CA1125000A - Aqueous glass expanding agent from water-glass and glycerine - Google Patents
Aqueous glass expanding agent from water-glass and glycerineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1125000A CA1125000A CA337,084A CA337084A CA1125000A CA 1125000 A CA1125000 A CA 1125000A CA 337084 A CA337084 A CA 337084A CA 1125000 A CA1125000 A CA 1125000A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- water
- expanding agent
- bentonite
- alkali
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
- C03C11/007—Foam glass, e.g. obtained by incorporating a blowing agent and heating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An expanding agent is used to produce glass, with mainly closed cells, free glass flour. It constitutes a durable colloidal dispersion capable of being diluted with water. It contains water, water-glass and a liquid hydrocarbon, preferably glycerine, soluble in water-glass. Preferably it also contains an alkali-bentonite, for example sodium-bentonite, the amount thereof being preferably between 1 and 10% by weight. The expanding agent produces a particularly finely cellular glass foam, with cells of uniform size. It has a high compressive strength.
An expanding agent is used to produce glass, with mainly closed cells, free glass flour. It constitutes a durable colloidal dispersion capable of being diluted with water. It contains water, water-glass and a liquid hydrocarbon, preferably glycerine, soluble in water-glass. Preferably it also contains an alkali-bentonite, for example sodium-bentonite, the amount thereof being preferably between 1 and 10% by weight. The expanding agent produces a particularly finely cellular glass foam, with cells of uniform size. It has a high compressive strength.
Description
The invention relates to an expanding agent for the production of foamed glass from glass flour, and to a method for the production thereof.
Methods are already known (cf., for example, Swiss Patents ~26 601 and 473 741) for expanding glass flour by addition of an expanding agent which releases gas at high temperatures, in a flat-bed furnace or a rotating kiln, at between 700 and 900 C, for the purpose of producing foamed-glass granular material or foamed-glass mouldings.
The expanding agents hitherto used have been either organic sub-stances such as hydrocarbons~ carbon, sugar, clays, bran or fats, or also inorganic substances such as water-glass.
Expanding agents hitherto used have the disadvantage that the re-lease of gas occurs at too low a temperature and too unevenly, with the result that the gas cavities, which produce the porous structure of the foamed glass, vary too widely in size. This results in the formation of macro-pores in the walls of which micro-pores are enclosed (cf. Swiss Patents 426 601 and 473 741); this impairs the strength and affects the water absorp-tion of the foamed glass thus obtained.
Also known (cf. "Technological Digests"~ Vol. 8, No. 5, May 1963, page 43) is a method for producing foamed glass by mixing glass flour with bentonite and an alkali-silicate. In this mixture, the alkali-silcate sub-sequently lowers the melting point of the glass and also acts as a drying agent. Dextrine and sulphite lye are also added to stabilize the drying, and saponine, hydrocarbons, or fatty alcohols are added to reduce surface tension. The mixture thus prepared is then foamed mechanically with water or gas; the foamed glass obtained is dried at 110 C and is then heated to , , ~s~
bet~een 7~0 and 7~0QC, initiall~ in moulds and then free-standing. In contrast to the method described at the beginning hereof, foaming in this case is not achieved by means of an expanding agent which releases a gas under the action of heat; instead, the glass-po~der mixture is foamed mechanically and is then sintered ~hile the foam structure is maintained.
This method inevitably produces a ver~ coarse foam structure and is also much more labour-intensive than the method mentioned at the beginning hereof.
It has been sho~n by tests that, for a given specific ~eightJ
the number of ppres per unit of volume governs the ph~sical properties, particularly the strength, of the foamed glass. The strength increases practically proportionally to tile number of pores per unit of volume.
No~ it i~ the purpose of the invention to provide an expanding agent for use as indicated at the beginning hereof, in ~hich the release of gas takes place only at the sintering temperature of the glass and is also very finely divided, thus ensuring the production of a fine-pored and therefore stronger foamed glass.
This invention relates to an expanding agent for producing glass foam having predominantly closed cells, from pulverized glass, characterized in that it is a sta~le colloidal dispersion capable of being stored and later diluted with water, ~hich dispersion is composed of at least water, ~ater glass, glycerol, and an alkali ~entonite.
The object of the invention is also a method for producing an ., , , ~ ~\
expanding agent according to the invention, containing alkali-bentonite, more particularly sodium-bentonite, the said method being characterized in that an alkali--bentonite, especially a sodium-bentonite, is mixed with water to form a slurry, after which this slurry is mixed with water-glass, addi-tional water, and the hydrocarbon compound, especially glycerine, to form a colloidal dispersion.
As compared with the known expanding agents indicated at the begin-ning hereof, the expanding agent described above displays a whole series of unexpected and critical advantages.
In the first place it is durable and can be diluted with water, which means that it is a marketable product; more particularly, it can be marketed as a concentrate to be diluted before useO
Since the said expanding agent contains a hydrocarbon compound, more particularly glycerine, the glass is foamed not only by the steam re-leased, but also by the gas produced by cracking the hydrocarbon compound.
Expansion thus produces a foamed glass having a highly uniform, finely cellular pore-structure, i.e. it contains a considerably larger number of pores of the same size than existing foamecl glasses. Because of this fine-pored struc~ure, foamed glass produced with the expanding agent described above possesses a hitherto unknown compressive strength.
Furthermore, a possible alkali-bentonite component provides great absorbability, so that it absorbs water and water-glass in a uniform swelling process.
When mixed with the glass flour, the colloidal dispersion obtained forms a plastic mass which is easily granulated. Since the glass flour ,~
~z~
produced has no voids, the raw granular material obtained is resistant to wear. The plas~ici~ing action of this expanding agent makes it possible to produce an abrasion-resistant raw granular material from a coarser glass flour than beforeO The miscibility of the expanding agent with the glass flour may also be improved if the said agent is used as a concentrate, water being added during mixing with the glass flour.
If the expanding agent contains alkali-bentonite, this ensures that the absorbed water and water-glass remain enclosed up to a relatively high temperature; however, as soon as the conversion temperature is exceeded, during the expansion process, gas is released in an extremely finely divided form.
The expanding agent described above acts, during expansion, not only as an expanding agent in the actual meaning of the word, bu~ also as a flux. It also acts as a bonding agent for the glass flour during the pro-duction Gf raw granular material for subsequent expansion.
Example 1 100 parts by weight of water, 50 parts by weight of water-glass (36 Bé), and 5 parts by weight of glycerine are stirred to form a colloidal dispersion.
The expanding agent thus obtained is a durable colloidal dispersion capable of being diluted with water. It can be held for some weeks without sedimentation.
For use, the expanding agent is mixed with about three times the amount of glass flour. The mixture is dried, at between 150 and 250 C, to a water content of between 1 and 2 % by weight, and is then rubbed.
_~ _ ' ' Prior to rubbing, it is desirable to add between 2 and 4 % by weight of dry alkali-bentonite, preferably sodium-bentonite.
The rubbed mixture, containing the expanding agent, is then expanded in known fashion, in a flat-bed furnace or rotary kiln, at between 700 and 900C, into foamed glass.
Example 2 The following components are mixed in a container, in the sequence indicated, into a colloidal dispersion:
32 parts by weight of water-glass (38 Bé) 100 parts by weight of water 4 parts by weight of glycerine 15 parts by weight of sodium~bentonite.
The expanding agent thus obtained is a durable, fluid paste, capable of being diluted with water.
For use, the said expanding agent is mixed with 500 parts by weight of glass flour. The mixture is dried, at between 150 and 250 C, to a water content of between 1 and 2 % by weight, and is then rubbed.
The rubbed mixture, containing the expanding agent, is then expanded in known fashion, in a flat-bed furnace or rotary kiln, at between 700 and 900 C, into foamed glass.
Example 3 ~L0 parts by weight of sodium-bentonite and 60 parts by weight of water are first stirred to form a slurry. A liquid mixture consisting of 14 parts by weight of water, 10 parts by weight of water-glass (38 Be), and 4 parts by weight of glycerine, is then prepared.
:' ` ' ' :
-~5~
This mixture is then added to the slurry and the whole is workedup into a colloidal paste.
The expanding agent thus obtained is a durable colloidal disp~rsion capable of being diluted with water and containing 9.5 ~ b~ weight of sodium-bentonite.
:,-
Methods are already known (cf., for example, Swiss Patents ~26 601 and 473 741) for expanding glass flour by addition of an expanding agent which releases gas at high temperatures, in a flat-bed furnace or a rotating kiln, at between 700 and 900 C, for the purpose of producing foamed-glass granular material or foamed-glass mouldings.
The expanding agents hitherto used have been either organic sub-stances such as hydrocarbons~ carbon, sugar, clays, bran or fats, or also inorganic substances such as water-glass.
Expanding agents hitherto used have the disadvantage that the re-lease of gas occurs at too low a temperature and too unevenly, with the result that the gas cavities, which produce the porous structure of the foamed glass, vary too widely in size. This results in the formation of macro-pores in the walls of which micro-pores are enclosed (cf. Swiss Patents 426 601 and 473 741); this impairs the strength and affects the water absorp-tion of the foamed glass thus obtained.
Also known (cf. "Technological Digests"~ Vol. 8, No. 5, May 1963, page 43) is a method for producing foamed glass by mixing glass flour with bentonite and an alkali-silicate. In this mixture, the alkali-silcate sub-sequently lowers the melting point of the glass and also acts as a drying agent. Dextrine and sulphite lye are also added to stabilize the drying, and saponine, hydrocarbons, or fatty alcohols are added to reduce surface tension. The mixture thus prepared is then foamed mechanically with water or gas; the foamed glass obtained is dried at 110 C and is then heated to , , ~s~
bet~een 7~0 and 7~0QC, initiall~ in moulds and then free-standing. In contrast to the method described at the beginning hereof, foaming in this case is not achieved by means of an expanding agent which releases a gas under the action of heat; instead, the glass-po~der mixture is foamed mechanically and is then sintered ~hile the foam structure is maintained.
This method inevitably produces a ver~ coarse foam structure and is also much more labour-intensive than the method mentioned at the beginning hereof.
It has been sho~n by tests that, for a given specific ~eightJ
the number of ppres per unit of volume governs the ph~sical properties, particularly the strength, of the foamed glass. The strength increases practically proportionally to tile number of pores per unit of volume.
No~ it i~ the purpose of the invention to provide an expanding agent for use as indicated at the beginning hereof, in ~hich the release of gas takes place only at the sintering temperature of the glass and is also very finely divided, thus ensuring the production of a fine-pored and therefore stronger foamed glass.
This invention relates to an expanding agent for producing glass foam having predominantly closed cells, from pulverized glass, characterized in that it is a sta~le colloidal dispersion capable of being stored and later diluted with water, ~hich dispersion is composed of at least water, ~ater glass, glycerol, and an alkali ~entonite.
The object of the invention is also a method for producing an ., , , ~ ~\
expanding agent according to the invention, containing alkali-bentonite, more particularly sodium-bentonite, the said method being characterized in that an alkali--bentonite, especially a sodium-bentonite, is mixed with water to form a slurry, after which this slurry is mixed with water-glass, addi-tional water, and the hydrocarbon compound, especially glycerine, to form a colloidal dispersion.
As compared with the known expanding agents indicated at the begin-ning hereof, the expanding agent described above displays a whole series of unexpected and critical advantages.
In the first place it is durable and can be diluted with water, which means that it is a marketable product; more particularly, it can be marketed as a concentrate to be diluted before useO
Since the said expanding agent contains a hydrocarbon compound, more particularly glycerine, the glass is foamed not only by the steam re-leased, but also by the gas produced by cracking the hydrocarbon compound.
Expansion thus produces a foamed glass having a highly uniform, finely cellular pore-structure, i.e. it contains a considerably larger number of pores of the same size than existing foamecl glasses. Because of this fine-pored struc~ure, foamed glass produced with the expanding agent described above possesses a hitherto unknown compressive strength.
Furthermore, a possible alkali-bentonite component provides great absorbability, so that it absorbs water and water-glass in a uniform swelling process.
When mixed with the glass flour, the colloidal dispersion obtained forms a plastic mass which is easily granulated. Since the glass flour ,~
~z~
produced has no voids, the raw granular material obtained is resistant to wear. The plas~ici~ing action of this expanding agent makes it possible to produce an abrasion-resistant raw granular material from a coarser glass flour than beforeO The miscibility of the expanding agent with the glass flour may also be improved if the said agent is used as a concentrate, water being added during mixing with the glass flour.
If the expanding agent contains alkali-bentonite, this ensures that the absorbed water and water-glass remain enclosed up to a relatively high temperature; however, as soon as the conversion temperature is exceeded, during the expansion process, gas is released in an extremely finely divided form.
The expanding agent described above acts, during expansion, not only as an expanding agent in the actual meaning of the word, bu~ also as a flux. It also acts as a bonding agent for the glass flour during the pro-duction Gf raw granular material for subsequent expansion.
Example 1 100 parts by weight of water, 50 parts by weight of water-glass (36 Bé), and 5 parts by weight of glycerine are stirred to form a colloidal dispersion.
The expanding agent thus obtained is a durable colloidal dispersion capable of being diluted with water. It can be held for some weeks without sedimentation.
For use, the expanding agent is mixed with about three times the amount of glass flour. The mixture is dried, at between 150 and 250 C, to a water content of between 1 and 2 % by weight, and is then rubbed.
_~ _ ' ' Prior to rubbing, it is desirable to add between 2 and 4 % by weight of dry alkali-bentonite, preferably sodium-bentonite.
The rubbed mixture, containing the expanding agent, is then expanded in known fashion, in a flat-bed furnace or rotary kiln, at between 700 and 900C, into foamed glass.
Example 2 The following components are mixed in a container, in the sequence indicated, into a colloidal dispersion:
32 parts by weight of water-glass (38 Bé) 100 parts by weight of water 4 parts by weight of glycerine 15 parts by weight of sodium~bentonite.
The expanding agent thus obtained is a durable, fluid paste, capable of being diluted with water.
For use, the said expanding agent is mixed with 500 parts by weight of glass flour. The mixture is dried, at between 150 and 250 C, to a water content of between 1 and 2 % by weight, and is then rubbed.
The rubbed mixture, containing the expanding agent, is then expanded in known fashion, in a flat-bed furnace or rotary kiln, at between 700 and 900 C, into foamed glass.
Example 3 ~L0 parts by weight of sodium-bentonite and 60 parts by weight of water are first stirred to form a slurry. A liquid mixture consisting of 14 parts by weight of water, 10 parts by weight of water-glass (38 Be), and 4 parts by weight of glycerine, is then prepared.
:' ` ' ' :
-~5~
This mixture is then added to the slurry and the whole is workedup into a colloidal paste.
The expanding agent thus obtained is a durable colloidal disp~rsion capable of being diluted with water and containing 9.5 ~ b~ weight of sodium-bentonite.
:,-
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An expanding agent for producing glass foam having predominantly closed cells, from pulverized glass, characterized in that it is a stable colloidal dispersion capable of being stored and later diluted with water, which dispersion is composed of at least water, water glass, glycerol, and an alkali bentonite.
2. An expanding agent as recited in claim 1, characterized in that it contains sodium bentonite as the alkali bentonite.
3. An expanding agent as recited in claim 1, characterized in that it contains 1 to 10 percent by weight of the alkali bentonite.
4. A process for producing an expanding agent used in making glass foam having predominantly closed cells, from pulverized glass, characterized in that first a slurry is prepared from an alkali bentonite and water, and that thereafter this slurry is mixed with water glass, additional water, and glycerol to form a colloidal dispersion.
5. A process as recited in claim 4, characterized in that sodium bentonite is used as the aklali bentonite.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH10441/78-7 | 1978-10-06 | ||
| CH1044178A CH637356A5 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1978-10-06 | BLOWING AGENTS FOR PRODUCING FOAM GLASS FROM GLASS FLOUR AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1125000A true CA1125000A (en) | 1982-06-08 |
Family
ID=4363267
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA337,084A Expired CA1125000A (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1979-10-05 | Aqueous glass expanding agent from water-glass and glycerine |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0011597B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55500782A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE1641T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1125000A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH637356A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2963854D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK238880A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1980000697A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS616142A (en) * | 1984-06-21 | 1986-01-11 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Production of hollow glass sphere |
| DE19536665C2 (en) * | 1995-09-30 | 1997-11-27 | Wiv Compact Engineering Ingeni | Process for the continuous production of foam glass |
| RU2424997C2 (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-07-27 | Зао "Стиклопорас" | Method of producing granulated foamed silicate penostek |
| RU2439005C2 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2012-01-10 | Зао "Стиклопорас" | Granular mixture for making foamed glass and method of preparing said mixture |
| RU2540719C1 (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2015-02-10 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Научно-Производственное Объединение "Диатомит" | Mixture for producing foamed glass |
| RU2594416C1 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2016-08-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Саратовский институт стекла" | Method of producing blocked foamed glass |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE637983A (en) * | 1961-05-02 | |||
| SE314938B (en) * | 1961-05-18 | 1969-09-15 | Kreidl W | |
| AT291085B (en) * | 1966-01-19 | 1971-06-25 | Utolit A G | Process for the production of glass-like, expanded granules with a cell structure |
| CH539004A (en) * | 1967-03-13 | 1973-08-31 | Utolit Ag | Expanded silicate materials - for use as fillers for light concrete |
| CH502964A (en) * | 1967-07-31 | 1971-02-15 | Trasswerke Meurin Betr Sgmbh | Foamed silicate granules for light weight - building materials |
| DE2012856A1 (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1970-10-15 | Corning Glass Works, Corning, N.Y. (V.St.A.) | Foam glass and process for its manufacture |
-
1978
- 1978-10-06 CH CH1044178A patent/CH637356A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-10-05 AT AT79810116T patent/ATE1641T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-05 EP EP79810116A patent/EP0011597B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-05 WO PCT/CH1979/000131 patent/WO1980000697A1/en unknown
- 1979-10-05 JP JP50160779A patent/JPS55500782A/ja active Pending
- 1979-10-05 CA CA337,084A patent/CA1125000A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-05 DE DE7979810116T patent/DE2963854D1/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-06-03 DK DK238880A patent/DK238880A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH637356A5 (en) | 1983-07-29 |
| EP0011597A1 (en) | 1980-05-28 |
| ATE1641T1 (en) | 1982-10-15 |
| JPS55500782A (en) | 1980-10-16 |
| WO1980000697A1 (en) | 1980-04-17 |
| DK238880A (en) | 1980-06-03 |
| DE2963854D1 (en) | 1982-11-18 |
| EP0011597B1 (en) | 1982-10-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |