ATE499940T1 - Carbonat- und carbamat-prodrugs von thiazolo ä4,5-dü-pyrimidinen - Google Patents

Carbonat- und carbamat-prodrugs von thiazolo ä4,5-dü-pyrimidinen

Info

Publication number
ATE499940T1
ATE499940T1 AT07799643T AT07799643T ATE499940T1 AT E499940 T1 ATE499940 T1 AT E499940T1 AT 07799643 T AT07799643 T AT 07799643T AT 07799643 T AT07799643 T AT 07799643T AT E499940 T1 ATE499940 T1 AT E499940T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
prodrugs
thiazolo
carbonate
carbamat
pyrimidines
Prior art date
Application number
AT07799643T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gregory Haley
Joseph Lennox
Alan Xiang
Stephen Webber
Original Assignee
Anadys Pharmaceuticals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anadys Pharmaceuticals Inc filed Critical Anadys Pharmaceuticals Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE499940T1 publication Critical patent/ATE499940T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/02Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/24Heterocyclic radicals containing oxygen or sulfur as ring hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D513/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
    • C07D513/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D513/04Ortho-condensed systems

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
AT07799643T 2006-07-18 2007-07-17 Carbonat- und carbamat-prodrugs von thiazolo ä4,5-dü-pyrimidinen ATE499940T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US83145506P 2006-07-18 2006-07-18
PCT/US2007/073681 WO2008011406A2 (en) 2006-07-18 2007-07-17 Carbonate and carbamate prodrugs of thiazolo [4,5-d] pyrimidines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE499940T1 true ATE499940T1 (de) 2011-03-15

Family

ID=38957547

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT07799643T ATE499940T1 (de) 2006-07-18 2007-07-17 Carbonat- und carbamat-prodrugs von thiazolo ä4,5-dü-pyrimidinen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7528115B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2040712B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5225991B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE499940T1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0714831A2 (de)
DE (1) DE602007012881D1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008011406A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7321033B2 (en) * 2001-11-27 2008-01-22 Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 3-B-D-ribofuranosylthiazolo [4,5-d] pyrimidine nucleosides and uses thereof
CN101365705A (zh) 2005-11-21 2009-02-11 安那迪斯药品股份有限公司 制备5-氨基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮的方法
TWI418561B (zh) * 2006-06-22 2013-12-11 Anadys Pharmaceuticals Inc 5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-β-D-核糖呋喃糖基(ribofuranosyl))-噻唑并〔4,5-d〕嘧啶-2,7-二酮之前藥
WO2009026292A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dosing methods for treating disease
WO2016055553A1 (en) 2014-10-11 2016-04-14 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Compounds for use in the treatment of infectious diseases
PE20170679A1 (es) 2014-12-08 2017-05-22 Hoffmann La Roche Nuevos compuestos de 5-amino-6h-tiazolo[4,5-d]pirimidin-2,7-diona 3-sustituidos para el tratamiento y profilaxis de infecciones virales
KR20220020412A (ko) 2015-03-16 2022-02-18 에프. 호프만-라 로슈 아게 Tlr7 작용제 및 hbv 캡시드 조립 억제제를 사용하는 병용 치료
WO2016180691A1 (en) 2015-05-08 2016-11-17 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Novel oxathiolane carboxylic acids and derivatives for the treatment and prophylaxis of virus infection
CN107592864B (zh) 2015-05-12 2021-04-16 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 用于治疗和预防病毒感染的新的取代的氨基噻唑并嘧啶二酮
JP6839104B2 (ja) 2015-06-30 2021-03-03 エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲーF. Hoffmann−La Roche Aktiengesellschaft ウイルス感染の治療及び予防のための新規な置換アミノチアゾロピリミジンジオン
US10472364B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2019-11-12 Calithera Biosciences, Inc. Ectonucleotidase inhibitors and methods of use thereof
MX2019005379A (es) 2016-11-28 2019-09-04 Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co Derivado de pirazolo-heteroarilo, metodo de preparacion y uso medico del mismo.
US10570167B2 (en) 2016-12-22 2020-02-25 Calithera Biosciences, Inc. Ectonucleotidase inhibitors and methods of use thereof
AU2018205994B2 (en) 2017-01-06 2021-09-09 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Process for the preparation of 3-substituted 5-amino-6H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,7-dione compounds
KR20190141747A (ko) 2017-05-01 2019-12-24 길리애드 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 (S)-2-에틸부틸 2-(((S)-(((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-아미노피롤로[2,1-f] [1,2,4]트리아진-7-일)-5-시아노-3,4-디히드록시테트라히드로푸란-2-일)메톡시)(페녹시) 포스포릴)아미노)프로파노에이트의 결정질 형태
EP3636646A4 (de) 2017-05-18 2020-12-09 Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd. Heteroaryl-pyrazol-derivat und herstellungsverfahren dafür sowie medizinische verwendung davon
TW201919648A (zh) 2017-07-11 2019-06-01 美商基利科學股份有限公司 用於治療病毒感染之含rna聚合酶抑制劑與環糊精的組合物
BR112020023875A2 (pt) 2018-05-25 2021-02-09 Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd. sal de cloridrato, formas cristalinas, métodos de preparação, composição farmacêutica, e usos do sal e das formas cristalinas
CN112888696B (zh) 2018-06-21 2024-04-16 德琪医疗有限公司 外核苷酸酶抑制剂及其使用方法
MA56544A (fr) * 2019-06-18 2022-04-27 Taiho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Nouveau compose ester d'acide phosphorique possedant un squelette pyrolo-pyrimidine ou sel pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci
US11660307B2 (en) 2020-01-27 2023-05-30 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Methods for treating SARS CoV-2 infections
TWI785528B (zh) 2020-03-12 2022-12-01 美商基利科學股份有限公司 1’-氰基核苷之製備方法
CA3172483A1 (en) 2020-04-06 2021-10-14 Scott Ellis Inhalation formulations of 1'-cyano substituted carbanucleoside analogs
US11975012B2 (en) 2020-05-29 2024-05-07 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Remdesivir treatment methods
TWI819321B (zh) 2020-06-24 2023-10-21 美商基利科學股份有限公司 1'-氰基核苷類似物及其用途
KR20230057411A (ko) 2020-08-27 2023-04-28 길리애드 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 바이러스 감염 치료를 위한 화합물 및 방법
US20230295172A1 (en) 2022-03-02 2023-09-21 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Compounds and methods for treatment of viral infections

Family Cites Families (61)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US733566A (en) 1903-03-16 1903-07-14 August Sundh Electric controller.
US3536809A (en) 1969-02-17 1970-10-27 Alza Corp Medication method
US3598123A (en) 1969-04-01 1971-08-10 Alza Corp Bandage for administering drugs
US3845770A (en) 1972-06-05 1974-11-05 Alza Corp Osmatic dispensing device for releasing beneficial agent
US3916899A (en) 1973-04-25 1975-11-04 Alza Corp Osmotic dispensing device with maximum and minimum sizes for the passageway
US4008719A (en) 1976-02-02 1977-02-22 Alza Corporation Osmotic system having laminar arrangement for programming delivery of active agent
ZA791659B (en) 1978-04-17 1980-04-30 Ici Ltd Process and apparatus for spraying liquid
US4643992A (en) 1982-11-09 1987-02-17 Scripps Clinic And Research Foundation Modulation of animal cellular responses with compositions containing 8-substituted guanine derivatives
US4539205A (en) 1982-11-09 1985-09-03 Scripps Clinic And Research Foundation Modulation of animal cellular responses with compositions containing 8-substituted guanine derivatives
US5166141A (en) 1983-11-01 1992-11-24 Scripps Clinic And Research Foundation Immunostimulating 7-deaza-7-oxa- and 7-deaza-7-oxo-analogs of 8-substituted-guanine-9-(1'-beta-D-aldoglycosidyl) derivatives and methods of treating test animals
US4746651A (en) 1983-11-01 1988-05-24 Scripps Clinic And Research Foundation Antimicrobial chemotherapeutic potentiation using substituted nucleoside derivatives
IE58110B1 (en) 1984-10-30 1993-07-14 Elan Corp Plc Controlled release powder and process for its preparation
GB8504253D0 (en) 1985-02-19 1985-03-20 Ici Plc Electrostatic spraying apparatus
US5011828A (en) 1985-11-15 1991-04-30 Michael Goodman Immunostimulating guanine derivatives, compositions and methods
GB8712745D0 (en) 1987-05-30 1987-07-01 Wellcome Found Antiviral compounds
US4880784A (en) * 1987-12-21 1989-11-14 Brigham Young University Antiviral methods utilizing ribofuranosylthiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimdine derivatives
US5041426A (en) * 1987-12-21 1991-08-20 Brigham Young University Immune system enhancing 3-β-d-ribofuranosylthiazolo[4,5-d]pyridimine nucleosides and nucleotides
DE3815221C2 (de) 1988-05-04 1995-06-29 Gradinger F Hermes Pharma Verwendung einer Retinol- und/oder Retinsäureester enthaltenden pharmazeutischen Zubereitung zur Inhalation zur Einwirkung auf die Schleimhäute des Tracheo-Bronchialtraktes einschließlich der Lungenalveolen
US5041542A (en) 1988-06-03 1991-08-20 Nucleic Acid Research Institute Substituted pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine nucleosides
US5073543A (en) 1988-07-21 1991-12-17 G. D. Searle & Co. Controlled release formulations of trophic factors in ganglioside-lipsome vehicle
IT1229203B (it) 1989-03-22 1991-07-25 Bioresearch Spa Impiego di acido 5 metiltetraidrofolico, di acido 5 formiltetraidrofolico e dei loro sali farmaceuticamente accettabili per la preparazione di composizioni farmaceutiche in forma a rilascio controllato attive nella terapia dei disturbi mentali organici e composizioni farmaceutiche relative.
US5120548A (en) 1989-11-07 1992-06-09 Merck & Co., Inc. Swelling modulated polymeric drug delivery device
GB9015914D0 (en) 1990-07-19 1990-09-05 Wellcome Found Heterocyclic compounds
US5248672A (en) 1990-11-01 1993-09-28 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Polysubstituted benzimidazole nucleosides as antiviral agents
GB9105899D0 (en) 1991-03-20 1991-05-08 Wellcome Found Therapeutic nucleosides
US5580578A (en) 1992-01-27 1996-12-03 Euro-Celtique, S.A. Controlled release formulations coated with aqueous dispersions of acrylic polymers
AU5165793A (en) 1992-10-01 1994-04-26 Mcneilab, Inc. Derivatives of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines
GB9225098D0 (en) 1992-12-01 1993-01-20 Coffee Ronald A Charged droplet spray mixer
GB9226717D0 (en) 1992-12-22 1993-02-17 Coffee Ronald A Induction-operated electro-hydrodynamic spray device with means of modifying droplet trajectories
GB9301000D0 (en) 1993-01-20 1993-03-10 Glaxo Group Ltd Chemical compounds
US5591767A (en) 1993-01-25 1997-01-07 Pharmetrix Corporation Liquid reservoir transdermal patch for the administration of ketorolac
US5395937A (en) 1993-01-29 1995-03-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Process for preparing quinoline amines
US5446045A (en) 1993-12-20 1995-08-29 Revankar; Ganapathi R. Antiviral guanine analogs
US5994321A (en) 1993-12-20 1999-11-30 Aronex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Antiviral guanine analogs
GB9406171D0 (en) 1994-03-29 1994-05-18 Electrosols Ltd Dispensing device
GB9406255D0 (en) 1994-03-29 1994-05-18 Electrosols Ltd Dispensing device
GB9410658D0 (en) 1994-05-27 1994-07-13 Electrosols Ltd Dispensing device
IT1270594B (it) 1994-07-07 1997-05-07 Recordati Chem Pharm Composizione farmaceutica a rilascio controllato di moguisteina in sospensione liquida
ZA962077B (en) 1995-03-14 1997-03-26 Siemens Ag Ultrasonic atomizer device with removable precision dosating unit
AU701843B2 (en) 1995-03-14 1999-02-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Removable precision dosating unit for ultrasonic atomizer device
DE69731823T2 (de) 1996-07-03 2005-12-15 Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Neue purinderivate
US6509320B1 (en) 1996-10-16 2003-01-21 Icn Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Purine L-nucleosides, analogs and uses thereof
EP0961775B1 (de) 1996-10-16 2004-07-14 ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Purin-l-nukleoside, deren analoga und verwendungen
ES2290969T3 (es) 1996-10-25 2008-02-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compuestos modificadores de la respuesta inmune para el tratamiento de enfermedades mediadas por th2 y relacionadas.
US5954047A (en) 1997-10-17 1999-09-21 Systemic Pulmonary Development, Ltd. Methods and apparatus for delivering aerosolized medication
AU732361B2 (en) 1997-11-28 2001-04-26 Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. Novel heterocyclic compounds
TW572758B (en) 1997-12-22 2004-01-21 Sumitomo Pharma Type 2 helper T cell-selective immune response inhibitors comprising purine derivatives
US6444652B1 (en) 1998-08-10 2002-09-03 Novirio Pharmaceuticals Limited β-L-2'-deoxy-nucleosides for the treatment of hepatitis B
US6667312B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2003-12-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Thioether substituted imidazoquinolines
US6545016B1 (en) 2000-12-08 2003-04-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Amide substituted imidazopyridines
US6664264B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2003-12-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Thioether substituted imidazoquinolines
US6664260B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2003-12-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Heterocyclic ether substituted imidazoquinolines
US6545017B1 (en) 2000-12-08 2003-04-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Urea substituted imidazopyridines
CN1250548C (zh) 2001-04-17 2006-04-12 大日本住友制药株式会社 新的腺嘌呤衍生物
JP4493337B2 (ja) 2001-11-27 2010-06-30 アナディス ファーマシューティカルズ インク 3−β−D−リボフラノシルチアゾロ[4,5−d]ピリミジンヌクレオシド及びその使用
US7321033B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2008-01-22 Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 3-B-D-ribofuranosylthiazolo [4,5-d] pyrimidine nucleosides and uses thereof
NZ536123A (en) 2002-05-06 2006-09-29 Genelabs Tech Inc Nucleoside derivatives for treating hepatitis C virus infection
WO2005016235A2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-02-24 The Regents Of The University Of California Combined use of impdh inhibitors with toll-like receptor agonists
ATE465742T1 (de) 2003-09-05 2010-05-15 Anadys Pharmaceuticals Inc Tlr7-liganden zur behandlung von hepatitis c
NZ555723A (en) 2004-12-17 2010-07-30 Anadys Pharmaceuticals Inc 3,5-disubstituted and 3,5,7-trisubstituted-3H-oxazolo and 3H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-one compounds and prodrugs thereof
TWI418561B (zh) 2006-06-22 2013-12-11 Anadys Pharmaceuticals Inc 5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-β-D-核糖呋喃糖基(ribofuranosyl))-噻唑并〔4,5-d〕嘧啶-2,7-二酮之前藥

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008011406A3 (en) 2008-12-31
US20080020989A1 (en) 2008-01-24
US7528115B2 (en) 2009-05-05
EP2040712A2 (de) 2009-04-01
EP2040712B1 (de) 2011-03-02
WO2008011406A2 (en) 2008-01-24
DE602007012881D1 (en) 2011-04-14
JP2009543884A (ja) 2009-12-10
JP5225991B2 (ja) 2013-07-03
BRPI0714831A2 (pt) 2013-04-02
EP2040712A4 (de) 2010-04-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE499940T1 (de) Carbonat- und carbamat-prodrugs von thiazolo ä4,5-dü-pyrimidinen
EA200701504A1 (ru) Индолы, пригодные для лечения воспалений
EA200701808A1 (ru) Производные тетрагидроиндолона и тетрагидроиндазолона
EA200800172A1 (ru) 2,4-диаминопиримидины как ингибиторы aurora
NO20081315L (no) Benzokinazolinderivater og deres anvendelse ved behandling av benlidelser
TW200637820A (en) Indoles useful in the treatment of inflammation
MX2007013624A (es) Inhibidores de proteina cinasa.
EA201100794A1 (ru) Замещенные пиримидины, предназначенные для лечения заболеваний, таких как рак
EA201070597A1 (ru) Антибактериальные аналоги аминогликозида
EA200800664A1 (ru) Производные пирролопиримидина в качестве ингибиторов syk
EA200800100A1 (ru) Соединения азаиндазола и способы применения
MX2009000333A (es) Pirrilopirimidinas para composiciones farmaceuticas.
EA200970296A1 (ru) Содержащие диариловый эфир соединения мочевины
TW200630374A (en) Thiazolyldihydroindazoles
EA200971104A1 (ru) Производные бензимидазола
TW200700393A (en) Novel cis-2,4,5-triaryl-imidazolines
EA200970575A1 (ru) Соединения на основе 4-фенил-6-(2,2,2-трифтор-1-фенилэтокси)пиримидина и способы их применения
ATE465164T1 (de) Triazolopyrazinverbindungen zur behandlung von degenerations- und entzündungskrankheiten
EA200801287A1 (ru) Пиримидиновые производные для лечения аномального клеточного роста
ATE478863T1 (de) Heterotetracyclische verbindungen als tpo- mimetica
TW200509892A (en) Novel aminobenzophenone compounds
WO2007150002A3 (en) PRODRUGS OF 5-AMINO-3-(3'-DEOXY-β-D-RIBOFURANOSYL)-THIAZOLO[4,5-d] PYRIMIDIN-2,7-DIONE
EA200800302A1 (ru) Применение производных и аналогов тиазола при лечении рака
EA200801107A1 (ru) Пиразолы, пригодные для лечения воспалений
EA200801220A1 (ru) 3-аминоциклопентанекарбоксамиды в качестве модуляторов хемокиновых рецепторов

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties