I am a Senior Lecturer in Planning at the Department of Planning and Environmental Management at the University of Manchester. Address: Oxford Road
Manchester
M139PL
Many studies of neighbourhood change adopt a ‘bookend’ mode of analysis in which a baseline year ... more Many studies of neighbourhood change adopt a ‘bookend’ mode of analysis in which a baseline year is identified for a chosen outcome variable from which the magnitude of change is calculated to a determined end-point typically over bi-decadal or decadal timeframes. However, this mode of analysis smooths-away short-run change patterns and neighbourhood dynamics. The implications of this practice could be far reaching if it is accepted that as neighbourhoods change they are liable to cross a threshold and transition from one state to another in the short as well as longer-term. In a case study of deprived neighbourhoods in the Greater Manchester city-region, this paper aims to contribute to neighbourhood change debates in two ways. The first is by isolating transition pathways for individual neighbourhoods using annual change data. The second is by testing the thesis that the more deprived a neighbourhood is, the more likely it is to respond with greater volatility to short-run shocks when compared to less-deprived neighbourhoods. Four indicators collected annually between 2001 and 2010 are used to develop a typology of neighbourhood change and a subsequent typology of neighbourhood transition. The analysis exposed 260 different transition pathways that deprived neighbourhoods followed over the study period. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to determine the odds of a neighbourhood undergoing transition along a specific pathway owing to its level of deprivation. The model revealed that the most deprived neighbourhoods were likely to follow more volatile transition pathways compared to the less-deprived neighbourhoods especially during periods of economic difficulty.
This chapter examines the sub-regional scale strategic spatial imaginaries that have been initia... more This chapter examines the sub-regional scale strategic spatial imaginaries that have been initiated in the area connecting the Liverpool and Manchester conurbations in North West England.
It has long been acknowledged that there is a gap between the advancement of GIS in the research ... more It has long been acknowledged that there is a gap between the advancement of GIS in the research field and its application in planning practice. This paper demonstrates the potential for employing simple GIS mapping overlays as a way of communicating complex planning issues in a ‘language’ that is easily understandable and effective at stimulating policy debate, critical thinking, and learning. The analysis focuses on capturing the synergies and conflicts in two key planning challenges in England, progrowth and housing delivery agendas. In a political context where spatial evidence-based policy making has been eroded in recent years, the analysis demonstrates the need for policy makers to ‘think spatially, act spatially’ when developing different policies and programmes. The paper concludes that only by making spatial relationships of policies and programmes explicit in a manner that is easily understood by a range of actors, can different spatial scenarios and metaphors of future opportunities and challenges be developed to inform long-range development and planning.
There is a long lineage in neighbourhood research that has underpinned sustained academic and pol... more There is a long lineage in neighbourhood research that has underpinned sustained academic and policy interest in the UK centred on understanding how spatial ‘clusters’ of neighbourhood-based deprivation might be destabilised. This has seen the privileging of composite indices in the analysis of deprivation which have been criticised for fostering a common perception that deprived neighbourhoods are homogeneous in terms of their compositions and underlying structures. Such indices have also been criticised for being ineffective at capturing temporal change, providing only static snapshots of deprivation at particular points in time. This paper focuses on patterns of deprived neighbourhood change in the Greater Manchester city-region between 2001 and 2007. It develops a typology of neighbourhood change that is triangulated with three complementary typologies capturing the socioeconomic and demographic compositions of deprived neighbourhoods; the functional roles played by deprived neighbourhoods in redistributing population through migration; and the spatial contexts in which deprived neighbourhoods are located. The analysis reveals that an over reliance on static indices to measure deprivation has long-served to conceal complexities in the way that deprived neighbourhoods change, owing to their variable structures and contexts. It illustrates the danger that lies in treating all deprived neighbourhoods in the same way.
Growth Commission and aspects of recent research in the Spatial Economics Research Centre, includ... more Growth Commission and aspects of recent research in the Spatial Economics Research Centre, including some of his own, Overman accuses us of misreading, misinterpreting, and misrepresenting his work, providing some detailed comments to back up his view . We will deal quickly with some of Overman's arguments, which seem to us to be based on a misreading, misinterpretation, and misrepresentation of our own argument. We will end with a short section in which we try to make clear once again why these debates matter, both in terms of their academic merit and how they are translated into wider political debate.
Increased policy interest in geographical mobility necessitates a fuller understanding of the une... more Increased policy interest in geographical mobility necessitates a fuller understanding of the uneven spatial patterning of migration in Europe. This paper reports on research exploring the experience of cities and regions in respect of migration, and the socio-economic factors associated with disparities in net migration across sub-national areas. This involved modelling the relationship between net migration over the period 2001–2006 and the underlying socio-economic circumstances across European cities and regions, and generating an area typology that captured variable experiences with regard to migration. The results of multivariate analysis suggest that urban areas are more likely than other types of areas to have net in-migration levels which exceed those expected given their socio-economic characteristics, both for places with flourishing economies and unmet demand for labour as well as those whose economic fortunes are less buoyant. The results also suggest that the experience of cities and regions is polarized, with large urban areas featuring prominently among the best and worst performing areas in respect of net in-migration. The potential implication of this complex pattern is that bespoke, rather than blanket, policy interventions are required to address the variable experiences of cities and regions in relation to migration.
Uneven spatial development has long been a characteristic feature of the economic and social fabr... more Uneven spatial development has long been a characteristic feature of the economic and social fabric of the UK. The north–south divide has become something of a hegemonic narrative in the UK and this has served to mask an ‘archipelago’ of variegate spatial development in housing and locality conditions at sub-national and sub-regional scales. This paper explores the changing nature of sub-regional housing and locality conditions across the UK and evidence is found of significant spatial variation in the way that places responded to the effects of the most recent economic recession
Local Enterprise Partnerships in England were intended as organic entities in which coalitions of... more Local Enterprise Partnerships in England were intended as organic entities in which coalitions of local actors, led by business interests, would determine locally relevant policy for self-defined spatial units. Informed by ideas around localism and the desire to extend sub-national economic development policy making beyond the local state, central government envisaged an increased unevenness in local governance arrangements and policy approaches. The article assesses the experiences of four Local Enterprise Partnerships, employing social network analysis in an attempt to systematise the comparison of actor relationships and urban governance arrangements. The article considers the degree to which the discursive emphasis on liberating local policy actors from central government control has any empirical basis in the variable shape and structure of local elite actor networks. It argues that although Local Enterprise Partnerships operate within an environment characterised by lighter touch regulation, there is a dissonance between local discretion and the political imperative for central government to exercise oversight. Equally, variability in the web of actor interactions across the sample of Local Enterprise Partnerships suggests that asymmetrical urban governance and competitive localism are intrinsic features of post-regional local economic development, reflecting a wider national framework for spatial policy in which diversity in sub-national institutional form is viewed as a source of policy innovation and dynamism.
This article examines the experience of operationalising the housing market area (HMA) framework ... more This article examines the experience of operationalising the housing market area (HMA) framework in England and reflects on the value of adopting HMAs in strategic planning of housing. The paper argues that the operationalisation of HMAs in the English regions has been a challenging exercise, but that HMAs have the potential to frame the development of housing market intelligence and to underpin the analysis of housing market functionality at sub-national level. The challenge for policy and practice lies in harnessing this evidence-framing and analytical potential more effectively than has been the case to date.
This paper explores the use of evidence in the making of local development frameworks in England,... more This paper explores the use of evidence in the making of local development frameworks in England, introduced as part of the 2004 Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act. The reforms dictate that for a plan to be considered ‘sound’, the policy choices it contains must be justified through the compilation and use of an appropriate evidence base. The paper draws on research undertaken as part of the UK government-sponsored Spatial Plans in Practice (SPiP) project looking into the operation of the reformed spatial planning system in England. It draws on the findings of a number of reports produced as part of this research on the use of evidence in the making of local development frameworks in England as well as wider components of the SPiP project including interviews with local authority planning officers, documentary review of adopted planning documents (core strategies and area action plans) and a longitudinal suite of case studies covering a number of local planning authorities using both qualitative semi-structured interviews and a strategic survey. The paper finds grounds to believe that, although local planning authorities are collecting more evidence than ever before, the culture of using evidence to inform policy-making is far from a well established or uniform practice.
The adoption of administrative boundaries as approximations of housing markets has long restricte... more The adoption of administrative boundaries as approximations of housing markets has long restricted the scope for housing market analysis and planning policy development to be undertaken within a functional housing market framework in England. This has prompted consideration of the value of deriving housing market areas (HMAs) to underpin the development of housing market intelligence for planning and policy purposes. Drawing on a case study of North West England, this paper critically reviews alternative approaches that have been used to define HMAs. The review highlights that in practice technical and methodological constraints have restricted the operationalisation of an idealised conceptualisation of HMAs.
As joint authors of ``Getting involved in plan making ...'' (Baker et al, 2010) we are delighted ... more As joint authors of ``Getting involved in plan making ...'' (Baker et al, 2010) we are delighted that it gained the distinction of being the year's `most downloaded' paper and are honoured to have the opportunity to write a retrospective. The opportunity to revisit the paper is particularly welcome as issues relating to participation and stakeholder involvement in plan making have arguably become even more relevant in England since the election of the coalition government in 2010 and the introduction of neighbourhood plans, which have been accompanied by heightened expectations of community involvement. Meanwhile, the simultaneous dismantling of the regional tier of strategy making has left something of a vacuum in terms of formal strategic spatial planning at the regional and subregional scales. The vacuum may eventually be filled by more fluid and experimental ways of strategic thinking and strategy making (eg, via local enterprise partnerships), but this will pose even greater challenges for successful participation and stakeholder involvement. The topics addressed in the paper are likely to be just as important in future years as they were when the paper was written around 2009.
A review is presented of the requirements of a framework for the delineation of housing market ar... more A review is presented of the requirements of a framework for the delineation of housing market areas (HMAs) in the context of undertaking a housing market assessment. This prompts adoption of a methodology that features an iterative application of information obtained from estate agents, to identify HMA cores, and a functional regionalisation of 2001 Census interward migration fl ows. The approach is demonstrated using data for North West England. The concluding section explores some implications of the HMA framework for policy and future research.
This paper examines the delivery of infrastructure requirements related to the plan-making (LDF) ... more This paper examines the delivery of infrastructure requirements related to the plan-making (LDF) process in England introduced as part of the 2004 planning system reforms. Success or otherwise in terms of plan implementation and infrastructure delivery is crucial if the reformed spatial planning system is to be successful. The paper draws on research undertaken as part of a government-sponsored research project into the operation of the new LDF process. The research reveals a significant gap between government expectations and current practice. It suggests that longer-term commitments by central government, alongside improved understanding of the spatial planning process and the role of local government as part of a continued drive for ‘culture change’ among local planning authorities and delivery partners, will be required if the current barriers to the delivery of infrastructure are to be overcome. Otherwise, the new-style LDFs are as likely to be plagued by implementation gaps as were their predecessors.
In 2004 the English planning system was subject to extensive reforms which introduced a `spatial ... more In 2004 the English planning system was subject to extensive reforms which introduced a `spatial planning' approach that goes beyond traditional land-use planning in integrating policies for the development and use of land with other policies and programmes which influence the nature of places. At the regional level, regional planning guidance was replaced by regional spatial strategies (RSSs) and, at the local level, existing local land-use planning documents were replaced with a portfolio of documents that make up the new local development framework (LDF). Together, the LDF and RSS make up the statutory development plan for an area. At the heart of the new spatial planning reforms is a heightened emphasis on stakeholder and community involvement. This paper brings together research at two different spatial scales. The `Spatial Plans in Practice' study examined stakeholder involvement in LDF preparation across England. Parallel research examined the experience of stakeholders in the formation of the North West RSS. Drawing on this empirical base, we examine experiences of stakeholder involvement in the reformed spatial planning system and discuss the implications for the future.
In developed formal economies, the majority of people at some point in their lives will, at the s... more In developed formal economies, the majority of people at some point in their lives will, at the same time, participate in both the housing and labour markets. However, most people will not live and work in the same place but will instead have to contend with balancing disconnected residential and workplace locations. The interaction of housing and labour markets has long been recognized as a key process shaping the structure of cities and regions. This paper offers a critical reflection on the capacity and scope of recent policy interventions, underpinned by a new spatial planning-based system, to address the interaction of housing and labour markets in the English regions.
Daily interaction of housing and labour markets in North West England, Regional Studies. The impo... more Daily interaction of housing and labour markets in North West England, Regional Studies. The importance of the daily spatial interaction of housing and labour markets has long been recognized due to the role that housing and labour market interaction plays in structuring cities and regions. However, the extent to which policies are sensitized to the interaction of residential and workplace locations is questionable. This paper undertakes a systematic examination of the daily interaction of sub-regional housing and labour markets drawing on 2001 Census commuting data from North West England. The intention is to provide evidence of the nature of the daily spatial interaction of housing and labour markets to inform policy.
Many studies of neighbourhood change adopt a ‘bookend’ mode of analysis in which a baseline year ... more Many studies of neighbourhood change adopt a ‘bookend’ mode of analysis in which a baseline year is identified for a chosen outcome variable from which the magnitude of change is calculated to a determined end-point typically over bi-decadal or decadal timeframes. However, this mode of analysis smooths-away short-run change patterns and neighbourhood dynamics. The implications of this practice could be far reaching if it is accepted that as neighbourhoods change they are liable to cross a threshold and transition from one state to another in the short as well as longer-term. In a case study of deprived neighbourhoods in the Greater Manchester city-region, this paper aims to contribute to neighbourhood change debates in two ways. The first is by isolating transition pathways for individual neighbourhoods using annual change data. The second is by testing the thesis that the more deprived a neighbourhood is, the more likely it is to respond with greater volatility to short-run shocks when compared to less-deprived neighbourhoods. Four indicators collected annually between 2001 and 2010 are used to develop a typology of neighbourhood change and a subsequent typology of neighbourhood transition. The analysis exposed 260 different transition pathways that deprived neighbourhoods followed over the study period. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to determine the odds of a neighbourhood undergoing transition along a specific pathway owing to its level of deprivation. The model revealed that the most deprived neighbourhoods were likely to follow more volatile transition pathways compared to the less-deprived neighbourhoods especially during periods of economic difficulty.
This chapter examines the sub-regional scale strategic spatial imaginaries that have been initia... more This chapter examines the sub-regional scale strategic spatial imaginaries that have been initiated in the area connecting the Liverpool and Manchester conurbations in North West England.
It has long been acknowledged that there is a gap between the advancement of GIS in the research ... more It has long been acknowledged that there is a gap between the advancement of GIS in the research field and its application in planning practice. This paper demonstrates the potential for employing simple GIS mapping overlays as a way of communicating complex planning issues in a ‘language’ that is easily understandable and effective at stimulating policy debate, critical thinking, and learning. The analysis focuses on capturing the synergies and conflicts in two key planning challenges in England, progrowth and housing delivery agendas. In a political context where spatial evidence-based policy making has been eroded in recent years, the analysis demonstrates the need for policy makers to ‘think spatially, act spatially’ when developing different policies and programmes. The paper concludes that only by making spatial relationships of policies and programmes explicit in a manner that is easily understood by a range of actors, can different spatial scenarios and metaphors of future opportunities and challenges be developed to inform long-range development and planning.
There is a long lineage in neighbourhood research that has underpinned sustained academic and pol... more There is a long lineage in neighbourhood research that has underpinned sustained academic and policy interest in the UK centred on understanding how spatial ‘clusters’ of neighbourhood-based deprivation might be destabilised. This has seen the privileging of composite indices in the analysis of deprivation which have been criticised for fostering a common perception that deprived neighbourhoods are homogeneous in terms of their compositions and underlying structures. Such indices have also been criticised for being ineffective at capturing temporal change, providing only static snapshots of deprivation at particular points in time. This paper focuses on patterns of deprived neighbourhood change in the Greater Manchester city-region between 2001 and 2007. It develops a typology of neighbourhood change that is triangulated with three complementary typologies capturing the socioeconomic and demographic compositions of deprived neighbourhoods; the functional roles played by deprived neighbourhoods in redistributing population through migration; and the spatial contexts in which deprived neighbourhoods are located. The analysis reveals that an over reliance on static indices to measure deprivation has long-served to conceal complexities in the way that deprived neighbourhoods change, owing to their variable structures and contexts. It illustrates the danger that lies in treating all deprived neighbourhoods in the same way.
Growth Commission and aspects of recent research in the Spatial Economics Research Centre, includ... more Growth Commission and aspects of recent research in the Spatial Economics Research Centre, including some of his own, Overman accuses us of misreading, misinterpreting, and misrepresenting his work, providing some detailed comments to back up his view . We will deal quickly with some of Overman's arguments, which seem to us to be based on a misreading, misinterpretation, and misrepresentation of our own argument. We will end with a short section in which we try to make clear once again why these debates matter, both in terms of their academic merit and how they are translated into wider political debate.
Increased policy interest in geographical mobility necessitates a fuller understanding of the une... more Increased policy interest in geographical mobility necessitates a fuller understanding of the uneven spatial patterning of migration in Europe. This paper reports on research exploring the experience of cities and regions in respect of migration, and the socio-economic factors associated with disparities in net migration across sub-national areas. This involved modelling the relationship between net migration over the period 2001–2006 and the underlying socio-economic circumstances across European cities and regions, and generating an area typology that captured variable experiences with regard to migration. The results of multivariate analysis suggest that urban areas are more likely than other types of areas to have net in-migration levels which exceed those expected given their socio-economic characteristics, both for places with flourishing economies and unmet demand for labour as well as those whose economic fortunes are less buoyant. The results also suggest that the experience of cities and regions is polarized, with large urban areas featuring prominently among the best and worst performing areas in respect of net in-migration. The potential implication of this complex pattern is that bespoke, rather than blanket, policy interventions are required to address the variable experiences of cities and regions in relation to migration.
Uneven spatial development has long been a characteristic feature of the economic and social fabr... more Uneven spatial development has long been a characteristic feature of the economic and social fabric of the UK. The north–south divide has become something of a hegemonic narrative in the UK and this has served to mask an ‘archipelago’ of variegate spatial development in housing and locality conditions at sub-national and sub-regional scales. This paper explores the changing nature of sub-regional housing and locality conditions across the UK and evidence is found of significant spatial variation in the way that places responded to the effects of the most recent economic recession
Local Enterprise Partnerships in England were intended as organic entities in which coalitions of... more Local Enterprise Partnerships in England were intended as organic entities in which coalitions of local actors, led by business interests, would determine locally relevant policy for self-defined spatial units. Informed by ideas around localism and the desire to extend sub-national economic development policy making beyond the local state, central government envisaged an increased unevenness in local governance arrangements and policy approaches. The article assesses the experiences of four Local Enterprise Partnerships, employing social network analysis in an attempt to systematise the comparison of actor relationships and urban governance arrangements. The article considers the degree to which the discursive emphasis on liberating local policy actors from central government control has any empirical basis in the variable shape and structure of local elite actor networks. It argues that although Local Enterprise Partnerships operate within an environment characterised by lighter touch regulation, there is a dissonance between local discretion and the political imperative for central government to exercise oversight. Equally, variability in the web of actor interactions across the sample of Local Enterprise Partnerships suggests that asymmetrical urban governance and competitive localism are intrinsic features of post-regional local economic development, reflecting a wider national framework for spatial policy in which diversity in sub-national institutional form is viewed as a source of policy innovation and dynamism.
This article examines the experience of operationalising the housing market area (HMA) framework ... more This article examines the experience of operationalising the housing market area (HMA) framework in England and reflects on the value of adopting HMAs in strategic planning of housing. The paper argues that the operationalisation of HMAs in the English regions has been a challenging exercise, but that HMAs have the potential to frame the development of housing market intelligence and to underpin the analysis of housing market functionality at sub-national level. The challenge for policy and practice lies in harnessing this evidence-framing and analytical potential more effectively than has been the case to date.
This paper explores the use of evidence in the making of local development frameworks in England,... more This paper explores the use of evidence in the making of local development frameworks in England, introduced as part of the 2004 Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act. The reforms dictate that for a plan to be considered ‘sound’, the policy choices it contains must be justified through the compilation and use of an appropriate evidence base. The paper draws on research undertaken as part of the UK government-sponsored Spatial Plans in Practice (SPiP) project looking into the operation of the reformed spatial planning system in England. It draws on the findings of a number of reports produced as part of this research on the use of evidence in the making of local development frameworks in England as well as wider components of the SPiP project including interviews with local authority planning officers, documentary review of adopted planning documents (core strategies and area action plans) and a longitudinal suite of case studies covering a number of local planning authorities using both qualitative semi-structured interviews and a strategic survey. The paper finds grounds to believe that, although local planning authorities are collecting more evidence than ever before, the culture of using evidence to inform policy-making is far from a well established or uniform practice.
The adoption of administrative boundaries as approximations of housing markets has long restricte... more The adoption of administrative boundaries as approximations of housing markets has long restricted the scope for housing market analysis and planning policy development to be undertaken within a functional housing market framework in England. This has prompted consideration of the value of deriving housing market areas (HMAs) to underpin the development of housing market intelligence for planning and policy purposes. Drawing on a case study of North West England, this paper critically reviews alternative approaches that have been used to define HMAs. The review highlights that in practice technical and methodological constraints have restricted the operationalisation of an idealised conceptualisation of HMAs.
As joint authors of ``Getting involved in plan making ...'' (Baker et al, 2010) we are delighted ... more As joint authors of ``Getting involved in plan making ...'' (Baker et al, 2010) we are delighted that it gained the distinction of being the year's `most downloaded' paper and are honoured to have the opportunity to write a retrospective. The opportunity to revisit the paper is particularly welcome as issues relating to participation and stakeholder involvement in plan making have arguably become even more relevant in England since the election of the coalition government in 2010 and the introduction of neighbourhood plans, which have been accompanied by heightened expectations of community involvement. Meanwhile, the simultaneous dismantling of the regional tier of strategy making has left something of a vacuum in terms of formal strategic spatial planning at the regional and subregional scales. The vacuum may eventually be filled by more fluid and experimental ways of strategic thinking and strategy making (eg, via local enterprise partnerships), but this will pose even greater challenges for successful participation and stakeholder involvement. The topics addressed in the paper are likely to be just as important in future years as they were when the paper was written around 2009.
A review is presented of the requirements of a framework for the delineation of housing market ar... more A review is presented of the requirements of a framework for the delineation of housing market areas (HMAs) in the context of undertaking a housing market assessment. This prompts adoption of a methodology that features an iterative application of information obtained from estate agents, to identify HMA cores, and a functional regionalisation of 2001 Census interward migration fl ows. The approach is demonstrated using data for North West England. The concluding section explores some implications of the HMA framework for policy and future research.
This paper examines the delivery of infrastructure requirements related to the plan-making (LDF) ... more This paper examines the delivery of infrastructure requirements related to the plan-making (LDF) process in England introduced as part of the 2004 planning system reforms. Success or otherwise in terms of plan implementation and infrastructure delivery is crucial if the reformed spatial planning system is to be successful. The paper draws on research undertaken as part of a government-sponsored research project into the operation of the new LDF process. The research reveals a significant gap between government expectations and current practice. It suggests that longer-term commitments by central government, alongside improved understanding of the spatial planning process and the role of local government as part of a continued drive for ‘culture change’ among local planning authorities and delivery partners, will be required if the current barriers to the delivery of infrastructure are to be overcome. Otherwise, the new-style LDFs are as likely to be plagued by implementation gaps as were their predecessors.
In 2004 the English planning system was subject to extensive reforms which introduced a `spatial ... more In 2004 the English planning system was subject to extensive reforms which introduced a `spatial planning' approach that goes beyond traditional land-use planning in integrating policies for the development and use of land with other policies and programmes which influence the nature of places. At the regional level, regional planning guidance was replaced by regional spatial strategies (RSSs) and, at the local level, existing local land-use planning documents were replaced with a portfolio of documents that make up the new local development framework (LDF). Together, the LDF and RSS make up the statutory development plan for an area. At the heart of the new spatial planning reforms is a heightened emphasis on stakeholder and community involvement. This paper brings together research at two different spatial scales. The `Spatial Plans in Practice' study examined stakeholder involvement in LDF preparation across England. Parallel research examined the experience of stakeholders in the formation of the North West RSS. Drawing on this empirical base, we examine experiences of stakeholder involvement in the reformed spatial planning system and discuss the implications for the future.
In developed formal economies, the majority of people at some point in their lives will, at the s... more In developed formal economies, the majority of people at some point in their lives will, at the same time, participate in both the housing and labour markets. However, most people will not live and work in the same place but will instead have to contend with balancing disconnected residential and workplace locations. The interaction of housing and labour markets has long been recognized as a key process shaping the structure of cities and regions. This paper offers a critical reflection on the capacity and scope of recent policy interventions, underpinned by a new spatial planning-based system, to address the interaction of housing and labour markets in the English regions.
Daily interaction of housing and labour markets in North West England, Regional Studies. The impo... more Daily interaction of housing and labour markets in North West England, Regional Studies. The importance of the daily spatial interaction of housing and labour markets has long been recognized due to the role that housing and labour market interaction plays in structuring cities and regions. However, the extent to which policies are sensitized to the interaction of residential and workplace locations is questionable. This paper undertakes a systematic examination of the daily interaction of sub-regional housing and labour markets drawing on 2001 Census commuting data from North West England. The intention is to provide evidence of the nature of the daily spatial interaction of housing and labour markets to inform policy.
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Papers by Stephen Hincks