CA1079058A - Coating apparatus - Google Patents
Coating apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1079058A CA1079058A CA247,354A CA247354A CA1079058A CA 1079058 A CA1079058 A CA 1079058A CA 247354 A CA247354 A CA 247354A CA 1079058 A CA1079058 A CA 1079058A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- roll
- gravure
- coating
- thermally stable
- inorganic material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
- D21H23/52—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with a device carrying the material
- D21H23/56—Rolls
- D21H23/58—Details thereof, e.g. surface characteristics, peripheral speed
- D21H23/62—Reverse roll coating, i.e. applicator roll surface moving in direction opposite to that of the paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
- B41C1/00—Forme preparation
- B41C1/18—Curved printing formes or printing cylinders
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/0005—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating
- D21H5/0025—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by contact with a device carrying the treating material
- D21H5/003—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by contact with a device carrying the treating material with a roller
- D21H5/0032—Details thereof, e.g. surface characteristics, peripheral speed
- D21H5/0037—Reverse roll coating, e.g. applicator surface moving in direction opposite to that of paper
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A gravure coating roll for use with apparatus for coating a web of paper or other sheet material, particularly for applying coatings at low wet coatweights of silicone compo-sitions applicable in their natural liquid state without the use of a solvent, has a gravure surface applied by bombarding a substrate roll with thermally softened or molten particles of a thermally stable inorganic material thereby to form a wear-resistant inorganic coating which is bonded to the substrate roll.
A gravure coating roll for use with apparatus for coating a web of paper or other sheet material, particularly for applying coatings at low wet coatweights of silicone compo-sitions applicable in their natural liquid state without the use of a solvent, has a gravure surface applied by bombarding a substrate roll with thermally softened or molten particles of a thermally stable inorganic material thereby to form a wear-resistant inorganic coating which is bonded to the substrate roll.
Description
This invention relates to a gravure coating roll, and to a gravure coating apparatus incorporating such a roll.
Gravure coating rolls generally have a cellular surface and are arranged to rotate over a fountain applicator or in a bath of coating composition. The cells on the roll thereby become filled with coating composition Excess coating composition is doctored off, so that the rolls apply a precise coatweight, either to a web to be coated, or in an offset apparatus, to an applicator roll.
Conventional gravure rolls are generally of steel The gravure surface may be applied by phot~-etching, in which case the roll may be copper-plated so as to permit acid etching. Photo-etching however has the disadvantage of being expensive. Production of gravure surfaces by grit-blasting has therefore also been proposed.
Both photo-etched and grit-blasted gravure rolls tend to wear in use. Consequently, if a very low wet coatweight is being applied, it is necessary to adjust the coating head settings during a coating run,of say 200 hours. This ia a time-consuming and inconvenient procedure. Moreover, precise adjustment to compensate for wear is very difficult, and consequently, coatweight variations may unavoidably occur.
This is important when coating, for example, silicone release materials of the so-called solventless type. For economic reasons it is essential to use the minimum possible coatweight.
For practical reasons it is important to ensure complete coverage of the surface to be coated, as otherwise there will not be an even release over the whole surface. The coating of silicone release materials will be discussed in more detail he~eafter.
Gravure coating rolls generally have a cellular surface and are arranged to rotate over a fountain applicator or in a bath of coating composition. The cells on the roll thereby become filled with coating composition Excess coating composition is doctored off, so that the rolls apply a precise coatweight, either to a web to be coated, or in an offset apparatus, to an applicator roll.
Conventional gravure rolls are generally of steel The gravure surface may be applied by phot~-etching, in which case the roll may be copper-plated so as to permit acid etching. Photo-etching however has the disadvantage of being expensive. Production of gravure surfaces by grit-blasting has therefore also been proposed.
Both photo-etched and grit-blasted gravure rolls tend to wear in use. Consequently, if a very low wet coatweight is being applied, it is necessary to adjust the coating head settings during a coating run,of say 200 hours. This ia a time-consuming and inconvenient procedure. Moreover, precise adjustment to compensate for wear is very difficult, and consequently, coatweight variations may unavoidably occur.
This is important when coating, for example, silicone release materials of the so-called solventless type. For economic reasons it is essential to use the minimum possible coatweight.
For practical reasons it is important to ensure complete coverage of the surface to be coated, as otherwise there will not be an even release over the whole surface. The coating of silicone release materials will be discussed in more detail he~eafter.
-2-~079058 Low wear resistance is also disadvantageous in other respects. From time to time the gravure roll must be replaced for fresh etching or grit-blastmng. The time taken in changing rolls represents lost production, and hence is veryeexpensive. Moreover, the need for regular roll-changing means that a supply of spare rolls must be kept. This represents capital tied up in equipment which is only used periodically.
The problem of wear of gravure rolls has been recognised for some time, and various proposals have been made to overcome it. For example, I.S. Patent No. 3 924 313 to Broderick proposes that the gravure roll should be flame hardened before being etched. This proposal has the disadvantage that it still requires an expensive photo-etching step. In addition, it also re~uires an expensive flame hardening step.
It has also been proposed that the gravure roll should be chrome plated onee it has been photo-etched or grit-blasted. This has not proved wholly satisfactory, since only a very thin coating can be applied if the cells forming the gravure surface are not to be filled up. The very thin coating which can be applied does not afford sufficient wear resistance.
It has now been found that a hard wear-resistan~
gravure roll can be produced in a single operation without the need for separate hardening and gravure-surface production step.s According to a first aspect of the invention, there is ~ --provided a gravure coating roll comprising a substrate roll to which the gravure 10'79058 surface has been applied by bombarding the substrate roll with thermally softened or molten particles of a thermally stable inorganic material, thereby to form a wear-resistant inorganic material which is bonded to the substrate roll.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for coating a web of paper or other sheet material including a gravure roll which comprises a substrate roll to which a gravure surface has been applied by bombarding the substrate roll with thermally softened or molten particles of a thermally stable inorganic material, thereby to form a wear-resistant inorganic coating which is bonded to the substrate roll.
A bombardment technique as described above is in fact a known technique for applying inorganic coatings to various articles, but it has not hitherto been appreciated that such a coating constitutes an excellent gravure surface for applying liquid -: . . . .
- .: -.
10790~8 coatings at low wet coatweights. It is unnecessary to treat the inorganic coating further in order to provide the gravure surface, as has hitherto been found necessary.
The roughness of the applied coating may be varied by suitable choice of the thermally stable inorganic coating.
This in turn means that gravure rolls can be produced for applying a wide range of wet coatweights.
The bombardment may be carried out, for example, using a so-called detonation gun or a plasma torch.
When using a detonation gun, a preferred mode of -operation is to pressure feed precisely measured quantities of oxygen, acetylene and suspended particles of powdered coating material into the chamber of the gun. The mixture is then ignited by a timed spark plug, and the resultant detonation hurls the coating particles, which by now are in a plastic state, out of the gun barrel at a speed in the region of 2500 ft/sec. The substrate roll is positioned at a suitable distance, for example 5-10 cm, from the end of the barrel. The coating particles are thought to become embedded in the surface of the substrate roll.
The temperature in the gun is thought to be of the order of 3400C, but since the flame at this temperature never actually contacts the substrate roll, the roll does not approach this temperature, which would damage the roll. The roll is preferably maintained below about 200C by suitable cooling techniques.
It is thought that on impact the coating particles flatten out to produce a coating which is laminar in structure, and which has a high bond strength and low porosity.
- ' " .
The detonations described above are repeat~d frequently, for example at a rate of up to about 8 times a second, and the successive detonations build up the coating to the desired thickness.
When a plasma torch is employed, the coating particles are entrained in a high velocity stream of inert gas that can be maintained at temperatures above about 15,000C by means of an internal or non-transferred electric arc. In contrast to the detonation gun technique just described, ~ -combustion does not actually take place.
The hot gas stream melts the coating particles and accelerates them to high velocity, and when they strike the substrate roll, they impact to form a dense high purity layer.
The bond between the substrate roll and the coating produced by both the a~orementioned techniques is thought to be both mechanical and metallurgical in nature. The bond strength is so great that so far as is known conventional bond-strength measuring techniques are inadequate for measuring it. However, the bond strength is thought to be in excess of 700 kg/cm2.
The bombardment technique can in principle be used to apply a coating of any inorganic solid material which will melt or at least soften without decomposition. Examples of coating compositions which may be employed to produce the -~
present gravure roll include: tungsten carbide with optional additions of cobalt, e,g. 9 to 10% cobalt; tungsten carbide with additions~30f nickel and chromium carbide; chromium carbide with optional additions of nickel chrome, e.g. from 15-25% nickel chrome; chromium oxide with optional addltions of aluminium oxide, e.g. 20% aluminium oxide, or of 40% chrome;
, - .: . , , ~ , - ................ . .
.. . . .
~079058 and aluminium oxide with optional additions of titanium oxide.
Once the coatings have been deposited, they can be mechanically treated, but the coating in its rough as deposited state has been found to be a satisfactory gravure surface. Further treatment would increase the cost of the roll. Nevertheless, the coating may be machined if desired, provided of course that the treatment is not such as to eliminate the gravure properties of the surface.
Although the present gravure roll is generally suitable for use in gravure coating apparatus, particularly for applying low wet coatweights, we have found that it is particularly suitable when used in the gravure coating apparatus described in British Patent No. 1 404 616. Such an apparatus, which will be more fully described hereafter, comprises a gravure ro~l, a transfer roll, an applicator roll, and a backing roll, the gravure roll being arranged to apply a predetermined amount of a liquid coating material ;
to the transfer roll, and the applicator roll being driven in contact with~ independently of, and in the same sense as the transfer roll, the backing roll heing mounted for rotation in the same sense as the applicator roll and forming a nip therewith through which a web of material to be coated is passed in use.
In order to enable the invention to be more readily understood, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example an embodiment thereof, and in which:-Fig. 1 shows a gravure roll according to the invention when installed in a gravure coating apparatus; and Fig. 2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating how the present gravure roll is produced.
Referring first to Fig. 1, a gravure coating apparatus comprises a gravure roll 1 having a gravure surface 2 which has been applied by bombarding a substrate roll with thermally softened or molten particles of tungsten carbide with a 9% addition of cobalt. The roll 1 dips into a coating composition 4 contained in a bath 3, and excess coating composition picked up by the gravure roll 1 is removed by a doctor blade 5. A rubber coated transfer roll 6 is positioned in surface contact with the gravure roll 1, and is drive to rotate in an opposite sense to the gravure roll 1. The gravure roll 1 is driven by contact with the transfer roll 6. The transfer roll 6 receives the coating from the gravure roll 1, and in turn transfers it to an applicator roll 7 which is positioned above the transfer roll 6 and is independently driven to rotate in the same sense as the transfer roll 6. A rubber covered backing roll 10 is positioned above the applicator roll 7 and maintains the web 10 in contact with the roll 7.
The backing roll 10 is driven in the same sense as the applicator and transfer rolls 7 and 6. As the web 11 passes between the backing roll and the applicator roll, the lower surface of the web (as viewed in Fig.l) receives the coating.
Referring now to Fig. 2, a metal substrate roll 21 to be coated is positioned at a suitable spacing (e.g. 5 to 10 cm) from a bombarding device 22 which may be for example a detonation gun or a plasma torch as described hereinbefore.
.
A stream 23 of thermally softened or moltenr~particles of inorganic coating material, for example tungsten carbide with a 9% addition of cobalt, emanates from the bombarding device and impinges on the surface of the substrate roll 21. By suitably rotating anddmoving the substrate roll 21, a coating of even depth can be applied over the whole extent of the intended gravure surface of the roll.
The present gravure roll is particularly suited to the application of silicone coatings at low wet coatweights.
Conventionally, silicone coatings are applied to sheet material in solvent solution, and thus to get a low dry coatweight, a considerably greater wet coatweight has to be applied. The solvents ùsed present a problem in that :~
they tend to be serious pollutants, and so they have to be recovered, and this leads to extra expense in energy and capital equipment. Recently however, there have been made available silicone compositions which can be applied in their natural liquid state without the use of a solvent.
~or economic reaons, the coatweight of silicon applied must be low, and since no solvent is present, the wet coatweight is also low. Conventional gravure coating rolls made by a photo-etching technique have been found unsatisfactory for applying very low coatweights, in that they do not produce a sufficiently controlled coating. We have found that a more even coating pattern can be obtained using the present gravure roll. While the reasons for this have not been fully explored, it is thought that the proportion of the surface of the roll constituted by "valleys" in the gravure surface tas opposed to "hills") is greater in the present roll than in a conventional photo-etched roll.
The problem of wear of gravure rolls has been recognised for some time, and various proposals have been made to overcome it. For example, I.S. Patent No. 3 924 313 to Broderick proposes that the gravure roll should be flame hardened before being etched. This proposal has the disadvantage that it still requires an expensive photo-etching step. In addition, it also re~uires an expensive flame hardening step.
It has also been proposed that the gravure roll should be chrome plated onee it has been photo-etched or grit-blasted. This has not proved wholly satisfactory, since only a very thin coating can be applied if the cells forming the gravure surface are not to be filled up. The very thin coating which can be applied does not afford sufficient wear resistance.
It has now been found that a hard wear-resistan~
gravure roll can be produced in a single operation without the need for separate hardening and gravure-surface production step.s According to a first aspect of the invention, there is ~ --provided a gravure coating roll comprising a substrate roll to which the gravure 10'79058 surface has been applied by bombarding the substrate roll with thermally softened or molten particles of a thermally stable inorganic material, thereby to form a wear-resistant inorganic material which is bonded to the substrate roll.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for coating a web of paper or other sheet material including a gravure roll which comprises a substrate roll to which a gravure surface has been applied by bombarding the substrate roll with thermally softened or molten particles of a thermally stable inorganic material, thereby to form a wear-resistant inorganic coating which is bonded to the substrate roll.
A bombardment technique as described above is in fact a known technique for applying inorganic coatings to various articles, but it has not hitherto been appreciated that such a coating constitutes an excellent gravure surface for applying liquid -: . . . .
- .: -.
10790~8 coatings at low wet coatweights. It is unnecessary to treat the inorganic coating further in order to provide the gravure surface, as has hitherto been found necessary.
The roughness of the applied coating may be varied by suitable choice of the thermally stable inorganic coating.
This in turn means that gravure rolls can be produced for applying a wide range of wet coatweights.
The bombardment may be carried out, for example, using a so-called detonation gun or a plasma torch.
When using a detonation gun, a preferred mode of -operation is to pressure feed precisely measured quantities of oxygen, acetylene and suspended particles of powdered coating material into the chamber of the gun. The mixture is then ignited by a timed spark plug, and the resultant detonation hurls the coating particles, which by now are in a plastic state, out of the gun barrel at a speed in the region of 2500 ft/sec. The substrate roll is positioned at a suitable distance, for example 5-10 cm, from the end of the barrel. The coating particles are thought to become embedded in the surface of the substrate roll.
The temperature in the gun is thought to be of the order of 3400C, but since the flame at this temperature never actually contacts the substrate roll, the roll does not approach this temperature, which would damage the roll. The roll is preferably maintained below about 200C by suitable cooling techniques.
It is thought that on impact the coating particles flatten out to produce a coating which is laminar in structure, and which has a high bond strength and low porosity.
- ' " .
The detonations described above are repeat~d frequently, for example at a rate of up to about 8 times a second, and the successive detonations build up the coating to the desired thickness.
When a plasma torch is employed, the coating particles are entrained in a high velocity stream of inert gas that can be maintained at temperatures above about 15,000C by means of an internal or non-transferred electric arc. In contrast to the detonation gun technique just described, ~ -combustion does not actually take place.
The hot gas stream melts the coating particles and accelerates them to high velocity, and when they strike the substrate roll, they impact to form a dense high purity layer.
The bond between the substrate roll and the coating produced by both the a~orementioned techniques is thought to be both mechanical and metallurgical in nature. The bond strength is so great that so far as is known conventional bond-strength measuring techniques are inadequate for measuring it. However, the bond strength is thought to be in excess of 700 kg/cm2.
The bombardment technique can in principle be used to apply a coating of any inorganic solid material which will melt or at least soften without decomposition. Examples of coating compositions which may be employed to produce the -~
present gravure roll include: tungsten carbide with optional additions of cobalt, e,g. 9 to 10% cobalt; tungsten carbide with additions~30f nickel and chromium carbide; chromium carbide with optional additions of nickel chrome, e.g. from 15-25% nickel chrome; chromium oxide with optional addltions of aluminium oxide, e.g. 20% aluminium oxide, or of 40% chrome;
, - .: . , , ~ , - ................ . .
.. . . .
~079058 and aluminium oxide with optional additions of titanium oxide.
Once the coatings have been deposited, they can be mechanically treated, but the coating in its rough as deposited state has been found to be a satisfactory gravure surface. Further treatment would increase the cost of the roll. Nevertheless, the coating may be machined if desired, provided of course that the treatment is not such as to eliminate the gravure properties of the surface.
Although the present gravure roll is generally suitable for use in gravure coating apparatus, particularly for applying low wet coatweights, we have found that it is particularly suitable when used in the gravure coating apparatus described in British Patent No. 1 404 616. Such an apparatus, which will be more fully described hereafter, comprises a gravure ro~l, a transfer roll, an applicator roll, and a backing roll, the gravure roll being arranged to apply a predetermined amount of a liquid coating material ;
to the transfer roll, and the applicator roll being driven in contact with~ independently of, and in the same sense as the transfer roll, the backing roll heing mounted for rotation in the same sense as the applicator roll and forming a nip therewith through which a web of material to be coated is passed in use.
In order to enable the invention to be more readily understood, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example an embodiment thereof, and in which:-Fig. 1 shows a gravure roll according to the invention when installed in a gravure coating apparatus; and Fig. 2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating how the present gravure roll is produced.
Referring first to Fig. 1, a gravure coating apparatus comprises a gravure roll 1 having a gravure surface 2 which has been applied by bombarding a substrate roll with thermally softened or molten particles of tungsten carbide with a 9% addition of cobalt. The roll 1 dips into a coating composition 4 contained in a bath 3, and excess coating composition picked up by the gravure roll 1 is removed by a doctor blade 5. A rubber coated transfer roll 6 is positioned in surface contact with the gravure roll 1, and is drive to rotate in an opposite sense to the gravure roll 1. The gravure roll 1 is driven by contact with the transfer roll 6. The transfer roll 6 receives the coating from the gravure roll 1, and in turn transfers it to an applicator roll 7 which is positioned above the transfer roll 6 and is independently driven to rotate in the same sense as the transfer roll 6. A rubber covered backing roll 10 is positioned above the applicator roll 7 and maintains the web 10 in contact with the roll 7.
The backing roll 10 is driven in the same sense as the applicator and transfer rolls 7 and 6. As the web 11 passes between the backing roll and the applicator roll, the lower surface of the web (as viewed in Fig.l) receives the coating.
Referring now to Fig. 2, a metal substrate roll 21 to be coated is positioned at a suitable spacing (e.g. 5 to 10 cm) from a bombarding device 22 which may be for example a detonation gun or a plasma torch as described hereinbefore.
.
A stream 23 of thermally softened or moltenr~particles of inorganic coating material, for example tungsten carbide with a 9% addition of cobalt, emanates from the bombarding device and impinges on the surface of the substrate roll 21. By suitably rotating anddmoving the substrate roll 21, a coating of even depth can be applied over the whole extent of the intended gravure surface of the roll.
The present gravure roll is particularly suited to the application of silicone coatings at low wet coatweights.
Conventionally, silicone coatings are applied to sheet material in solvent solution, and thus to get a low dry coatweight, a considerably greater wet coatweight has to be applied. The solvents ùsed present a problem in that :~
they tend to be serious pollutants, and so they have to be recovered, and this leads to extra expense in energy and capital equipment. Recently however, there have been made available silicone compositions which can be applied in their natural liquid state without the use of a solvent.
~or economic reaons, the coatweight of silicon applied must be low, and since no solvent is present, the wet coatweight is also low. Conventional gravure coating rolls made by a photo-etching technique have been found unsatisfactory for applying very low coatweights, in that they do not produce a sufficiently controlled coating. We have found that a more even coating pattern can be obtained using the present gravure roll. While the reasons for this have not been fully explored, it is thought that the proportion of the surface of the roll constituted by "valleys" in the gravure surface tas opposed to "hills") is greater in the present roll than in a conventional photo-etched roll.
Claims (18)
1. A gravure coating roll comprising a substrate roll to which a gravure surface has been applied by bombarding the substrate roll with thermally softened of molten particles of a thermally stable inorganic material, thereby to form a wear-resistant inorganic coating which is bonded to the substrate roll.
2. A gravure coating roll as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the thermally stable inorganic material comprises tungsten carbide.
3. A gravure roll as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the tungsten carbide is mixed with cobalt, nickel and/or chromium carbide.
4. A gravure coating roll as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the thermally stable inorganic material comprises chromium carbide.
5. A gravure coating roll as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the chromium carbide is mixed with nickel chrome.
6, A gravure coating roll as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the thermally stable inorganic material comprises chromium oxide.
7. A gravure coating roll as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the chromium oxide is mixed with aluminium oxide or with chrome.
8. A gravure coating roll as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the thermally stable inorganic material comprises aluminium oxide.
9. A gravure coating roll as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the aluminium oxide is mixed with titanium oxide.
10. Apparatus for coating a web of paper or other sheet material including a gravure roll which comprises a substrate roll to which a gravure surface has been applied by bombarding the substrate roll with thermally softened or molten particles of a thermally stable inorganic material, thereby to form a wear-resistant inorganic coating which is bonded to the substrate roll.
11. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the thermally stable inorganic material comprises tungsten carbide.
12. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 11 wherein the tungsten carbide is mixed with cobalt, nickel and/or chromium carbide.
13. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the thermally stable inorganic material comprises chromium carbide.
14. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 13 wherein the chromium carbide is mixed with nickel chrome.
15. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the thermally stable inorganic material comprises chromium oxide.
16. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 15 wherein the chromium oxide is mixed with aluminium oxide or with chrome.
17. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the thermally stable inorganic material comprises aluminium oxide.
18. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 17 wherein the aluminium oxide is mixed with titanium oxide.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB978975A GB1472709A (en) | 1975-03-10 | 1975-03-10 | Coating apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1079058A true CA1079058A (en) | 1980-06-10 |
Family
ID=9878802
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA247,354A Expired CA1079058A (en) | 1975-03-10 | 1976-03-08 | Coating apparatus |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5834183B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE839358A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7601415A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1079058A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2609982C3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES445955A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2330464A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1472709A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1069361B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7602450A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ180262A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE429725B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA761497B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997038797A1 (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1997-10-23 | Btg Källe Inventing Ab | Device for application of glue on objects |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1104812A (en) * | 1976-03-23 | 1981-07-14 | Simon L. Chu | Web coating apparatus and method |
| JPS644275A (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1989-01-09 | Nissha Printing | Coating film forming device |
| NO175293C (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1994-10-05 | Gp Tinter As | paper coloring |
| DE20010388U1 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-10-11 | Timatec Maschinen Und Anlagenbau Gmbh, Velden | Device for applying substances to sheet material |
| JP6221818B2 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2017-11-01 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | Gravure coating equipment |
| AU2014394390B2 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2017-12-21 | Arcelormittal | Process for manufacturing a steel strip for packaging and associated equipment |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD3119A (en) * | ||||
| GB821335A (en) * | 1955-09-13 | 1959-10-07 | Air Reduction | Method and apparatus for metal spraying |
| AT199962B (en) * | 1956-08-07 | 1958-10-10 | Union Carbide Corp | Detonation device |
| GB1242850A (en) * | 1967-12-27 | 1971-08-11 | Courtaulds Ltd | Printing cylinder |
| FR1559253A (en) * | 1968-03-06 | 1969-03-07 | ||
| GB1404616A (en) * | 1972-11-27 | 1975-09-03 | Wiggins Teape Research Dev Ltd | Apparatus for applying a coating to a web of material |
| US3924313A (en) * | 1974-05-24 | 1975-12-09 | Standex Int Corp | Metal applicator roll |
-
1975
- 1975-03-10 GB GB978975A patent/GB1472709A/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-03-08 CA CA247,354A patent/CA1079058A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-09 BE BE164988A patent/BE839358A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-09 SE SE7603118A patent/SE429725B/en unknown
- 1976-03-09 NZ NZ180262A patent/NZ180262A/en unknown
- 1976-03-09 BR BR7601415A patent/BR7601415A/en unknown
- 1976-03-09 NL NL7602450A patent/NL7602450A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-03-09 FR FR7606635A patent/FR2330464A1/en active Granted
- 1976-03-10 ZA ZA761497A patent/ZA761497B/en unknown
- 1976-03-10 JP JP51026002A patent/JPS5834183B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-10 ES ES445955A patent/ES445955A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-10 IT IT12526/76A patent/IT1069361B/en active
- 1976-03-10 DE DE2609982A patent/DE2609982C3/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997038797A1 (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1997-10-23 | Btg Källe Inventing Ab | Device for application of glue on objects |
| US6193799B1 (en) | 1996-04-18 | 2001-02-27 | Btg Källe Inventing Ab | Device for application of glue on objects |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5834183B2 (en) | 1983-07-25 |
| BR7601415A (en) | 1976-09-14 |
| SE429725B (en) | 1983-09-26 |
| SE7603118L (en) | 1976-09-13 |
| ES445955A1 (en) | 1977-08-16 |
| NL7602450A (en) | 1976-09-14 |
| BE839358A (en) | 1976-09-09 |
| AU1182376A (en) | 1977-09-15 |
| DE2609982A1 (en) | 1976-09-23 |
| JPS51112848A (en) | 1976-10-05 |
| DE2609982B2 (en) | 1980-10-02 |
| ZA761497B (en) | 1977-10-26 |
| IT1069361B (en) | 1985-03-25 |
| DE2609982C3 (en) | 1981-05-14 |
| FR2330464A1 (en) | 1977-06-03 |
| NZ180262A (en) | 1978-06-20 |
| FR2330464B1 (en) | 1982-04-30 |
| GB1472709A (en) | 1977-05-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |