CA1196603A - Apparatus for magnetically treating liquid flowing through a pipe and clamping means therefor - Google Patents
Apparatus for magnetically treating liquid flowing through a pipe and clamping means thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA1196603A CA1196603A CA000418837A CA418837A CA1196603A CA 1196603 A CA1196603 A CA 1196603A CA 000418837 A CA000418837 A CA 000418837A CA 418837 A CA418837 A CA 418837A CA 1196603 A CA1196603 A CA 1196603A
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- pipe
- casing
- accordance
- strip
- shoe
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Abstract
APPARATUS FOR MAGNETICALLY TREATING LIQUID
FLOWING THROUGH A PIPE AND CLAMPING MEANS THEREFOR
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A casing containing a strip of ferromagnetic material has a pair of ceramic magnets at each end thereof. Associated with one of each pair of magnets is a ferromagnetic shoe member that provides an angled pole face that bears against the outside of the pipe.
These components are contained within the casing by means of a potting compound.
FLOWING THROUGH A PIPE AND CLAMPING MEANS THEREFOR
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A casing containing a strip of ferromagnetic material has a pair of ceramic magnets at each end thereof. Associated with one of each pair of magnets is a ferromagnetic shoe member that provides an angled pole face that bears against the outside of the pipe.
These components are contained within the casing by means of a potting compound.
Description
FLOWING THROUGH A PIPE AND CLAMPING MEANS THEREFOR
This invention relates generally ~o apparatus for magnetically trea~ing a liquid as it flows through a pipe, and pertains more particularly to a self-contained permanent magnet unit with hardware means for clamping various combinations of such units to ~he outside of the plpe .
U. S. Patent No. 3,22~t~78 granted on January ll, 1966 to Dean L. Moody for "Method and Apparatus fo~
Treatment of Flowing Liquids to Con-trol Deposition of Solid Matter Therefrom" is believed representative of the state-of-the-art. Actually, the alluded-to patent presents an excellent description of how the treatment is efected where diamagnetic substances are contained in the liquid flowing through the pipeO The patent mentions scale and parafin. Scale can take various forms but typical of the substances creating scale problems are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, as well as various oils, waxes and greases in addition to paraffin.
As is recognized, inasmuch as the above-listed substances are diamagnetic, when subjected to a strong magnetic Eield, the ~ield induces polarization in the substances in such a way that the diamagnetic molecule is repelled by the magnetic field and by other polari~ed diamagnetic molecules. This is characteristic o~
diamagnetic substances and advantage is taken of this physical phenomenon to prevent the Eormation oE
`~
aY3 objectionable scale deposits on the inside of the pipe, for by inducing polarization as mentioned above, the diamagnetic substances are caused to move away from the inner surface of the pipe when under the influence of a sufficiently strong magnetic field equipped with magnetic means.
The difficulty in the past, however, has been with respect to providing a strong enough :Eield, particularly on larger diameter pipes, so that a substantial proportion of the fluid flowing through the pipe is subjected to a field of such intensity and for a long enough period of time that the desired repulsion will be effected.
Accordingly~ an important object of this invention is to provide a sufficiently strong magnetic field such that scale, paraffin and other salts are prevented from accumulating on the inside of the pipe or conduit throuqh which the particular liquid is flowing.
In this regard, it is an aim to provide individual units, each of which contains a plurality of permanent magnets and each of which units furnishes a high flux concentration.
Another object of the invention is to provide a unit comprised of permanent magnets that can be clamped to the outside of a pipe in whatever combinations prove most desirable for the particular size of pipe and the flow rate of the liquid passing therethrough. In other words, if the pipe is small, my invention enables only one or two magnetic units to be employedy yet when the 3n diameter is appreciable, a correspondingly greater numher of units can be applied.
Another object of my invention is to provide a type of unit and a clamping means thereEor that will permit the unit to be appl.ied without modifying the pipe or any plumbing associated therewith. More specifically, an aim of the invention is to allow the various units that are clamped in combination to be shifted when clrcumstances so require. In this latter regard, in industrial installations, a change or switch to a different liquid might very well warrant shifting the units to another location in the system. ThiS can easily be achieved when practicislg my invention. Also, the piping system itself might be altered at times, yet my invention is sufficiently flexihle to compensate for changesO
Not only is m~ invention suitable for industrial applications, but it also will find utility in smaller scale applications, namely commercial, but also residential. Hence, my invention is truly versatile as far as its particular use is concernedO
AlSo, the invention has for an object the provision of apparatus that will produce a concentrated magnetic field that will extend over a sufficient length of the pipe so that the liquid flowing through the pipe will be subjected to the influence of the magnetic field for a longer period of time in contradistinction to having the field restricted to flow only transversely across the pipe which can involve a relatively short length of pipe in which the field acts on the flowing liquid for a lesser amount of time.
Yet another object is to provide a permanent magnet unit that will not be damaged readily, such as by applying too much clamping pressure. ~ore specifically, an aim of the invention is to utiliæe external hardware that acts in a direction to develop compressive forces in holding the various units against the outsi~e of the pipe, doinq so in a manner that will not impose undue stresses that miqht result in damage or separation oF
the unit's parts.
Also, the invention has for an object the provision of a permanent magnet unit and hardware therefor that can be rather inexpensivel~ manuFactured, 6~33 thereby encouraging its widespread use for various applications.
Briefly, my invention envisages the use o an appropriate number of permanent magnet units of S identical construction. Each unit comprises a casing containing therein a strip of ferromagnetic material, such as soft iron, with a pair of ceramic magnets at each end thereof. Associated with one of each pair of magnets is a ferromagnetic shoe member, also o soft iron, that provides an angled pole face that bears against the outside of the pipe~ the shoe actually projecting somewhat ~rom the potting compound in which the strip and permanent magnets are embeddedO
The outside of the casing has an intermediate notch in one wall thereof and also has a peripherally directed trough or channel-shaped edge. The notch is formed so th~t a central portion or bight of a generally U-shaped metal clamping strap can nest in the notch.
The ends of the legs o-f the U-shaped clamping strap are provided with outwardly directed feet, each foot having an integral flange extending generally parallel to the leg to which its foot is attached. Each foot has a hole therein for the accommodation of a bolt member. The flange in each foot is spaced sufficiently from the end of the leg so as to prevent the nut for each bolk from turning, the bolt in each instance having a slotted head so that it can be tightened with a screwdriver.
Tn the following description of the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings in which: -Figure 1 depicts my invention in an actual use,three magnet units being clamped to the length of pipe there shown, Figure 2 is a sectional view taken in the direction of line 2 - 2 of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a sectional view correspondinq to ~a~6~03 Figure 2 but showing foux units instead of the three units appearing in Figure 2;
Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view taken at the same angle as Figure 1 but illustrating only the clamping hardware, one of the bolts and nuts being detached, and Figure 5 is an enlarged perspective view, also at the same angle as Figure 1, showing the internal permanent magnet means for each of the three units, the casing and potting compound having been removed.
Referring now to the drawinqs, it will be observed that in Figures 1 and 2 a length of pipe has been illustrated, having been given the reference numeral 10. For the sake of discussion, the pipe 10 may be deemed to have a 2-inch diameter, whereas the pipe lOa in Figure 3 may be said to have a 3-inch diameter.
The liquid flows through the pipe 10 in the direction of the arrows 12.
My apparatus has been indicated generally by the reference numeral 14 in Figures 1 and 2, and by the reference numeral 14a in Figure 3. Actually, the apparatus 14a differs from the apparatus 14 in that a greater number of permanent magnet units 16 is employed in Figure 3 owing to the larger diameter pipe lOa. It is thou9ht that the versatility o~ my invention is demonstrated by presenting both Figures 2 and 3.
As just indicated, each of the permanent magnet units utilized when practicing my invention has been denoted generally by the reference numeral 16. As the description progresses, it will be appreciated that various combinations oE these units 16 may be utilized for treating the fluld flowing through either the pipe 10 or the pipe lOa (as well as other sizes of pipes)O
From Figures 1 and 2 it will be noted that the apparatus 1~ includes three units 16, whereas in Figure 3 the apparatus 14a includes four units 16.
6C)3 Rach permanent magnet unit 16 has a thin plastic trough-like casing 18 which includes a top wall 18a, slightl~ diverging side walls 18b, somewhat diverging end walls 18c and an open side at 18d. It i5 believed obvious that the top wall 18a, while termed a top wall, will not always be uppermost~ the position of the wall 18a actually depending upon the orienta-tion and position of the particular unit 16 on the pipe 10 or the pipe lOa. Attention is directed, though, to the free or lower edges of the side walls 18b and the end walls 18c, for they merge into a channel-like configuration which includes a curved flanqe 18e. It should be explained at this stage that the flange 18e is somewhat deformable in order to allow the casing 18 to be firmly clamped in place on the pipe 10 or lOa. It will be seen that the top wall 18a includes separated longitudinal por~ions 18aa and 18ab that extend above a central notch 18ac.
Thus, the top wall 18a is composed of the portions 18aa, 18ab and 18ac.
Within the casing 18 is a permanent maqnet means indicated generally by the reference numeral 200 The permanent magnet means 20 includes a ferromagnetic strip 22 that resides in the casing 18 in close proximity to the wall 18a. More specifically, the ferromagnetic strip 22 is of soft iron.
Included in the permanent magnet means 20 are permanent magnets in the form of ceramic wafers 24 and 26 at one end oE the strip ~2. At the other end of the strip 22 is an additional pair oE permanent magnet means constituting two additional rectangular ceramic wafers 28 and 30. It will be appreciated that the magnets 24 7 26, 23 and 30 each have opposite sides residing in parallel planes. Also, it can be explained that the magnet 24 has a side or face constituting a north pole, such face being labeled 24N and a face constituting a south pole, the latter being identified with the reference numeral 24S. Similarly, the magnet 26 has a north pole 26N and a sou~h pole 26S. Still further, the magnet 28 has a north pole 28N and a south pole 28S, whereas the magnet 30 has a north pole 30N and a south pole 30S.
The strip 22 has parallel sides. The face of the magnet 24 providing the north pole 24N is oriented so as to bear against one end portion of the strip 22, whereas the south pole of the magnet 28 labeled 28S
bears against the opposite end portion of the strip 22 The pair of permanent magnets 2~, 26 have associated therewith a ferromagnetic shoe 32, of soft iron, whereas the pair of magnets 28, 30 have a similar shoe 34. The shoes 32 and 34 each have a Elat surface 32a and 34a, respectively, that bear against the face 26S of the magnet 26 in one instance and the face 30N of the magnet 30 in the other~ The shoe 32 has an angled face formed with flat surfaces 32b and 32c which extend obtusely with respect to each other~ Similarly, the shoe 34 has surfaces labeled 34b and 34c. These V-shaped surfaces 32br 32c and 34b~ 34c bear against the exterior of the pipe 10 or lOa, as the case may be.
Within each casing 18 is an appropriate potting compound 36, such as an epoxy resin containing an approprlate curing agent. The potting compount 36 is somewhat resilient, yet efEectively retains the magnetic structure 20 within the confines of the casing 18. It will be recognized that the shoe Eaces 32b, 32c and 3~b, 34c project beyond the casing 18 and also beyond the surface of the potting compound 36 adjacent the open side 18d of the casing 18.
The apparatus 14 includes a clampinq means indicated generally by the reference numeral 40. The clamping means 40 comprises a number of metallic straps 42 providing what might be termed in each instance a U shaped configuration composed of a bight or connecting )3 portion 4~ that is nested or saddled in the previously mentioned notch 18ac formed in the wall 18a of ~he casing 18. The biqht or connecting portion 44 has a pair of legs 46 diverqing therefrom. At the free end of each leg 46 is a foot 48 that extends substantially perpendicularly from the end of the leg 46 with which it is integrally associated. Each foot 48 has a Elange 50 that resides in a plane generally parallel to the plane of the leg 46 to which its foot 48 is attached~ Each foot 48 is formed with a hole 52 (Figure ~) therein for the accommodation of a bolt or screw 54 having a round head 56 with a screwdriver slot 58 therein. The end of the screw 54 remote from its head 56 has a nut 60 threadedly attached thereto.
A comparison of Figures 2 and 3 will reveal that whatever number of straps 42 that are needed can be used in the clamping means 40. For instance, ~iqure 2 (and Figure 1) depicts three units 16 and a somewhat smaller pipe 10 than the pipe 10a in Figure 3 so three metal straps 42 are employed to clamp ~he three units 16 in an angularly spaced relation with each other, more specifically, with an angle of 120 therebe~weenu On the other hand, since Figure 3 shows four units 16 quadrantly located, there would be four clampin~ strips or straps 42. A somewhat larger pipe than that appearing in Figure 3 would require an even greater numher of units 160 It will be understood that my invention allows any practical combination o units 16 to be utili~ed depending on the particular size of pipe that is to make use of my invention.
It will also be appreciated, though, that when the various nuts 60 are tightened on the screws 54~ the units 16 are pulled against the outside of the pipe 10 or 10a by the straps 42. The casing 28 in each instance, as well as the structure ~0 and compound 36 contained in each casinq 18, are all placed under g compression, consequently, there is virkually no likelihood of any breakage taking place irrespective of the extent to which the screws 54 and nuts 6~ are tightened. This is so irrespective of the number o-f units 16 utilized at any given pipe site.
Thus, while my invention permits any combination of units 16 to be employed, it permits these units to be clamped very readily without altering the piping system. Furthermore, should it be found that the units 16 should be moved, they can be readily shifted along a straight section of pipe by merely loosening the nuts 60. If it should turn out that a given length of pipe does not require any units 16, such as by changing the type of liquid flowing therethrou~h, my invention enables an easy removal of the units 16, and if needed elsewhere they can be transferred to a different location where their presence is required, being easily reclamped in place.
For best results the pipe 10 or 10a should be plastic, copper, or stainless steel~ although the invention will be useful on galvanized iron pipes.
Obviously, when employing a plurality of units 16, as the invention contemplates, the units 16 should be attached so that their polarities are all the same.
~5 Preferably, the north poles should all be downstream, the structures 20 as oriented in E'igure 5 being so arranged. Stated somewhat differently, the uni~s 16 would be clamped to the pipe 10 in Fi~ure 1 with all of the shoes 34 downstream and all o the shoes 32 ups~ream.
This invention relates generally ~o apparatus for magnetically trea~ing a liquid as it flows through a pipe, and pertains more particularly to a self-contained permanent magnet unit with hardware means for clamping various combinations of such units to ~he outside of the plpe .
U. S. Patent No. 3,22~t~78 granted on January ll, 1966 to Dean L. Moody for "Method and Apparatus fo~
Treatment of Flowing Liquids to Con-trol Deposition of Solid Matter Therefrom" is believed representative of the state-of-the-art. Actually, the alluded-to patent presents an excellent description of how the treatment is efected where diamagnetic substances are contained in the liquid flowing through the pipeO The patent mentions scale and parafin. Scale can take various forms but typical of the substances creating scale problems are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, as well as various oils, waxes and greases in addition to paraffin.
As is recognized, inasmuch as the above-listed substances are diamagnetic, when subjected to a strong magnetic Eield, the ~ield induces polarization in the substances in such a way that the diamagnetic molecule is repelled by the magnetic field and by other polari~ed diamagnetic molecules. This is characteristic o~
diamagnetic substances and advantage is taken of this physical phenomenon to prevent the Eormation oE
`~
aY3 objectionable scale deposits on the inside of the pipe, for by inducing polarization as mentioned above, the diamagnetic substances are caused to move away from the inner surface of the pipe when under the influence of a sufficiently strong magnetic field equipped with magnetic means.
The difficulty in the past, however, has been with respect to providing a strong enough :Eield, particularly on larger diameter pipes, so that a substantial proportion of the fluid flowing through the pipe is subjected to a field of such intensity and for a long enough period of time that the desired repulsion will be effected.
Accordingly~ an important object of this invention is to provide a sufficiently strong magnetic field such that scale, paraffin and other salts are prevented from accumulating on the inside of the pipe or conduit throuqh which the particular liquid is flowing.
In this regard, it is an aim to provide individual units, each of which contains a plurality of permanent magnets and each of which units furnishes a high flux concentration.
Another object of the invention is to provide a unit comprised of permanent magnets that can be clamped to the outside of a pipe in whatever combinations prove most desirable for the particular size of pipe and the flow rate of the liquid passing therethrough. In other words, if the pipe is small, my invention enables only one or two magnetic units to be employedy yet when the 3n diameter is appreciable, a correspondingly greater numher of units can be applied.
Another object of my invention is to provide a type of unit and a clamping means thereEor that will permit the unit to be appl.ied without modifying the pipe or any plumbing associated therewith. More specifically, an aim of the invention is to allow the various units that are clamped in combination to be shifted when clrcumstances so require. In this latter regard, in industrial installations, a change or switch to a different liquid might very well warrant shifting the units to another location in the system. ThiS can easily be achieved when practicislg my invention. Also, the piping system itself might be altered at times, yet my invention is sufficiently flexihle to compensate for changesO
Not only is m~ invention suitable for industrial applications, but it also will find utility in smaller scale applications, namely commercial, but also residential. Hence, my invention is truly versatile as far as its particular use is concernedO
AlSo, the invention has for an object the provision of apparatus that will produce a concentrated magnetic field that will extend over a sufficient length of the pipe so that the liquid flowing through the pipe will be subjected to the influence of the magnetic field for a longer period of time in contradistinction to having the field restricted to flow only transversely across the pipe which can involve a relatively short length of pipe in which the field acts on the flowing liquid for a lesser amount of time.
Yet another object is to provide a permanent magnet unit that will not be damaged readily, such as by applying too much clamping pressure. ~ore specifically, an aim of the invention is to utiliæe external hardware that acts in a direction to develop compressive forces in holding the various units against the outsi~e of the pipe, doinq so in a manner that will not impose undue stresses that miqht result in damage or separation oF
the unit's parts.
Also, the invention has for an object the provision of a permanent magnet unit and hardware therefor that can be rather inexpensivel~ manuFactured, 6~33 thereby encouraging its widespread use for various applications.
Briefly, my invention envisages the use o an appropriate number of permanent magnet units of S identical construction. Each unit comprises a casing containing therein a strip of ferromagnetic material, such as soft iron, with a pair of ceramic magnets at each end thereof. Associated with one of each pair of magnets is a ferromagnetic shoe member, also o soft iron, that provides an angled pole face that bears against the outside of the pipe~ the shoe actually projecting somewhat ~rom the potting compound in which the strip and permanent magnets are embeddedO
The outside of the casing has an intermediate notch in one wall thereof and also has a peripherally directed trough or channel-shaped edge. The notch is formed so th~t a central portion or bight of a generally U-shaped metal clamping strap can nest in the notch.
The ends of the legs o-f the U-shaped clamping strap are provided with outwardly directed feet, each foot having an integral flange extending generally parallel to the leg to which its foot is attached. Each foot has a hole therein for the accommodation of a bolt member. The flange in each foot is spaced sufficiently from the end of the leg so as to prevent the nut for each bolk from turning, the bolt in each instance having a slotted head so that it can be tightened with a screwdriver.
Tn the following description of the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings in which: -Figure 1 depicts my invention in an actual use,three magnet units being clamped to the length of pipe there shown, Figure 2 is a sectional view taken in the direction of line 2 - 2 of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a sectional view correspondinq to ~a~6~03 Figure 2 but showing foux units instead of the three units appearing in Figure 2;
Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view taken at the same angle as Figure 1 but illustrating only the clamping hardware, one of the bolts and nuts being detached, and Figure 5 is an enlarged perspective view, also at the same angle as Figure 1, showing the internal permanent magnet means for each of the three units, the casing and potting compound having been removed.
Referring now to the drawinqs, it will be observed that in Figures 1 and 2 a length of pipe has been illustrated, having been given the reference numeral 10. For the sake of discussion, the pipe 10 may be deemed to have a 2-inch diameter, whereas the pipe lOa in Figure 3 may be said to have a 3-inch diameter.
The liquid flows through the pipe 10 in the direction of the arrows 12.
My apparatus has been indicated generally by the reference numeral 14 in Figures 1 and 2, and by the reference numeral 14a in Figure 3. Actually, the apparatus 14a differs from the apparatus 14 in that a greater number of permanent magnet units 16 is employed in Figure 3 owing to the larger diameter pipe lOa. It is thou9ht that the versatility o~ my invention is demonstrated by presenting both Figures 2 and 3.
As just indicated, each of the permanent magnet units utilized when practicing my invention has been denoted generally by the reference numeral 16. As the description progresses, it will be appreciated that various combinations oE these units 16 may be utilized for treating the fluld flowing through either the pipe 10 or the pipe lOa (as well as other sizes of pipes)O
From Figures 1 and 2 it will be noted that the apparatus 1~ includes three units 16, whereas in Figure 3 the apparatus 14a includes four units 16.
6C)3 Rach permanent magnet unit 16 has a thin plastic trough-like casing 18 which includes a top wall 18a, slightl~ diverging side walls 18b, somewhat diverging end walls 18c and an open side at 18d. It i5 believed obvious that the top wall 18a, while termed a top wall, will not always be uppermost~ the position of the wall 18a actually depending upon the orienta-tion and position of the particular unit 16 on the pipe 10 or the pipe lOa. Attention is directed, though, to the free or lower edges of the side walls 18b and the end walls 18c, for they merge into a channel-like configuration which includes a curved flanqe 18e. It should be explained at this stage that the flange 18e is somewhat deformable in order to allow the casing 18 to be firmly clamped in place on the pipe 10 or lOa. It will be seen that the top wall 18a includes separated longitudinal por~ions 18aa and 18ab that extend above a central notch 18ac.
Thus, the top wall 18a is composed of the portions 18aa, 18ab and 18ac.
Within the casing 18 is a permanent maqnet means indicated generally by the reference numeral 200 The permanent magnet means 20 includes a ferromagnetic strip 22 that resides in the casing 18 in close proximity to the wall 18a. More specifically, the ferromagnetic strip 22 is of soft iron.
Included in the permanent magnet means 20 are permanent magnets in the form of ceramic wafers 24 and 26 at one end oE the strip ~2. At the other end of the strip 22 is an additional pair oE permanent magnet means constituting two additional rectangular ceramic wafers 28 and 30. It will be appreciated that the magnets 24 7 26, 23 and 30 each have opposite sides residing in parallel planes. Also, it can be explained that the magnet 24 has a side or face constituting a north pole, such face being labeled 24N and a face constituting a south pole, the latter being identified with the reference numeral 24S. Similarly, the magnet 26 has a north pole 26N and a sou~h pole 26S. Still further, the magnet 28 has a north pole 28N and a south pole 28S, whereas the magnet 30 has a north pole 30N and a south pole 30S.
The strip 22 has parallel sides. The face of the magnet 24 providing the north pole 24N is oriented so as to bear against one end portion of the strip 22, whereas the south pole of the magnet 28 labeled 28S
bears against the opposite end portion of the strip 22 The pair of permanent magnets 2~, 26 have associated therewith a ferromagnetic shoe 32, of soft iron, whereas the pair of magnets 28, 30 have a similar shoe 34. The shoes 32 and 34 each have a Elat surface 32a and 34a, respectively, that bear against the face 26S of the magnet 26 in one instance and the face 30N of the magnet 30 in the other~ The shoe 32 has an angled face formed with flat surfaces 32b and 32c which extend obtusely with respect to each other~ Similarly, the shoe 34 has surfaces labeled 34b and 34c. These V-shaped surfaces 32br 32c and 34b~ 34c bear against the exterior of the pipe 10 or lOa, as the case may be.
Within each casing 18 is an appropriate potting compound 36, such as an epoxy resin containing an approprlate curing agent. The potting compount 36 is somewhat resilient, yet efEectively retains the magnetic structure 20 within the confines of the casing 18. It will be recognized that the shoe Eaces 32b, 32c and 3~b, 34c project beyond the casing 18 and also beyond the surface of the potting compound 36 adjacent the open side 18d of the casing 18.
The apparatus 14 includes a clampinq means indicated generally by the reference numeral 40. The clamping means 40 comprises a number of metallic straps 42 providing what might be termed in each instance a U shaped configuration composed of a bight or connecting )3 portion 4~ that is nested or saddled in the previously mentioned notch 18ac formed in the wall 18a of ~he casing 18. The biqht or connecting portion 44 has a pair of legs 46 diverqing therefrom. At the free end of each leg 46 is a foot 48 that extends substantially perpendicularly from the end of the leg 46 with which it is integrally associated. Each foot 48 has a Elange 50 that resides in a plane generally parallel to the plane of the leg 46 to which its foot 48 is attached~ Each foot 48 is formed with a hole 52 (Figure ~) therein for the accommodation of a bolt or screw 54 having a round head 56 with a screwdriver slot 58 therein. The end of the screw 54 remote from its head 56 has a nut 60 threadedly attached thereto.
A comparison of Figures 2 and 3 will reveal that whatever number of straps 42 that are needed can be used in the clamping means 40. For instance, ~iqure 2 (and Figure 1) depicts three units 16 and a somewhat smaller pipe 10 than the pipe 10a in Figure 3 so three metal straps 42 are employed to clamp ~he three units 16 in an angularly spaced relation with each other, more specifically, with an angle of 120 therebe~weenu On the other hand, since Figure 3 shows four units 16 quadrantly located, there would be four clampin~ strips or straps 42. A somewhat larger pipe than that appearing in Figure 3 would require an even greater numher of units 160 It will be understood that my invention allows any practical combination o units 16 to be utili~ed depending on the particular size of pipe that is to make use of my invention.
It will also be appreciated, though, that when the various nuts 60 are tightened on the screws 54~ the units 16 are pulled against the outside of the pipe 10 or 10a by the straps 42. The casing 28 in each instance, as well as the structure ~0 and compound 36 contained in each casinq 18, are all placed under g compression, consequently, there is virkually no likelihood of any breakage taking place irrespective of the extent to which the screws 54 and nuts 6~ are tightened. This is so irrespective of the number o-f units 16 utilized at any given pipe site.
Thus, while my invention permits any combination of units 16 to be employed, it permits these units to be clamped very readily without altering the piping system. Furthermore, should it be found that the units 16 should be moved, they can be readily shifted along a straight section of pipe by merely loosening the nuts 60. If it should turn out that a given length of pipe does not require any units 16, such as by changing the type of liquid flowing therethrou~h, my invention enables an easy removal of the units 16, and if needed elsewhere they can be transferred to a different location where their presence is required, being easily reclamped in place.
For best results the pipe 10 or 10a should be plastic, copper, or stainless steel~ although the invention will be useful on galvanized iron pipes.
Obviously, when employing a plurality of units 16, as the invention contemplates, the units 16 should be attached so that their polarities are all the same.
~5 Preferably, the north poles should all be downstream, the structures 20 as oriented in E'igure 5 being so arranged. Stated somewhat differently, the uni~s 16 would be clamped to the pipe 10 in Fi~ure 1 with all of the shoes 34 downstream and all o the shoes 32 ups~ream.
Claims (15)
1. Apparatus for magnetically treating a liquid flowing through a pipe comprising a permanent magnet unit including first and second longitudinally spaced permanent magnet means, each magnet means having oppositely directed first and second rectangular surfaces providing first and second flat pole faces, said first rectangular surfaces residing in one plane and said second rectangular surfaces residing in a second plane parallel to said first plane, a ferromagnetic strip member having a length equal to the combined length of said first rectangular surfaces, and the distance therebetween, said strip member confronting said first rectangular surfaces and extending between said first and second permanent magnet means, a first ferromagnetic shoe member having a flat side confronting the second rectangular surfaces of said first permanent magnet means, and a second ferromagnetic shoe member having a flat side confronting the second rectangular surfaces of said second permanent magnet means.
2. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 in which the shoe members of said unit each have an angled side opposite the flat side thereof for bearing against the outside of the pipe having the liquid to be treated flowing therethrough.
3. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 2 in which said unit includes a casing having a closed side and an opposite open side including a casing having a closed side and an opposite open side, and potting compound in said casing, said angled sides of said shoe members extending beyond said open side of the casing and also projecting beyond said potting compound so as to bear against the outside of the pipe.
4. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 3 in which said closed side of the casing has a notch portion therein for receiving therein a portion of a clamping strip.
5. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 4 in which said clamping strip includes a central bight portion receivable in said notch portion, leg portions integral with said bight portion and forming generally a U-shaped configuration with said bight portion, and means at the free end of each leg for pulling said leg portions in a direction to cause said bight portion of said strip to press against the notch portion of said casing to force said shoe members against said pipe at longitudinally spaced locations.
6. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 5 including outturned feet at the free ends of said leg portions for the accommodation of bolt or screw members for pulling said leg portions in a direction to cause said shoe members to bear against said longitudinally spaced locations of said pipe.
7. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 in which each of said permanent magnet means includes a plurality of ceramic wafers.
8. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 7 in which said wafers have a rectangular configuration.
9. Apparatus for magnetically treating a liquid flowing through a pipe comprising a first pair of rectangular permanent magnets, a second pair of rectangular permanent magnets longitudinally spaced from said first pair of magnets, a ferromagnetic strip extending between said pairs of permanent magnets and spanning the space therebetween, one side of one magnet of each of said pairs of permanent magnets confronting an end portion only of said strip to leave an intermediate portion of said strip therebetween, a first ferromagnetic shoe member having a flat side confronting one side of the other magnet of said first pair of magnets, and a second ferromagnetic shoe member having a flat side confronting one side of the other magnet of said second pair of magnets, said flat side of said shoe members having a surface area corresponding to the surface area of said one side of each of said other magnets.
10. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 9 including a plastic casing, said ferromagnetic strip and said permanent magnets being contained in said casing, and potting compound encasing the end portions and the intermediate portion of said strip and also said magnets, said shoe members projecting beyond said casing and compound so as to engage the outside of the pipe through which the liquid to be treated flows.
11. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 10 including strap means for clamping said casing in a direction to force said projecting shoe members against said pipe.
12. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 3 including a plurality of said permanent magnet units, each unit including an elongated plastic casing having an open side and shoe members extending beyond said open side of the casing and also projecting beyond said potting compound, and clamping means engaging the casing of each unit to clamp said units so that the shoe members of said units bear against the outside of said pipe.
13. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 12 in which said clamping means includes a strap member for each unit, each strap member having an intermediate portion thereof contacting the casing of the unit it is to clamp, and threaded members acting on the ends of said strap members and pull said strap members in a direction to cause said shoe members to bear against said pipe.
14. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 13 in which the ends of said strap members are outturned and each outturned end has a hole therein for the accommodation of a threaded member.
15. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 14 in which each casing has a notch portion, said intermediate strap portion contacting said notch portion in each instance.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000418837A CA1196603A (en) | 1983-01-04 | 1983-01-04 | Apparatus for magnetically treating liquid flowing through a pipe and clamping means therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000418837A CA1196603A (en) | 1983-01-04 | 1983-01-04 | Apparatus for magnetically treating liquid flowing through a pipe and clamping means therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1196603A true CA1196603A (en) | 1985-11-12 |
Family
ID=4124252
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000418837A Expired CA1196603A (en) | 1983-01-04 | 1983-01-04 | Apparatus for magnetically treating liquid flowing through a pipe and clamping means therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1196603A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-01-04 CA CA000418837A patent/CA1196603A/en not_active Expired
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|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |