/ 
Hash-Flatten-1.19
River stage two • 10 direct dependents • 35 total dependents
/ Hash::Flatten

NAME

Hash::Flatten - flatten/unflatten complex data hashes

SYNOPSIS

# Exported functions
use Hash::Flatten qw(:all);
$flat_hash = flatten($nested_hash);
$nested_hash = unflatten($flat_hash);

# OO interface
my $o = new Hash::Flatten({
	HashDelimiter => '->', 
	ArrayDelimiter => '=>',
	OnRefScalar => 'warn',
});
$flat_hash = $o->flatten($nested_hash);
$nested_hash = $o->unflatten($flat_hash);

DESCRIPTION

Converts back and forth between a nested hash structure and a flat hash of delimited key-value pairs. Useful for protocols that only support key-value pairs (such as CGI and DBMs).

Functional interface

$flat_hash = flatten($nested_hash, \%options)

Reduces a nested data-structure to key-value form. The top-level container must be hashref. For example:

$nested = {
	'x' => 1,
	'y' => {
		'a' => 2,
		'b' => 3
	},
	'z' => [
		'a', 'b', 'c'
	]
}

$flat = flatten($nested);
use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper($flat);

$VAR1 = {
	'y.a' => 2,
	'x' => 1,
	'y.b' => 3,
	'z:0' => 'a',
	'z:1' => 'b',
	'z:2' => 'c'
};

The \%options hashref can be used to override the default behaviour (see "OPTIONS").

$nested_hash = unflatten($flat_hash, \%options)

The unflatten() routine takes the flattened hash and returns the original nested hash (see "CAVEATS" though).

OO interface

$o = new Hash::Flatten(\%options)

Options can be squirreled away in an object (see "OPTIONS")

$flat = $o->flatten($nested)

Flatten the structure using the options stored in the object.

$nested = $o->unflatten($flat)

Unflatten the structure using the options stored in the object.

OPTIONS

HashDelimiter and ArrayDelimiter

By default, hash dereferences are denoted by a dot, and array dereferences are denoted by a colon. However you may change these characters to any string you want, because you don't want there to be any confusion as to which part of a string is the 'key' and which is the 'delimiter'. You may use multicharacter strings if you prefer.

OnRefScalar and OnRefRef and OnRefGlob

Behaviour if a reference of this type is encountered during flattening. Possible values are 'die', 'warn' (default behaviour but warns) or a coderef which is passed the reference and should return the flattened value.

By default references to references, and references to scalars, are followed silently.

EscapeSequence

This is the character or sequence of characters that will be used to escape the hash and array delimiters. The default escape sequence is '\\'. The escaping strategy is to place the escape sequence in front of delimiter sequences; the escape sequence itself is escaped by replacing it with two instances.

DisableEscapes

Stop the escaping from happening. No escape sequences will be added to flattened output, nor interpreted on the way back.

WARNING: If your structure has keys that contain the delimiter characters, it will not be possible to unflatten the structure correctly.

CAVEATS

Any blessings will be discarded during flattening, so that if you flatten an object you must re-bless() it on unflattening.

Note that there is no delimiter for scalar references, or references to references. If your structure to be flattened contains scalar, or reference, references these will be followed by default, i.e. 'foo' => \\\\\\$foo will be collapsed to 'foo' => $foo. You can override this behaviour using the OnRefScalar and OnRefRef constructor option.

Recursive structures are detected and cause a fatal error.

SEE ALSO

The perlmonks site has a helpful introduction to when and why you might want to flatten a hash: https://www.perlmonks.org/index.pl?node_id=234186

CGI::Expand

Unflattens hashes using "." as a delimiter, similar to Template::Toolkit's behaviour.

Tie::MultiDim

This provides a tie interface to unflattening a data structure if you specify a "template" for the structure of the data.

MLDBM

This also provides a tie interface but reduces a nested structure to key-value form by serialising the values below the top level.

VERSION

$Id: Flatten.pm,v 1.19 2009/05/09 12:42:02 jamiel Exp $

AUTHOR

John Alden & P Kent <cpan _at_ bbc _dot_ co _dot_ uk>

COPYRIGHT

(c) BBC 2005. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the GNU GPL.

See the file COPYING in this distribution, or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt