 335
Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro
340 345 350
Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val
355 360 365
Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly
370 375 380
Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp
385 390 395 400
Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp
405 410 415
Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His
420 425 430
Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Ala Thr Ala Thr Pro Gly Ala Ala Pro
435 440 445
Thr Ser Ser Ser Thr Lys Lys Thr Gln Leu Gln Leu Glu His Leu Leu
450 455 460
Leu Thr Leu Gln Met Ile Leu Asn Gly Ile Asn Asn Tyr Lys Asn Pro
465 470 475 480
Lys Leu Thr Arg Met Leu Thr Phe Lys Phe Tyr Met Pro Lys Lys Ala
485 490 495
Thr Glu Leu Lys His Leu Gln Cys Leu Glu Glu Glu Leu Lys Pro Leu
500 505 510
Glu Glu Val Leu Asn Leu Ala Gln Ser Lys Asn Phe His Leu Arg Pro
515 520 525
Arg Asp Leu Ile Ser Asn Ile Asn Val Ile Val Leu Glu Leu Lys Gly
530 535 540
Ser Glu Thr Thr Phe Met Cys Glu Tyr Ala Asp Glu Thr Ala Thr Ile
545 550 555 560
Val Glu Phe Leu Asn Arg Trp Ile Thr Phe Cys Gln Ser Ile Ile Ser
565 570 575
Thr Leu Thr
<210>33
<211>116
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>dI-KS重链可变区
<400>33
Gln Ile Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser
1 5 10 15
Ser Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asn Tyr
20 25 30
Gly Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Lys Trp Met
35 40 45
Gly Trp Ile Asn Thr Tyr Thr Gly Glu Pro Thr Tyr Ala Asp Asp Phe
50 55 60
Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Thr Ala Glu Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Leu Asn Asn Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Thr Tyr Phe Cys
85 90 95
Val Arg Phe Ile Ser Lys Gly Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val
100 105 110
Thr Val Ser Ser
115
<210>34
<211>106
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>dI-KS轻链可变区
<400>34
Gln Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Pro Gly
1 5 10 15
Gln Arg Ala Thr Ile Thr Cys Ser Ala Ser Ser Ser Val Ser Tyr Ile
20 25 30
Leu Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro Lys Pro Trp Ile Phe
35 40 45
Asp Thr Ser Asn Leu Ala Ser Gly Phe Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
50 55 60
Gly Ser Gly Thr Ser Tyr Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn Ser Leu Glu Ala Glu
65 70 75 80
Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys His Gln Arg Ser Gly Tyr Pro Tyr Thr
85 90 95
Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys
100 105
<210>35
<211>580
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>融合到IL2变体的dI-NHS76(γ2h)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)重链
<400>35
Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Glu
1 5 10 15
Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Val Ser Gly Tyr Ser Ile Ser Ser Gly
20 25 30
Tyr Tyr Trp Gly Trp Ile Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp
35 40 45
Ile Gly Ser Ile Tyr His Ser Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu
50 55 60
Lys Ser Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Val Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn Gln Phe Ser
65 70 75 80
Leu Lys Leu Ser Ser Val Thr Ala Ala Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95
Ala Arg Gly Lys Trp Ser Lys Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu
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Val Thr Val Ser Ser Gly Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro
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Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly
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Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn
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Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln
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Asn Phe Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser
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His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Val Ala Gly Pro Ser Val
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Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr
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Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro
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355 360 365
Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn
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Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Met Leu Asp Ser
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Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg
405 410 415
Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu
420 425 430
His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Ala Thr Ala Thr Pro Gly Ala Ala
435 440 445
Pro Thr Ser Ser Ser Thr Lys Lys Thr Gln Leu Gln Leu Glu His Leu
450 455 460
Leu Leu Thr Leu Gln Met Ile Leu Asn Gly Ile Asn Asn Tyr Lys Asn
465 470 475 480
Pro Lys Leu Thr Arg Met Leu Thr Phe Lys Phe Tyr Met Pro Lys Lys
485 490 495
Ala Thr Glu Leu Lys His Leu Gln Cys Leu Glu Glu Glu Leu Lys Pro
500 505 510
Leu Glu Glu Val Leu Asn Leu Ala Gln Ser Lys Asn Phe His Leu Arg
515 520 525
Pro Arg Asp Leu Ile Ser Asn Ile Asn Val Ile Val Leu Glu Leu Lys
530 535 540
Gly Ser Glu Thr Thr Phe Met Cys Glu Tyr Ala Asp Glu Thr Ala Thr
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Ile Val Glu Phe Leu Asn Arg Trp Ile Thr Phe Cys Gln Ser Ile Ile
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Ser Thr Leu Thr
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<210>36
<211>229
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
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<223>dI-NHS76(γ4th)(FN>AQ)-ala-IL2(D20T)可变轻链区
<400>36
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1 5 10 15
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35 40 45
Gly Lys Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
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Ser Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Gln Ala Glu
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Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Asn Ser Arg Asp Ser Ser Gly Asn His
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Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu Glu Leu Gln Ala
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Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe Tyr Pro Gly Ala
145 150 155 160
Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly Val
165 170 175
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Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His Lys Ser Tyr
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Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val Ala
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Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser
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<210>37
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<212>PRT
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Ile Gly Ser Ile Tyr His Ser Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu
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Ala Arg Gly Lys Trp Ser Lys Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu
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Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu
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Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser
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Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser
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Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Arg Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His
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Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Phe Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val
225 230 235 240
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr
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Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser Gln Glu Asp Pro Glu
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Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Ala Gln Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser
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Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro Ser Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile
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Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn
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450 455 460
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500 505 510
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Ile Val Glu Phe Leu Asn Arg Trp Ile Thr Phe Cys Gln Ser Ile Ile
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Ser Thr Leu Thr
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Claims (25)
1.含有融合到突变IL-2部分的非IL-2部分的融合蛋白,其中所述突变IL-2部分含有20位D变为T的氨基酸置换,并且其中的融合蛋白比参考蛋白对表达高亲和性受体的细胞显示出更高选择性,其中所述参考蛋白含有融合到非突变IL-2部分的非IL-2部分,并且其中所述选择性测量为表达IL-2Rαβγ受体的细胞的活化与表达IL-2Rβγ受体的细胞的活化的比值。
2.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中所述选择性为含有融合到突变人IL-2部分上的非IL-2部分的参考融合蛋白的选择性的0.1%到30%,其中突变IL-2部分在成熟人IL-2蛋白的88位具有N到R的氨基酸置换。
3.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中所述选择性为含有融合到突变人IL-2部分上的非IL-2部分的参考融合蛋白的选择性的1%到20%,其中突变人IL-2部分在成熟人IL-2蛋白的88位具有N到R的氨基酸置换。
4.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中所述选择性为含有融合到突变人IL-2部分上的非IL-2部分的参考融合蛋白的选择性的2%到10%,其中突变人IL-2部分在成熟人IL-2蛋白的88位具有N到R的氨基酸置换。
5.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中表达IL-2Rαβγ受体的细胞选自CTLL-2、Kit225和成熟T细胞。
6.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中表达IL-2Rβγ受体的细胞选自TF-1β细胞和NK细胞。
7.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中所述非IL-2部分含有抗体域。
8.权利要求7的融合蛋白,其中抗体域选自:
(i)抗体KS-1/4、
(ii)抗体dI-KS、
(iii)含有IgGγ4域、具有IgGγ1铰链区且其中所述SEQ ID No.2的IgGγ4序列中的序列FN变成AQ的抗体dI-KS、
(iv)抗体huKS、
(v)其中SEQ ID No.1的IgGγ1序列中的N变成Q的抗体huKS、
(vi)含有IgGγ2域、具有IgGγ1铰链区的抗体NHS76、
(vii)含有IgGγ4域、具有IgGγ1铰链区的抗体NHS76、
(viii)含有IgGγ2域、具有IgGγ1铰链区且其中所述SEQ IDNo.2的IgGγ2序列中的序列FN变成AQ的抗体NHS76、
(ix)含有IgGγ4域、具有IgGγ1铰链区且其中所述SEQ ID No.2的IgGγ4序列中的序列FN变成AQ的抗体NHS76、和
(x)抗体14.18。
9.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中所述置换对融合蛋白的IL-2Rβγ受体亲和性相对于对该蛋白的IL-2Rαβγ受体亲和性具有差别效应。
11.权利要求10的融合蛋白,其中差别效应在5倍到10倍之间。
12.权利要求10的融合蛋白,其中差别效应在10倍到1000倍之间。
13.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中所述突变IL-2部分还含有在成熟人IL-2蛋白的88位N变为R的氨基酸置换。
14.权利要求13的融合蛋白,其中所述突变IL-2部分还含有在成熟IL-2蛋白的85位L变为T和86位I变为T的氨基酸置换。
15.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中所述突变IL-2部分还含有在选自K8、Q13、E15、H16、L19、Q22、M23、N26、H79、L80、R81、D84、N88、192和E 95的成熟人IL-2蛋白的氨基酸位置的突变。
16.权利要求1的融合蛋白,其中所述突变IL-2部分还含有在选自L25、N31、L40、M46、K48、K49、D109、E110、A112、T113、V115、E116、N119、R120、I122、T123、Q126、S127、S130和T131的成熟人IL-2蛋白的氨基酸位置的突变。
17.权利要求16的融合蛋白,其中氨基酸置换为Q126D。
18.权利要求15或16的融合蛋白,其中所述突变中的一个或多个对所述融合蛋白的IL-2Rβγ受体亲和性相对于对所述蛋白的IL-2Rαβγ受体亲和性具有差别效应。
20.权利要求7的融合蛋白,其中所述抗体域含有IgGγ1域、IgGγ2域或IgGγ4域。
21.权利要求7的融合蛋白,其中所述抗体域包含突变。
22.权利要求21的融合蛋白,其中所述突变将SEQ ID NO:1中的N改变为不同的氨基酸。
23.权利要求22的融合蛋白,其中所述N被变成Q。
24.权利要求23的融合蛋白,其中所述突变将SEQ ID NO:2中的FN变成AQ。
25.权利要求7的融合蛋白,其中所述融合蛋白是含有SEQID NO:35和SEQ ID NO:36的氨基酸序列的两个肽的二聚体。
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