Magnesium sulfat

Magnesium sulfate
	Jeneng IUPAC Magnesium sulfate
	Jeneng liya Epsom salt (heptahydrate); English salt; Bitter salts; Bath salts
Identifikasi
Nomor CAS	[7487-88-9]
PubChem	24083
ChEBI	CHEBI:32599
Nomer RTECS	OM4500000
SMILES	[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
InChI	1/Mg.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
Sifat
Rumus molekul	MgSO4
Massa molar	120.366 g/mol (anhydrous); 138.38 g/mol (monohydrate); 174.41 g/mol (trihydrate); 210.44 g/mol (pentahydrate); 228.46 g/mol (hexahydrate); 246.47 g/mol (heptahydrate)
Panampilan	white crystalline solid
Ambu	odorless
Densitas	2.66 g/cm3 (anhydrous); 2.445 g/cm3 (monohydrate); 1.68 g/cm3 (heptahydrate); 1.512 g/cm3 (11-hydrate)
Titik leleh	anhydrous decomposes at 1,124 °C; monohydrate decomposes at 200 °C; heptahydrate decomposes at 150 °C; undecahydrate decomposes at 2 °C
Kelarutan dalam air	anhydrous; 26.9 g/100 mL (0 °C); 35.1 g/100 mL (20 °C); 50.2 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate; 113 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Kelarutan	1.16 g/100 mL (18 °C, ether); slightly soluble in alcohol, glycerol; insoluble in acetone
Struktur
Struktur kristal	monoclinic (hydrate)
Bahaya
NFPA 704	0 1 0
Senyawa kagandhèng
Kation liyané	Beryllium sulfate; Calcium sulfate; Strontium sulfate; Barium sulfate
	Kejaba ditélakaké suwaliké, data ing ndhuwur kanggo; ing suhu lan tekanan standar (25°C, 100 kPa); Sangkalan lan referensi

Cithakan:Chembox MagSus Cithakan:Chembox RefractIndex Cithakan:Chembox Pharmacology

Magnesium sulfat utawa magnesium sulphate (ing basa Inggris Britania) minangka senyawa kimia, uyah kanthi rumus MgSO₄, kalebu kation magnesium Mg₂₊ (20,19% kanthi massa) lan anion sulfat SO₄^2-. Iki minangka kristal putih padhet, larut ing banyu nanging ora ana ing etanol. Magnesium sulfat biasané ditemoni ing wangun saka hydrate MgSO₄·nH₂O ,kanggo macem-macem nilai n antara 1 lan 11. Sing paling umum yaiku MgSO₄·7H₂O, dikenal minangka uyah Epsom, sing minangka bahan kimia rumah tangga sing akéh nggunakaké tradisional, kalebu uyah adus.^[1]

Panggunaan utama magnesium sulfat yaiku ing tetanén, kanggo mbeneraké lemah sing kurang magnesium (nutrisi tanduran penting). Monohidrat disenengi kanggo nggunakaké iki; ing pertengahan taun 1970-an, prodhuksi dadi 2,3 yuta ton saben taun.^[2] Wangun anhidrat lan pirang-pirang hidrat ing alam minangka mineral, lan uyah minangka komponén penting banyu saka sawetara tuk.

Sipat fisik magnesium sulfat

Relaksasi magnesium sulfat minangka mekanisme utama sing nyebabaké panyerepan swara ing banyu laut kanthi frekuensi ing ndhuwur 10 kHz ^[3] ( energi akustik diowahi dadi énégi termal ). Frekuensi ngisor kurang diserap uyah, saengga swara frekuensi kurang luwih adoh ing sagara. Asam borat lan magnesium karbonat uga nyumbang kanggo nyerap.^[4]

Guna magnesium sulfat

Médhis

Magnesium sulfat digunakaké ing njaba (minangka uyah Epsom) lan njero. Pemanfaatan eksternal utama yaiku formulasi minangka uyah adus, utamané kanggo sikil kanggo ngenthengaké sikil sing lara. Siram kaya mengkene uga nyenengaké lan nyepetaké pemulihan otot, lara, utawa cilaka. Nanging, klaim kasebut durung dikonfirmasi kanthi ilmiah. Keuntungan utama uyah yaiku kosmetik: ngalangi kerut kulit sauntara amarga dicelupaké kanthi suwe ing banyu kosong.^[1]^[5] Iki uga komponén umum saka solusi sing digunakaké ing tank isolasi.

Ing Inggris, obat sing ngemot magnesium sulfat lan fenol, sing diarani "drawing paste", diklaim migunani kanggo bisul cilik utawa infeksi lokal ^[6] lan ngilangi serpihan.^[7] Secara internal, magnesium sulfat bisa uga ditrapaké kanthi rute oral, napas, utawa intravena. Panggunaan internal kalebu terapi panggantos kanggo kurang magnesium,^[8] perawatan aritmia akut lan abot,^[9] minangka bronkodilator ing perawatan panandhang asma,^[10] lan nyegah eklampsia.^[11]

Pertanian

Ing tetanén, magnesium sulfat digunakaké kanggo nambah isi magnesium utawa belerang ing lemah . Umume digunakaké kanggo tanduran pot, utawa kanggo tanduran sing lapar magnesium kayata kentang, tomat, wortel, mrica, jeruk nipis, lan mawar. Keuntungan magnesium sulfat tinimbang parubahan lemah magnesium liyané (kayata jeruk dolomit ) yaiku kelarutan sing dhuwur, sing uga ngidini pilihan panganan foliar. Solusi magnesium sulfat uga meh pH netral, dibandhingaké karo uyah alkalin magnesium kaya sing ditemokaké ing watu gamping; mula, panggunaan magnesium sulfat minangka sumber magnesium kanggo lemah ora bakal ngowahi pH lemah kanthi signifikan.^[12]

Magnesium sulfat sacara historis digunakaké minangka perawatan kanggo keracunan timah sadurungé pangembangan terapi chelasi, amarga samesthiné manawa ana timbal sing dicerna bakal diencerké dening magnesium sulfat lan banjur diresiki saka sistem pencernaan.^[13] Aplikasi iki nuduhaké panggunaan nyebar ing kalangan dokter hewan sajrone wiwitan abad kaping 20 nganti pertengahan; Uyah epsom wis kasedhiya ing pirang-pirang peternakan kanggo digunakaké ing tetanén, lan asring diwènèhaké ing perawatan kéwan tani sing tanpa sengaja ngonsumsi timah.^[14]^[15]

Pangan

Magnesium sulfat digunakaké minangka uyah kanggo nggawé bir.^[16] Iki uga bisa digunakaké minangka koagulan kanggo nggawé tahu.^[17]

Akuaria

Heptahidrat magnesium sulfat uga digunakaké kanggo njaga konsentrasi magnesium ing akuarium laut sing ngemot karang karang sing akéh banget, amarga alon-alon ilang ing proses kalsifikasi. Ing akuarium laut kekurangan magnesium, konsentrasi kalsium lan alkalinitas angel banget dikontrol amarga ora cukup magnesium kanggo stabil ion kasebut ing banyu asin lan nyegah udan spontan dadi kalsium karbonat.^[18]

Paripustaka

↑ ^a ^b "Quick Cures/Quack Cures: Is Epsom Worth Its Salt?". The Wall Street Journal. 9 April 2012. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 12 April 2012. Dibukak ing 15 June 2019.
↑ Industrial Inorganic Chemistry, Karl Heinz Büchel, Hans-Heinrich Moretto, Dietmar Werner, John Wiley & Sons, 2d edition, 2000, ISBN 978-3-527-61333-5
↑ "Underlying physics and mechanisms for the absorption of sound in seawater". Resource.npl.co.uk. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 18 June 2009. Dibukak ing 2009-07-06.
↑ Michael A. Ainslie, Principles of Sonar Performance Modeling, p.18
↑ Ingraham, Paul. "Does Epsom Salt Work? The science of Epsom salt bathing for recovery from muscle pain, soreness, or injury". Pain Science. Diarsip saka asliné ing 10 September 2016. Dibukak ing 29 August 2016.
↑ "Boots Magnesium Sulfate Paste B.P. - Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk (ing basa Inggris). Dibukak ing 14 April 2018.
↑ "Removing a splinter with Magnesium Sulphate".
↑ "Pharmaceutical Information – Magnesium Sulfate". RxMed. Diarsip saka asliné ing 3 April 2009. Dibukak ing 2009-07-06.
↑ "CPR and First Aid: Antiarrhythmic Drugs During and Immediately After Cardiac Arrest (section)". American Heart Association. Dibukak ing 29 August 2016. Previous ACLS guidelines addressed the use of magnesium in cardiac arrest with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (ie, torsades de pointes) or suspected hypomagnesemia, and this has not been reevaluated in the 2015 Guidelines Update. These previous guidelines recommended defibrillation for termination of polymorphic VT (ie, torsades de pointes), followed by consideration of intravenous magnesium sulfate when secondary to a long QT interval.
↑ Blitz M, Blitz S, Hughes R, Diner B, Beasley R, Knopp J, Rowe BH (2005). "Aerosolized magnesium sulfate for acute asthma: a systematic review". Chest. 128 (1): 337–344. doi:10.1378/chest.128.1.337. PMID 16002955..
↑ Duley, L; Gülmezoglu, AM; Henderson-Smart, DJ; Chou, D (10 November 2010). "Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (11): CD000025. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000025.pub2. PMC 7061250. PMID 21069663.
↑ "Pubchem: magnesium sulfate". Diarsip saka asliné ing 18 October 2016.
↑ Wood, H. C. (1877). A Treatise on Therapeutics, Comprising Materia Medica and Toxicology, with Especial Reference to the Application of the Physiological Action of Drugs to Clinical Medicine. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. kc. 34. The treatment of acute lead-poisoning consists in the evacuation of the stomach, if necessary, the exhibition of the sulphate of sodium or of magnesium, and the meeting of the indications as they arrive. The Epsom and Glauber's salts act as chemical antidotes, by precipitating the insoluble sulphate of lead, and also, if in excess, empty the bowel of the compound formed.
↑ Barker, C. A. V. (January 1945). "Experience with Lead Poisoning". Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Science. 9 (1): 6–8. PMC 1660962. PMID 17648099. Udall (1) suggests sodium citrate as of some value together with Epsom salts which will bring about a precipitation of the lead in the form of an insoluble compound. Nelson (3) reported a case that survived following the use of a 20% magnesium sulphate solution intravenously, subcutaneously and orally. McIntosh (5) has suggested that purgative doses of Epsom salts may be effective in combining with the lead and overcoming the toxicity.
↑ Herriot, James (1972). All Creatures Great and Small. New York: St. Martin's Press. kc. 157. ISBN 0-312-08498-6. The specific antidotes to metal poisoning had not been discovered and the only thing which sometimes did a bit of good was magnesium sulphate which caused the precipitation of insoluble lead sulphate. The homely term for magnesium sulphate is, of course, epsom salts.
↑ "Magnesium Sulphate". National Home Brew. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 1 August 2016. Dibukak ing 4 January 2019.
↑ Cithakan:Cite patent
↑ "Do-It-Yourself Magnesium Supplements for the Reef Aquarium". Reefkeeping. 2006. Diarsip saka asliné ing 22 March 2008. Dibukak ing 2008-03-14.

[wsjdXXXX2-1] "Quick Cures/Quack Cures: Is Epsom Worth Its Salt?". The Wall Street Journal. 9 April 2012. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 12 April 2012. Dibukak ing 15 June 2019.

[buch2000-2] Industrial Inorganic Chemistry, Karl Heinz Büchel, Hans-Heinrich Moretto, Dietmar Werner, John Wiley & Sons, 2d edition, 2000, ISBN 978-3-527-61333-5

[3] "Underlying physics and mechanisms for the absorption of sound in seawater". Resource.npl.co.uk. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 18 June 2009. Dibukak ing 2009-07-06.

[4] Michael A. Ainslie, Principles of Sonar Performance Modeling, p.18

[ingra2016-5] Ingraham, Paul. "Does Epsom Salt Work? The science of Epsom salt bathing for recovery from muscle pain, soreness, or injury". Pain Science. Diarsip saka asliné ing 10 September 2016. Dibukak ing 29 August 2016.

[boots2018-6] "Boots Magnesium Sulfate Paste B.P. - Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk (ing basa Inggris). Dibukak ing 14 April 2018.

[splinter-7] "Removing a splinter with Magnesium Sulphate".

[rxmed2009-8] "Pharmaceutical Information – Magnesium Sulfate". RxMed. Diarsip saka asliné ing 3 April 2009. Dibukak ing 2009-07-06.

[heart2016-9] "CPR and First Aid: Antiarrhythmic Drugs During and Immediately After Cardiac Arrest (section)". American Heart Association. Dibukak ing 29 August 2016. Previous ACLS guidelines addressed the use of magnesium in cardiac arrest with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (ie, torsades de pointes) or suspected hypomagnesemia, and this has not been reevaluated in the 2015 Guidelines Update. These previous guidelines recommended defibrillation for termination of polymorphic VT (ie, torsades de pointes), followed by consideration of intravenous magnesium sulfate when secondary to a long QT interval.

[blitz2005-10] Blitz M, Blitz S, Hughes R, Diner B, Beasley R, Knopp J, Rowe BH (2005). "Aerosolized magnesium sulfate for acute asthma: a systematic review". Chest. 128 (1): 337–344. doi:10.1378/chest.128.1.337. PMID 16002955..

[duley2010-11] Duley, L; Gülmezoglu, AM; Henderson-Smart, DJ; Chou, D (10 November 2010). "Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (11): CD000025. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000025.pub2. PMC 7061250. PMID 21069663.

[pubchem-12] "Pubchem: magnesium sulfate". Diarsip saka asliné ing 18 October 2016.

[hcwood-13] Wood, H. C. (1877). A Treatise on Therapeutics, Comprising Materia Medica and Toxicology, with Especial Reference to the Application of the Physiological Action of Drugs to Clinical Medicine. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. kc. 34. The treatment of acute lead-poisoning consists in the evacuation of the stomach, if necessary, the exhibition of the sulphate of sodium or of magnesium, and the meeting of the indications as they arrive. The Epsom and Glauber's salts act as chemical antidotes, by precipitating the insoluble sulphate of lead, and also, if in excess, empty the bowel of the compound formed.

[Barker1945-14] Barker, C. A. V. (January 1945). "Experience with Lead Poisoning". Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Science. 9 (1): 6–8. PMC 1660962. PMID 17648099. Udall (1) suggests sodium citrate as of some value together with Epsom salts which will bring about a precipitation of the lead in the form of an insoluble compound. Nelson (3) reported a case that survived following the use of a 20% magnesium sulphate solution intravenously, subcutaneously and orally. McIntosh (5) has suggested that purgative doses of Epsom salts may be effective in combining with the lead and overcoming the toxicity.

[herriot-15] Herriot, James (1972). All Creatures Great and Small. New York: St. Martin's Press. kc. 157. ISBN 0-312-08498-6. The specific antidotes to metal poisoning had not been discovered and the only thing which sometimes did a bit of good was magnesium sulphate which caused the precipitation of insoluble lead sulphate. The homely term for magnesium sulphate is, of course, epsom salts.

[brew2016-16] "Magnesium Sulphate". National Home Brew. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 1 August 2016. Dibukak ing 4 January 2019.

[matsu2000-17] Cithakan:Cite patent

[aqua2006-18] "Do-It-Yourself Magnesium Supplements for the Reef Aquarium". Reefkeeping. 2006. Diarsip saka asliné ing 22 March 2008. Dibukak ing 2008-03-14.

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