Holocaust

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Ing Holocaust (ibat king Griegong ὁλόκαυστον (Holókauston): holos, "mabilug" o "ngan" ampong kaustos, "mesilab"), a ausan da muring Shoah (Hebreo: השואה, Latinized ha'shoah; Yiddish: חורבן, Latinized churben or hurban^[1]) ing katayang gagamitan da para king pamakamate kareng anam a miliung Judiong Europeo aniang Kaduang Gerang Pangyatu, metung a tangkang sistematicung pamangisan ning metung a lahi a dapat ning kapamahalan a Nazi ning Alemani, king lalam nang Adolf Hitler, deng kayang kakampi, ampo reng talausig king kalaba (collaborators).^[2]

Agpang kareng mapilang matenakan king paksa (scholars), kailangang iyabe king kabaldugan ning Holocaust ing sistematicung pamakamate da reng Nazi kareng aliwang grupu, kayabe la reng Catolico, lahing Polaco, deng Romani, civilian a Soviet, Soviet a mesucul king gera, deng taung maki kapansanan, deng binabai, deng Saksi nang Jehovah, ampo reng aliwang kalaban a political ampong relihiosu da reng Nazi.^[3] Nung tukian ya iting kabaldugan, miras la king pilatan ning 11 miliun ampong 17 miliun a tau.^[4]

Bagia-bagia, o e misanan, ing miliaring pamanalipit ampong laganas a pamacamate. Pilang banua bayu ing umpisa ning Kaduang Gerang Pangyatu, pepaliari da no reng leyi ba lang ikawani deng Judio king sociedad. Mitikdo lang concentration camp nung nu la megobrang anting alipan deng makasukul anggang mete la king pagal o sakit. Aniang mekasakup yang bayung teritoriu ing Katlung Reich king aslagang Europa, pete do reng Judio ampo reng kalaban king pulitica deng makabukud a unit a ausan dang Einsatzgruppen kapamilatan ning pang-maragul a pamamaril. Kilung do kareng ghetto deng Judio ampong Romani bayu ro dela kareng extermination camp kapamilatan da reng tren a magdalang carga, at nung kinabie la king biahi, pete da la kareng gas chamber demg keraklan. Atin yang papil ing balang sanga ning kapamahalan ning Alemaniang Nazi king pamaniapat king pangkabilugan a pamakamate, ania megi yang ausan dang "estadung mangisan lahi" ("a genocidal state") ing kapamahalan ning Alemaniang Nazi.^[5]

Makaugneng suglung

Dalerayan

↑ "Holocaust," Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2009: "the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question ..."
↑ Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, p.45: "The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II." Also see "The Holocaust", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007: "the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women and children, and millions of others, by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question".
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Niewyk45
↑ Donald Niewyk suggests that the broadest definition, including Soviet civilian deaths, would produce a death toll of 17 million. Google Books Estimates of the death toll of non-Jewish victims vary by millions, partly because the boundary between death by persecution and death by starvation and other means in a context of total war is unclear. Overall, about 5.7 million (78 percent) of the 7.3 million Jews in occupied Europe perished (Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust 1988, pp. 242-244). Compared to five to 11 million (1.4 percent to 3.0 percent) of the 360 million non-Jews in German-dominated Europe. Small, Melvin and J. David Singer. Resort to Arms: International and civil Wars 1816-1980 and Berenbaum, Michael. A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. New York: New York University Press, 1990
↑ Berenbaum, Michael. The World Must Know," United States Holocaust Museum, 2006, p. 103.

Karagdagang babasan

Deng suglung king kilual, dalerayan, ampong aliwang pikuanan, makalista la king Holocaust (resources).

Template:World War II Template:Nazism Template:Antisemitism topics Template:Racism topics Template:Jews and Judaism

[Britannica-1] "Holocaust," Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2009: "the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question ..."

[Niewyk1-2] Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, p.45: "The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II." Also see "The Holocaust", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007: "the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women and children, and millions of others, by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question".

[Niewyk45-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Niewyk45

[4] Donald Niewyk suggests that the broadest definition, including Soviet civilian deaths, would produce a death toll of 17 million. Google Books Estimates of the death toll of non-Jewish victims vary by millions, partly because the boundary between death by persecution and death by starvation and other means in a context of total war is unclear. Overall, about 5.7 million (78 percent) of the 7.3 million Jews in occupied Europe perished (Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust 1988, pp. 242-244). Compared to five to 11 million (1.4 percent to 3.0 percent) of the 360 million non-Jews in German-dominated Europe. Small, Melvin and J. David Singer. Resort to Arms: International and civil Wars 1816-1980 and Berenbaum, Michael. A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. New York: New York University Press, 1990

[Berenbaum103-5] Berenbaum, Michael. The World Must Know," United States Holocaust Museum, 2006, p. 103.

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