CA1092515A - Dialyzer and method of dialysis - Google Patents
Dialyzer and method of dialysisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1092515A CA1092515A CA283,168A CA283168A CA1092515A CA 1092515 A CA1092515 A CA 1092515A CA 283168 A CA283168 A CA 283168A CA 1092515 A CA1092515 A CA 1092515A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tubules
- blood
- dialyzer
- dialysate
- outlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000385 dialysis solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- KGNDCEVUMONOKF-UGPLYTSKSA-N benzyl n-[(2r)-1-[(2s,4r)-2-[[(2s)-6-amino-1-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-1,1-dihydroxyhexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-4-[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CO[C@H]1CN(C(=O)[C@@H](CCC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)(O)C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C1 KGNDCEVUMONOKF-UGPLYTSKSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940125833 compound 23 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000029749 Microtubule Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091022875 Microtubule Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003624 creatine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006046 creatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004688 microtubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940045136 urea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/0232—Manufacturing thereof using hollow fibers mats as precursor, e.g. wound or pleated mats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/0233—Manufacturing thereof forming the bundle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/025—Bobbin units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
"DIALYZER AND METHOD OF DIALYSIS"
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus and method for blood dialysis. The device includes a plurality of semipermeable tubules for transporting blood therethrough.
Distribution means are positioned adjacent the exterior of the tubules for admitting a dialysis solution which is passed along the outside of the tub-ules. The tubules are preferably arranged in a configuration such that the packing density of the tubules is between about 20% and about 50%, and pref-erably between about 25% and about 35%. This packing density insures ade-quate distribution of the dialysate solution as it is passed along the length of the tubules. The tubules may be wrapped and similarly curved; in a preferred embodiment they are spirally orientated. The configuration of the tubules allows for the movement of the tubules in a predetermined manner such that tubule masking is substantially prevented.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus and method for blood dialysis. The device includes a plurality of semipermeable tubules for transporting blood therethrough.
Distribution means are positioned adjacent the exterior of the tubules for admitting a dialysis solution which is passed along the outside of the tub-ules. The tubules are preferably arranged in a configuration such that the packing density of the tubules is between about 20% and about 50%, and pref-erably between about 25% and about 35%. This packing density insures ade-quate distribution of the dialysate solution as it is passed along the length of the tubules. The tubules may be wrapped and similarly curved; in a preferred embodiment they are spirally orientated. The configuration of the tubules allows for the movement of the tubules in a predetermined manner such that tubule masking is substantially prevented.
Description
~09;~15 BACKGROUND OF T INVENTION
The present invention relates to hollow fiber tubular kidney dialyzers.
Kidney dialyzers function to remove toxic substances from the blood of patients suffering from renal failure. The dialyzers are fab-ricated with semipermeable membranes and dialysis is accomplished by n ow-ing blood along one side of the membrane and a dialysate solution along the other side. During the dialyzing process, metabolites such as urea, uric acid, creatine, phosphorous and calcium in the blood diffuse from the blood to the dialysate solution through the membrane due to the lower concentration of metabolites in the dialysate solution.
Prior hollow fiber tubular kidney dialyzers comprised a bundle of ~-several thousand individual microtubules, each consisting of a semipermeable material such as cellophane* or cuprophane*. The tubules were positioned in a cylindrical container and supported in a generally parallel orientation .
between two support members disposed at each end of the container. Figure 4 illustrates this prior dialyzer tubule configuration. The blood was cir-culated through the tubules and the dialysate solution was circulated through the container around the outside of the tubules. To maximize the efficiency of the dialyzer, a great number of tubules were positioned within the con-tainer. Unfortunately, the high packing density and the randomly parallel orientation of tubules forced many tubules to mask, or come into contact with other tubules, precluding dialysis through the contiguous surfaces and thereby reducing the efficiency of the dialyzer. Furthermore, the tubules of the dialyzer expanded and contracted with changes in ambient temperature ;
and humidity. The expansion of the tubules caused disruption of their ~ -original generally parallel orientation resulting in a more random and dis- ~-ordered positioning of the tubules. In this random orientation, there was even greater masking of the tubules which further reduced the efficiency of the dialyzer. Further, during operation of the dialyzer, the random orien-~ .
-,, - ~
*Trademark - 1 - - -, lO9ZSlS
tation of the tubules caused the bunching of tubules with the accompanying formation of localized areas of low flow of dialysate solution within the dialyzer thereby even further reducing the efficiency of the dialyzer.
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved dialyzer and method of operation. Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent on a reading of the entire specification, including the drawings and claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a method of waste containing blood flow dialysis comprising: tangentially admitting blood into a dialyzer blood inlet chamber; passing said blood from said blood inlet chamber into and through a plurality of similarly spirally oriented semipermeable tubules packed between the dialyzer housing and a central dialyzer core; passing blood wastes through the walls of said tubules into said dialysate; passing the treated blood from said tubules into a dialyzer blood outlet chamber;
longitudinally restraining said tubules between said dialyzer blood inlet chamber and said blood outlet chamber; tangentially removing said treated blood from a dialyzer blood outlet chamber; radially distributing a fresh dialysate about the exterior of said tubules; passing in a generally spirally manner said dialysate along the exterior of said tubules; and radially remov-ing said dialysate and blood wastes from said dialyzer.
This invention also provides a helical flow dialyzer comprising:
a dialyzer housing disposed about a central core, said core including a tubular dialysate inlet and a tubular dialysate outlet, both said dialysate inlet and outlet being provided with a plurality of apertures and being joined by a cyl mdrical section of said central core for preventing dialysate flow through said cylindrical portion and for forcing dialysate flow through said apertures of said dialysate inlet and outlet; an annular blood inlet chamber and an annular blood outlet chamber formed within said dialyzer housing about said tubular dialysate inlet and outlet, respectively, said inlet chamber having a tangential inlet nozzle and said outlet chamber having a tangential outlet nozzle; a belt made up of similarly helically oriented semipermeable - :
The present invention relates to hollow fiber tubular kidney dialyzers.
Kidney dialyzers function to remove toxic substances from the blood of patients suffering from renal failure. The dialyzers are fab-ricated with semipermeable membranes and dialysis is accomplished by n ow-ing blood along one side of the membrane and a dialysate solution along the other side. During the dialyzing process, metabolites such as urea, uric acid, creatine, phosphorous and calcium in the blood diffuse from the blood to the dialysate solution through the membrane due to the lower concentration of metabolites in the dialysate solution.
Prior hollow fiber tubular kidney dialyzers comprised a bundle of ~-several thousand individual microtubules, each consisting of a semipermeable material such as cellophane* or cuprophane*. The tubules were positioned in a cylindrical container and supported in a generally parallel orientation .
between two support members disposed at each end of the container. Figure 4 illustrates this prior dialyzer tubule configuration. The blood was cir-culated through the tubules and the dialysate solution was circulated through the container around the outside of the tubules. To maximize the efficiency of the dialyzer, a great number of tubules were positioned within the con-tainer. Unfortunately, the high packing density and the randomly parallel orientation of tubules forced many tubules to mask, or come into contact with other tubules, precluding dialysis through the contiguous surfaces and thereby reducing the efficiency of the dialyzer. Furthermore, the tubules of the dialyzer expanded and contracted with changes in ambient temperature ;
and humidity. The expansion of the tubules caused disruption of their ~ -original generally parallel orientation resulting in a more random and dis- ~-ordered positioning of the tubules. In this random orientation, there was even greater masking of the tubules which further reduced the efficiency of the dialyzer. Further, during operation of the dialyzer, the random orien-~ .
-,, - ~
*Trademark - 1 - - -, lO9ZSlS
tation of the tubules caused the bunching of tubules with the accompanying formation of localized areas of low flow of dialysate solution within the dialyzer thereby even further reducing the efficiency of the dialyzer.
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved dialyzer and method of operation. Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent on a reading of the entire specification, including the drawings and claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a method of waste containing blood flow dialysis comprising: tangentially admitting blood into a dialyzer blood inlet chamber; passing said blood from said blood inlet chamber into and through a plurality of similarly spirally oriented semipermeable tubules packed between the dialyzer housing and a central dialyzer core; passing blood wastes through the walls of said tubules into said dialysate; passing the treated blood from said tubules into a dialyzer blood outlet chamber;
longitudinally restraining said tubules between said dialyzer blood inlet chamber and said blood outlet chamber; tangentially removing said treated blood from a dialyzer blood outlet chamber; radially distributing a fresh dialysate about the exterior of said tubules; passing in a generally spirally manner said dialysate along the exterior of said tubules; and radially remov-ing said dialysate and blood wastes from said dialyzer.
This invention also provides a helical flow dialyzer comprising:
a dialyzer housing disposed about a central core, said core including a tubular dialysate inlet and a tubular dialysate outlet, both said dialysate inlet and outlet being provided with a plurality of apertures and being joined by a cyl mdrical section of said central core for preventing dialysate flow through said cylindrical portion and for forcing dialysate flow through said apertures of said dialysate inlet and outlet; an annular blood inlet chamber and an annular blood outlet chamber formed within said dialyzer housing about said tubular dialysate inlet and outlet, respectively, said inlet chamber having a tangential inlet nozzle and said outlet chamber having a tangential outlet nozzle; a belt made up of similarly helically oriented semipermeable - :
- 2 -: ~ -- , - . - .: :
~oszsls tubules, wrapped about said central core, opposed ends of said tubule belt being secured in an annular ring of potting compound formed about a portion of said dialysate inlet and outlet such that said dialysate inlet and outlet apertures are located within an enclosure formed by said dialyzer housingJ said central core and said annular potting rings, said annular rings forming a portion of said blood inlet and blood outlet chambersJ
said ends of said hollow fibers passing through said annular rings for communication with said blood inlet and outlet chambers; and a compression means positioned near the juncture of said dialysate inlet and said central core cylindrical portion between said dialyzer housing and said central core and about said tubules for increasing the packing density of said tubules in the area adjacent said compression means. The tubules preferably have a packing density of between about 20% and about 50%J and more preferably between about 25% and about 35%. This increased packing density allows for more uniform distribution of the dialysate solution.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS - ~-.
Figures 1 and 3 are partial cross-sectional views illustrating ~ ~
the device of this invention. ~-Figure 2 is a pictorial view illustrating the device of this invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic drawing illustrating a prior art device.
Figure 5 is a schematic drawing illustrating the device of this invention. `~
Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the device of this invention. `
Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the definition of the term "packing density" as used to describe the device of this invention.
-2a-,:- ~ .,. - ,, . :
~09ZS15 DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
ReferrinB now to Figure 1, the dialyzer, generally referred to as 1, and its method of operation will be discussed. The dialyzer 1 includes a dialyzer housing 3 disposed about a central core 5. The core 5 has a dialysate inlet 7 and a dialysate outlet 9. The dialysate inlet 7 and out-let 9 are provided with a plurality of apertures 11 and 13, respectively, positioned ad~acent a point where the dialysate inlet and outlet about a cylindrical section 15 of the central core 5 which prevents the dialysate `
flow from passing through the cylindrical portion 15 of the central core 5 and forces the dialysate to flow outward through apertures 11 and into aper-tures 13 prior to exiting the dialyzer 1 at the dialysate outlet 9.
The dialyzer 1 is further defined as including a tangential blood inlet 17 and a tangential blood outlet 19. A blood inlet chamber 21 is formed between the dialyzer cap 4, the exterior of the tubular dialysate in-let 7 and a suitable potting compound 23 within which a number of hollow fiber tubules 25 are secured. Similarly, the annular blood outlet chamber 27 is bounded by dialysate cap 6, the exterior of the tubular portion of the ;~ :
dialysate outlet 9 and potting compound 23 within which the tubules 25 are secured ad~acent the blood outlet;chamber 27. . .
As shown in Figure 2, a plurality of similarly curved and spirally oriented semipermeable hollow fiber tubules 25 are wrapped about the central core 5 such that their opposed ends may be secured in an annular ring of potting compound 23. The front and rear ends of the tubules 25 are pref-erably manufactured such that they have a rounded edge in order to prevent blood trauma upon entrance and exit from the dialyzer 1.
As the thickness of the annular ring of layers of tubules 25 in-creases as the wrapping continues, tubules 25 nearer the central core 5 are spiralled more than those more toward the outside of the wrap. This pro- -~
duces a nonparallel tubule relationship which increases flow shear as be- :
tween adjacent layers of tubule wrap and promotes dialysate distribution lO9ZS15 and flow about the tubules 25 and transrer across the tubules.
Dialysate outlet apertures 11 are thus positioned between a front face 29 of the cylindrical portion 15 of the central core 5 and the annular ring of potting compound 23. Similarly, the dialysate outlet apertures 13 are positioned between a rear face 31 of the cylindrical portion 15 of the central core 5 and the annular ring of potting compound 23 located at the blood outlet of the tubules 25.
Preferably, a compression means such as an inner flange 33 is positioned near the juncture of the dialysate inlet apertures 11 and the ~;
central core cylindrical portion 15 in order to increase the packing density of the tubules 25 in the area of the compression means. The tubules 25 are ~ `
separated from each other and having a packing density of between about 20% ~; `
and about 50%, and preferably between about 25% and about 35%. The packing density of the tubules at the flange means 33 is greater than that of the ~
packing density of the bàlance of the tubules' leneth, and may be as high ~ -as 100%. ;-Referring now to Figure 7, the term "packing density" as utilized in this disclosure will be explained. Figure 7 shows a plurality of tubules :
. : .
25 arranged in contieuous relationship such that each tubule is touching the -~
20 other tubules adjacent it. Such a configuration produces a number o~ voids designated as 50 in Figure 7, due to the generally oval configuration of the tubules 25. If the tubules are compressed beyond the configuration of Fig-ure 7, the tubules will be deformed. Accordingly, the contiguous relation- -ship illustrated in Figure 7 is defined as illustrating a packing density of 100%. The packing densities referred to in this disclosure are defined rel- ~-ative to the 100% packing density configuration shown in Figure 7.
Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, the method of making such a dialyzer will be discussed. A plurality of tubules 25 are configured in a mat or belt 35 wherein the individual tubules 25 have fiber 37 interwoven 30 within the tubules 25 in order tomaintain their lateral spacing. The bèlt 109:i~515 or mat 35 is then wrapped about the central core 5 and a cylinder 39 having an external diameter approximately equal to that of the cylindrical portion 15 of the core 5. When the last layer of mat or belt 35 has been wrapped about the core 5~ the 'cubules may be held in place temporarily by means of an adhesive strip 33. Member 39 is held in place about the tubular portion of the dialysate inlet by means of a keyway slot 41 which engages a key 43 -along exterior of the tubular dialysate inlet 7. As shown in Figure 3, a cap member (not shown) may then be placed about each end of the dialyzer 1 engaging the ends of the tubules 25. A'potting compound is then inserted into and about the area surrounding the tubules 25 between the cap member and the exterior of the tubular dialyzer inlet and outlet 7 and 9, respec- ;
tively. Preferably, the potting compound consists of a liquid resin which sets upon exposure to air and/or heat. The dialyzer assembly 1 is then ro-tated about its axis in order to urge the potting compound through centri-fugal force to each end of the dialyzer assemblyl. After the potting compound is set up, the ends of the assembly are partially cut as shown by line 47 in order to produce the outward faces 49 and 51 of the annular rings of potting compound 23.
Referring now to Figures 4 and 5, the advantages of the curved con-figuratlon of the tubules 25 will be discussed in detail. Figure 4 shows a number of tubules securea at each end in the configuration typical of prior dialyzer applications. The dotted lines ~'indicate possible movement of the tubules upon expansion. In contrast, Figure 5 illustrates movement due to expansion, again shown as dotted lines, of tubules which are arranged in a curved configuration. As may be seen in Figure 5, each of the tubules ex-pands in the same direction due to the fact that the tubules are predisposed to move in such a direction by means of the initial curvature of the tub-u~es. While Figures 4 and 5 illustrate movement in two planes, it is to be understood that the spiral or helix configuration of the tubules 25 as shown ~' in Figures 1 and 2 produce a three-dimensional predetermined configuration ~
...... .. ... . . . .
lO9Z515 and allow for the tubules to move in expansion or contraction in a predeter-mined spaced apart relationship.
While an embodiment and application of this invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications are possible without departing from the inventive concepts described herein. This invention, therefore, is not to be restricted or limited save by the claims appended hereto.
-- 6 _ - ' :
, . . . . .. , , . , . . , ~ :
~oszsls tubules, wrapped about said central core, opposed ends of said tubule belt being secured in an annular ring of potting compound formed about a portion of said dialysate inlet and outlet such that said dialysate inlet and outlet apertures are located within an enclosure formed by said dialyzer housingJ said central core and said annular potting rings, said annular rings forming a portion of said blood inlet and blood outlet chambersJ
said ends of said hollow fibers passing through said annular rings for communication with said blood inlet and outlet chambers; and a compression means positioned near the juncture of said dialysate inlet and said central core cylindrical portion between said dialyzer housing and said central core and about said tubules for increasing the packing density of said tubules in the area adjacent said compression means. The tubules preferably have a packing density of between about 20% and about 50%J and more preferably between about 25% and about 35%. This increased packing density allows for more uniform distribution of the dialysate solution.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS - ~-.
Figures 1 and 3 are partial cross-sectional views illustrating ~ ~
the device of this invention. ~-Figure 2 is a pictorial view illustrating the device of this invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic drawing illustrating a prior art device.
Figure 5 is a schematic drawing illustrating the device of this invention. `~
Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the device of this invention. `
Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the definition of the term "packing density" as used to describe the device of this invention.
-2a-,:- ~ .,. - ,, . :
~09ZS15 DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
ReferrinB now to Figure 1, the dialyzer, generally referred to as 1, and its method of operation will be discussed. The dialyzer 1 includes a dialyzer housing 3 disposed about a central core 5. The core 5 has a dialysate inlet 7 and a dialysate outlet 9. The dialysate inlet 7 and out-let 9 are provided with a plurality of apertures 11 and 13, respectively, positioned ad~acent a point where the dialysate inlet and outlet about a cylindrical section 15 of the central core 5 which prevents the dialysate `
flow from passing through the cylindrical portion 15 of the central core 5 and forces the dialysate to flow outward through apertures 11 and into aper-tures 13 prior to exiting the dialyzer 1 at the dialysate outlet 9.
The dialyzer 1 is further defined as including a tangential blood inlet 17 and a tangential blood outlet 19. A blood inlet chamber 21 is formed between the dialyzer cap 4, the exterior of the tubular dialysate in-let 7 and a suitable potting compound 23 within which a number of hollow fiber tubules 25 are secured. Similarly, the annular blood outlet chamber 27 is bounded by dialysate cap 6, the exterior of the tubular portion of the ;~ :
dialysate outlet 9 and potting compound 23 within which the tubules 25 are secured ad~acent the blood outlet;chamber 27. . .
As shown in Figure 2, a plurality of similarly curved and spirally oriented semipermeable hollow fiber tubules 25 are wrapped about the central core 5 such that their opposed ends may be secured in an annular ring of potting compound 23. The front and rear ends of the tubules 25 are pref-erably manufactured such that they have a rounded edge in order to prevent blood trauma upon entrance and exit from the dialyzer 1.
As the thickness of the annular ring of layers of tubules 25 in-creases as the wrapping continues, tubules 25 nearer the central core 5 are spiralled more than those more toward the outside of the wrap. This pro- -~
duces a nonparallel tubule relationship which increases flow shear as be- :
tween adjacent layers of tubule wrap and promotes dialysate distribution lO9ZS15 and flow about the tubules 25 and transrer across the tubules.
Dialysate outlet apertures 11 are thus positioned between a front face 29 of the cylindrical portion 15 of the central core 5 and the annular ring of potting compound 23. Similarly, the dialysate outlet apertures 13 are positioned between a rear face 31 of the cylindrical portion 15 of the central core 5 and the annular ring of potting compound 23 located at the blood outlet of the tubules 25.
Preferably, a compression means such as an inner flange 33 is positioned near the juncture of the dialysate inlet apertures 11 and the ~;
central core cylindrical portion 15 in order to increase the packing density of the tubules 25 in the area of the compression means. The tubules 25 are ~ `
separated from each other and having a packing density of between about 20% ~; `
and about 50%, and preferably between about 25% and about 35%. The packing density of the tubules at the flange means 33 is greater than that of the ~
packing density of the bàlance of the tubules' leneth, and may be as high ~ -as 100%. ;-Referring now to Figure 7, the term "packing density" as utilized in this disclosure will be explained. Figure 7 shows a plurality of tubules :
. : .
25 arranged in contieuous relationship such that each tubule is touching the -~
20 other tubules adjacent it. Such a configuration produces a number o~ voids designated as 50 in Figure 7, due to the generally oval configuration of the tubules 25. If the tubules are compressed beyond the configuration of Fig-ure 7, the tubules will be deformed. Accordingly, the contiguous relation- -ship illustrated in Figure 7 is defined as illustrating a packing density of 100%. The packing densities referred to in this disclosure are defined rel- ~-ative to the 100% packing density configuration shown in Figure 7.
Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, the method of making such a dialyzer will be discussed. A plurality of tubules 25 are configured in a mat or belt 35 wherein the individual tubules 25 have fiber 37 interwoven 30 within the tubules 25 in order tomaintain their lateral spacing. The bèlt 109:i~515 or mat 35 is then wrapped about the central core 5 and a cylinder 39 having an external diameter approximately equal to that of the cylindrical portion 15 of the core 5. When the last layer of mat or belt 35 has been wrapped about the core 5~ the 'cubules may be held in place temporarily by means of an adhesive strip 33. Member 39 is held in place about the tubular portion of the dialysate inlet by means of a keyway slot 41 which engages a key 43 -along exterior of the tubular dialysate inlet 7. As shown in Figure 3, a cap member (not shown) may then be placed about each end of the dialyzer 1 engaging the ends of the tubules 25. A'potting compound is then inserted into and about the area surrounding the tubules 25 between the cap member and the exterior of the tubular dialyzer inlet and outlet 7 and 9, respec- ;
tively. Preferably, the potting compound consists of a liquid resin which sets upon exposure to air and/or heat. The dialyzer assembly 1 is then ro-tated about its axis in order to urge the potting compound through centri-fugal force to each end of the dialyzer assemblyl. After the potting compound is set up, the ends of the assembly are partially cut as shown by line 47 in order to produce the outward faces 49 and 51 of the annular rings of potting compound 23.
Referring now to Figures 4 and 5, the advantages of the curved con-figuratlon of the tubules 25 will be discussed in detail. Figure 4 shows a number of tubules securea at each end in the configuration typical of prior dialyzer applications. The dotted lines ~'indicate possible movement of the tubules upon expansion. In contrast, Figure 5 illustrates movement due to expansion, again shown as dotted lines, of tubules which are arranged in a curved configuration. As may be seen in Figure 5, each of the tubules ex-pands in the same direction due to the fact that the tubules are predisposed to move in such a direction by means of the initial curvature of the tub-u~es. While Figures 4 and 5 illustrate movement in two planes, it is to be understood that the spiral or helix configuration of the tubules 25 as shown ~' in Figures 1 and 2 produce a three-dimensional predetermined configuration ~
...... .. ... . . . .
lO9Z515 and allow for the tubules to move in expansion or contraction in a predeter-mined spaced apart relationship.
While an embodiment and application of this invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications are possible without departing from the inventive concepts described herein. This invention, therefore, is not to be restricted or limited save by the claims appended hereto.
-- 6 _ - ' :
, . . . . .. , , . , . . , ~ :
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of waste containing blood flow dialysis com-prising: tangentially admitting blood into a dialyzer blood inlet chamber; passing said blood from said blood inlet chamber into and through a plurality of similarly spirally oriented semipermeable tubules packed between the dialyzer housing and a central dialyzer core; passing blood wastes through the walls of said tubules into said dialysate; passing the treated blood from said tubules into a dialyzer blood outlet chamber; longi-tudinally restraining said tubules between said dialyzer blood inlet chamber and said blood outlet chamber; tangentially removing said treated blood from a dialyzer blood outlet chamber;
radially distributing a fresh dialysate about the exterior of said tubules; passing in a generally spirally manner said dia-lysate along the exterior of said tubules; and radially removing said dialysate and blood wastes from said dialyzer.
radially distributing a fresh dialysate about the exterior of said tubules; passing in a generally spirally manner said dia-lysate along the exterior of said tubules; and radially removing said dialysate and blood wastes from said dialyzer.
2. A helical flow dialyzer comprising: a dialyzer housing disposed about a central core, said core including a tubular dialysate inlet and a tubular dialysate outlet, both said dialysate inlet and outlet being provided with a plurality of apertures and being joined by a cylindrical section of said central core for preventing dialysate flow through said cylin-drical portion and for forcing dialysate flow through said apertures of said dialysate inlet and outlet; an annular blood inlet chamber and an annular blood outlet chamber formed with-in said dialyzer housing about said tubular dialysate inlet and outlet, respectively, said inlet chamber having a tangen-tial inlet nozzle and said outlet chamber having a tangential outlet nozzle; a belt made up of similarly helically oriented semipermeable tubules, wrapped about said central core, opposed ends of said tubule belt being secured in an annular ring of potting compound formed about a portion of said dialysate inlet and outlet such that said dialysate inlet and outlet apertures are located within an enclosure formed by said dialyzer housing, said central core and said annular potting rings, said annular rings forming a portion of said blood inlet and blood outlet chambers, said ends of said hollow fibers passing through said annular rings for communication with said blood inlet and outlet chambers; and a compression means positioned near the juncture of said dialysate inlet and said central core cylindrical portion between said dialyzer housing and said central core and about said tubules for increasing the packing density of said tubules in the area adjacent said compression means.
3. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein said tubules are further defined as having a packing density of between about 20% and 50%.
4. The helical flow dialyzer claimed in claim 2 wherein said tubules are further defined as having a packing density of between about 20% and 50%.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70807476A | 1976-07-23 | 1976-07-23 | |
| US708,074 | 1976-07-23 | ||
| US81345577A | 1977-07-07 | 1977-07-07 | |
| US813,455 | 1977-07-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1092515A true CA1092515A (en) | 1980-12-30 |
Family
ID=27108012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA283,168A Expired CA1092515A (en) | 1976-07-23 | 1977-07-20 | Dialyzer and method of dialysis |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5331397A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7704847A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1092515A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2733280A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2358910A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB1589735A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1114903B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10973972B2 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2021-04-13 | B. Braun Avitum Ag | Blood treatment machine comprising a hollow fiber filter module for horizontal arrangement as well as hollow fiber filter module and use thereof |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2660630C2 (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1984-05-17 | Fresenius AG, 6380 Bad Homburg | Hollow fiber dialyzer |
| DE2646358C2 (en) | 1976-10-14 | 1982-05-13 | Dr. Eduard Fresenius, Chemisch-pharmazeutische Industrie KG Apparatebau KG, 6380 Bad Homburg | Hollow fiber dialyzer |
| US4315819A (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1982-02-16 | Monsanto Company | Hollow fiber permeator apparatus |
| DE2966828D1 (en) * | 1979-07-11 | 1984-04-26 | Du Pont | Apparatus with expandable tube bundle |
| US4425234A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1984-01-10 | Hospal Ltd. | Hollow fiber separatory device |
| EP0046015B1 (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1985-08-21 | Albany International Corp. | Method for impregnating the end of a rigid tubular bundle of hollow separatory fibres with potting compound and subsequently opening the ends of the hollow fibres within the potting compound |
| DE3149423A1 (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1983-07-21 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Dialysis device for dialysing a liquid |
| JPS6017861U (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1985-02-06 | 安田株式会社 | metal sliding door pull |
| DE8527694U1 (en) * | 1985-04-27 | 1987-02-19 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Mass and/or heat exchangers |
| DE3611621A1 (en) * | 1985-04-27 | 1986-10-30 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Mass transfer unit and/or heat exchanger |
| DE3636583A1 (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1988-05-05 | Draegerwerk Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HOLLOW FIBER FABRIC EXCHANGE MODULE AND MODULE PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD |
| DE3831786A1 (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-03-29 | Akzo Gmbh | FABRIC AND / OR HEAT EXCHANGER |
| JPH0614965B2 (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1994-03-02 | テルモ株式会社 | Oxygenator |
| DE19857850C2 (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2003-02-06 | Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh | filter means |
| DK2996797T3 (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2017-11-13 | Scott P Yaeger | SPIRAL WIRED CURRENT FILTER FOR PERMEAT SIDE CURRENT |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL136034C (en) * | 1965-12-22 | |||
| FR1508189A (en) * | 1966-11-16 | 1968-01-05 | Rech S Tech & Ind S R T I S A | tubular membrane heat exchanger with a high exchange surface area-to-volume ratio, in particular for medical applications |
| US3536611A (en) * | 1967-02-06 | 1970-10-27 | Abcor Inc | Membrane device and method |
| US3728256A (en) * | 1971-06-22 | 1973-04-17 | Abcor Inc | Crossflow capillary dialyzer |
| JPS5221326Y2 (en) * | 1972-08-24 | 1977-05-16 | ||
| JPS4955569A (en) * | 1972-10-03 | 1974-05-29 | ||
| US4001110A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1977-01-04 | Chemotronics International, Inc. | Method for the thermal treatment of tubular dialysis units and improved units resulting therefrom |
| NL7602881A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1976-05-31 | Organon Teknika Bv | Selective diffusion separator - using semipermeable membranes particularly for haemodialysis |
| US4219426A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1980-08-26 | Organon Teknika B.V. | Dialysis device |
| FR2351041A1 (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1977-12-09 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | HOLLOW FIBER APPARATUS |
| DE2646358C2 (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1982-05-13 | Dr. Eduard Fresenius, Chemisch-pharmazeutische Industrie KG Apparatebau KG, 6380 Bad Homburg | Hollow fiber dialyzer |
| JPS5348976A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1978-05-02 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | Mass transfer apparatus of hollow fiber type |
| FR2374932A1 (en) * | 1976-12-24 | 1978-07-21 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | HOLLOW FIBER APPARATUS, USABLE IN PARTICULAR AS AN ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY |
| US4201673A (en) * | 1977-07-04 | 1980-05-06 | Terumo Corporation | Apparatus for dialysis of solution |
-
1977
- 1977-07-20 CA CA283,168A patent/CA1092515A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-20 GB GB5354/80A patent/GB1589735A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-20 GB GB18230/77A patent/GB1589734A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-22 IT IT26031/77A patent/IT1114903B/en active
- 1977-07-22 BR BR7704847A patent/BR7704847A/en unknown
- 1977-07-22 FR FR7722643A patent/FR2358910A1/en active Granted
- 1977-07-22 JP JP8826777A patent/JPS5331397A/en active Granted
- 1977-07-22 DE DE19772733280 patent/DE2733280A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10973972B2 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2021-04-13 | B. Braun Avitum Ag | Blood treatment machine comprising a hollow fiber filter module for horizontal arrangement as well as hollow fiber filter module and use thereof |
| US11554201B2 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2023-01-17 | B. Braun Avitum Ag | Blood treatment machine comprising a hollow fiber filter module for horizontal arrangement as well as hollow fiber filter module and use thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7704847A (en) | 1978-04-04 |
| JPS5331397A (en) | 1978-03-24 |
| FR2358910A1 (en) | 1978-02-17 |
| FR2358910B1 (en) | 1984-05-18 |
| DE2733280A1 (en) | 1978-01-26 |
| GB1589735A (en) | 1981-05-20 |
| JPS5652584B2 (en) | 1981-12-12 |
| GB1589734A (en) | 1981-05-20 |
| IT1114903B (en) | 1986-02-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |