AU2001275097A1 - Gap welding process - Google Patents

Gap welding process

Info

Publication number
AU2001275097A1
AU2001275097A1 AU2001275097A AU7509701A AU2001275097A1 AU 2001275097 A1 AU2001275097 A1 AU 2001275097A1 AU 2001275097 A AU2001275097 A AU 2001275097A AU 7509701 A AU7509701 A AU 7509701A AU 2001275097 A1 AU2001275097 A1 AU 2001275097A1
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
welding process
gap welding
gap
welding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
AU2001275097A
Inventor
Richard L. Thelen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of AU2001275097A1 publication Critical patent/AU2001275097A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/0216Seam profiling, e.g. weaving, multilayer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K13/00Welding by high-frequency current heating
    • B23K13/01Welding by high-frequency current heating by induction heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/02Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0211Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track
    • B23K37/0235Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track the guide member forming part of a portal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/0213Narrow gap welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/12Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/12Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
    • B23K9/127Means for tracking lines during arc welding or cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/42Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine
    • G05B19/4202Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine preparation of the programme medium using a drawing, a model
    • G05B19/4207Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine preparation of the programme medium using a drawing, a model in which a model is traced or scanned and corresponding data recorded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/26Railway- or like rails
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/36Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
    • G05B2219/36407Follow path with probe, store deviations for correction during normal operation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37Measurements
    • G05B2219/37043Touch probe, store position of touch point on surface
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/40Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
    • G05B2219/40233Portable robot
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/45Nc applications
    • G05B2219/45104Lasrobot, welding robot

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
AU2001275097A 2000-06-02 2001-06-01 Gap welding process Abandoned AU2001275097A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20904000P 2000-06-02 2000-06-02
US60209040 2000-06-02
PCT/US2001/017702 WO2001095132A1 (en) 2000-06-02 2001-06-01 Gap welding process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU2001275097A1 true AU2001275097A1 (en) 2001-12-17

Family

ID=22777072

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2001275097A Abandoned AU2001275097A1 (en) 2000-06-02 2001-06-01 Gap welding process

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (3) US7123990B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1307824A4 (en)
AU (1) AU2001275097A1 (en)
CA (2) CA2413918A1 (en)
MX (2) MXPA02011908A (en)
WO (2) WO2001095132A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (58)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001095132A1 (en) 2000-06-02 2001-12-13 Thelen Richard L Gap welding process
US6747247B2 (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-06-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding-type power supply with a state-based controller
US7159753B2 (en) * 2003-08-19 2007-01-09 Autodesk, Inc. Wire body based welding representation
US7318011B2 (en) * 2003-08-29 2008-01-08 Autodesk, Inc. Facial characteristic based generation of fillet weld bead representation
US7206661B2 (en) * 2003-09-30 2007-04-17 Autodesk, Inc. Persistent naming for sub-paths of intermittent fillet weld beads
US7248955B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2007-07-24 Lear Corporation Vehicle accessory proximity sensor slide switch
US8000837B2 (en) * 2004-10-05 2011-08-16 J&L Group International, Llc Programmable load forming system, components thereof, and methods of use
US8115138B2 (en) * 2005-03-15 2012-02-14 Lincoln Global, Inc. Comprehensive identification and designation of welding procedures
US7478596B2 (en) * 2005-03-30 2009-01-20 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen - Industriegesellschaft Gmbh Method and machine for replacing damaged rail sections of a track
WO2010038779A1 (en) 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 高周波熱錬株式会社 Welding device for metal and welding method for metal
US9108316B2 (en) * 2008-12-10 2015-08-18 Abb Research Ltd. Method and system for in-production optimization of the parameters of a robot used for assembly
US8658935B2 (en) * 2008-12-24 2014-02-25 Chemetron-Railway Products, Inc. Welding process with jerk compensation
WO2010119461A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2010-10-21 Davide Vaia Welding head for rail welding
US20110108530A1 (en) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Martin Andrew V System and method for welding
CA2695914A1 (en) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-04 Robert A. Edwards Method for transporting concentrated mass loads by container
US11072035B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2021-07-27 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Auxiliary welding heating system
US20130119032A1 (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-05-16 Lincoln Global, Inc. System and method for welding materials of different conductivity
US9334546B2 (en) * 2011-11-29 2016-05-10 Evraz Inc. Na Canada Method and apparatus for treatment of a rail weld
US10040143B2 (en) 2012-12-12 2018-08-07 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Dabbing pulsed welding system and method
US10906114B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2021-02-02 Illinois Tool Works Inc. System for arc welding with enhanced metal deposition
US9950383B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2018-04-24 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding wire preheating system and method
US10835983B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2020-11-17 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Electrode negative pulse welding system and method
US11045891B2 (en) 2013-06-13 2021-06-29 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems and methods for anomalous cathode event control
US10828728B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2020-11-10 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Hotwire deposition material processing system and method
US11154946B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2021-10-26 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems and methods for the control of welding parameters
US11198189B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2021-12-14 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Electrode negative pulse welding system and method
US10440784B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2019-10-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Reduced-distortion hybrid induction heating/welding assembly
US11478870B2 (en) 2014-11-26 2022-10-25 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Dabbing pulsed welding system and method
US10189106B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2019-01-29 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Reduced energy welding system and method
US10829896B2 (en) * 2015-03-05 2020-11-10 Jeffrey Ross Johnston Inductive rail heating head for a moving-point train track rail and a fixed train track rail
US11370050B2 (en) 2015-03-31 2022-06-28 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Controlled short circuit welding system and method
US20170113404A1 (en) 2015-10-21 2017-04-27 Miller Weldmaster Corporation Method and apparatus for welding a roofing membrane
US11285559B2 (en) 2015-11-30 2022-03-29 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding system and method for shielded welding wires
US10610946B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2020-04-07 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Systems and methods for automated root pass welding
US10675699B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2020-06-09 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems, methods, and apparatus to preheat welding wire
WO2017213981A1 (en) * 2016-06-02 2017-12-14 Miller Weldmaster Corporation Method and apparatus for tracking weld data
US10286460B2 (en) 2017-04-07 2019-05-14 Robert J. Murphy Single-pass, single-radial layer, circumferential-progression fill-welding system, apparatus and method for refurbishing railway and other transit rails
US10766092B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2020-09-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems, methods, and apparatus to provide preheat voltage feedback loss protection
US10870164B2 (en) 2017-05-16 2020-12-22 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems, methods, and apparatus to preheat welding wire
WO2018227189A1 (en) 2017-06-09 2018-12-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Contact tips with screw threads and head to enable unthreading or the screw threads comprising longitudinal slots for gas flow; welding torch with contact tips
WO2018227196A1 (en) 2017-06-09 2018-12-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding torch, with two contact tips and a plurality of liquid cooling assemblies for conducting currents to the contact tips
US11590597B2 (en) 2017-06-09 2023-02-28 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems, methods, and apparatus to preheat welding wire
WO2018227195A1 (en) 2017-06-09 2018-12-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding torch with a first contact tip to preheat welding wire and a second contact tip
US11524354B2 (en) 2017-06-09 2022-12-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems, methods, and apparatus to control weld current in a preheating system
US11020813B2 (en) 2017-09-13 2021-06-01 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems, methods, and apparatus to reduce cast in a welding wire
WO2019067870A1 (en) 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 CF&I Steel L.P. D/B/A EVRAZ Rocky Mountain Steel Method for joining steel rails with controlled weld heat input
US11654503B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2023-05-23 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Submerged arc welding systems and submerged arc welding torches to resistively preheat electrode wire
US11014185B2 (en) 2018-09-27 2021-05-25 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems, methods, and apparatus for control of wire preheating in welding-type systems
WO2020132251A2 (en) 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems, methods and apparatus to preheat welding wire
US12103121B2 (en) 2019-04-30 2024-10-01 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Methods and apparatus to control welding power and preheating power
US11311958B1 (en) * 2019-05-13 2022-04-26 Airgas, Inc. Digital welding and cutting efficiency analysis, process evaluation and response feedback system for process optimization
WO2021028823A1 (en) 2019-08-09 2021-02-18 Oqab Dietrich Induction Inc. Thermal power plant
US11772182B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2023-10-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems and methods for gas control during welding wire pretreatments
US12135921B1 (en) 2020-05-20 2024-11-05 COMANCO Environmental Corporation Geosynthetic liner seam modeling and reporting system and associated methods
CN112743215B (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-11-23 东莞普莱信智能技术有限公司 Welding temperature control method and device for inductor
CA3210285A1 (en) * 2021-03-02 2022-09-09 Paul Po Cheng Method for joining and repairing rails
CN113042886A (en) * 2021-03-25 2021-06-29 南京航空航天大学 Variable-gap pre-scanning laser self-melting and wire-filling interactive welding method
CN113042855B (en) * 2021-04-07 2023-03-10 德州学院 Steel rail welding method and device

Family Cites Families (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2399299A1 (en) * 1977-08-05 1979-03-02 Tocco Stel METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BUTT WELDING BY INDUCTION OF METAL PARTS, ESPECIALLY OF IRREGULAR SECTION
US4338672A (en) * 1978-04-20 1982-07-06 Unimation, Inc. Off-line teach assist apparatus and on-line control apparatus
DE2916349C2 (en) * 1979-04-23 1983-06-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Method for producing one or more contact connections between an enamel-insulated wire and one or more contact parts of an electrical component
US4355222A (en) * 1981-05-08 1982-10-19 The Boeing Company Induction heater and apparatus for use with stud mounted hot melt fasteners
US4734552A (en) * 1986-03-27 1988-03-29 Fmc Corporation Induction heated pressure welding
EP0275322B1 (en) 1986-07-15 1993-07-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Seisakusho Method of detecting position data in arc welding
US4717801A (en) * 1986-08-11 1988-01-05 Fmc Corporation Dual induction heating pressure welding apparatus having a control circuit
US4877940A (en) * 1987-06-30 1989-10-31 Iit Research Institute Using infrared imaging to monitor and control welding
US4845332A (en) * 1987-09-16 1989-07-04 National Steel Corp. Galvanneal induction furnace temperature control system
US5079491A (en) * 1989-05-23 1992-01-07 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Robot control system
US5045668A (en) 1990-04-12 1991-09-03 Armco Inc. Apparatus and method for automatically aligning a welding device for butt welding workpieces
US5064244A (en) 1991-01-03 1991-11-12 The Gentry Gallery, Inc. Reclining sofa
AT398178B (en) 1991-12-03 1994-10-25 Fronius Schweissmasch WELDING CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO RAIL PIECES ARRANGED IN THE LENGTH DIRECTION OF A RAIL ROD
DE4326338C2 (en) * 1993-08-05 1996-07-18 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Welding robot
US5537741A (en) * 1995-02-01 1996-07-23 Alcoa Fujikura Limited Method of wire harness assembly system
US5760365A (en) * 1995-11-06 1998-06-02 The Regents Of The University Of Calif. Narrow gap laser welding
JPH10187223A (en) * 1996-12-26 1998-07-14 Nkk Corp Automatic preparation system for welding robot operation program
US5877468A (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-03-02 The Lincoln Electric Company Method and system for welding railroad rails
US6207920B1 (en) 1997-02-21 2001-03-27 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and system for welding railroad rails
US6069333A (en) 1997-02-21 2000-05-30 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and system for welding railroad rails
US5773779A (en) 1997-02-21 1998-06-30 The Lincoln Electric Company Method and system for welding railroad rails
US6787726B2 (en) 1997-12-16 2004-09-07 Holland Lp Rail welding apparatus incorporating rail restraining device, weld containment device, and weld delivery unit
AU2088799A (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-07-05 Richard F. Kral Rail welding apparatus incorporating rail restraining device, weld containment device and weld delivery unit
US6204469B1 (en) 1999-03-04 2001-03-20 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Laser welding system
US6166347A (en) 1999-07-16 2000-12-26 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and system for welding steel rails
US6201216B1 (en) 1999-07-19 2001-03-13 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and system for welding railroad rails
US6278074B1 (en) * 2000-02-28 2001-08-21 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and system for welding railroad rails
WO2001095132A1 (en) 2000-06-02 2001-12-13 Thelen Richard L Gap welding process
US6515249B1 (en) 2000-09-29 2003-02-04 Harsco Technologies Corporation Method of railroad rail repair
AU2003261431A1 (en) 2002-08-09 2004-02-25 Daniel J. Coomer Method of repairing a rail

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1307824A4 (en) 2008-03-26
US20040010342A1 (en) 2004-01-15
US7253380B2 (en) 2007-08-07
WO2001093641A1 (en) 2001-12-06
MXPA02011908A (en) 2004-09-06
MXPA02011909A (en) 2004-09-06
EP1307824A1 (en) 2003-05-07
US7123990B2 (en) 2006-10-17
US20050173419A1 (en) 2005-08-11
WO2001095132A1 (en) 2001-12-13
CA2413918A1 (en) 2001-12-13
CA2411005A1 (en) 2001-12-06
US20060191875A1 (en) 2006-08-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2001275097A1 (en) Gap welding process
EP1168528B8 (en) Splice welder
AU2001265797A1 (en) Beam forming method
AU2001269620A1 (en) Welding torch
AU2001244470A1 (en) Assembly process
AU2001233699A1 (en) Method for selecting products
AU2001291313A1 (en) Process for making 3-amino-2-chloro-4-methylpyridine
AU1993700A (en) Welding machine
AU2001220281A1 (en) Rollerboard for road-skiing
AU2001290623A1 (en) Interbank process
AU1994100A (en) Welding machine
AU2001293035A1 (en) Hydrocracking process
AU2001238538A1 (en) Welding consumable wires
AU5650401A (en) Method for enhancing cognitive function
AU2002218440A1 (en) New process
AU2001237530A1 (en) Method
AU2001290645A1 (en) Weld gauge
AUPQ933100A0 (en) Apparatus for welding
AU2002365372A1 (en) New process
AU2001241636A1 (en) Halotherapy method
AU2001267769A1 (en) Process
EP1059138A3 (en) Welding apparatus
AUPQ505800A0 (en) Structural assemblies
AU2001283030A1 (en) Process for making 3-hydroxyalkanenitriles and hydroxyaminoalkanes
AU2002241600A1 (en) Nitrile process