Papers by Veronica Gallo
PPE.Atti XV, 2022
The use of natural and artificial hypogea is a widespread practice along the course of the Fiora ... more The use of natural and artificial hypogea is a widespread practice along the course of the Fiora River in pre-protohistoric period. In fact, the phenomenon began in the Upper Palaeolithic, when the frequentation of natural cavities began: it is documented here in the Settecannelle Cave, which later, in the Neolithic, became a burial place.
A major break occurs in the Copper Age, with the oven-shaped tombs of the Rinaldone Culture: they represent the first evidence of artificial hypogeism in the area. The same type of structure is used during the transition between Rinaldone and Bell Baker Culture, still for funerary purposes (see Fontanile di Raim), but also for cultic purposes, as in the only case of Fosso Conicchio During the Bronze Age, natural cavities are frequented again: in the Early and Middle Bronze Age, natural caves and fissures are mainly used as burial grounds (e.g. Grotta di Carli, Felcetone) or as cultual/ritual sites (e.g. Grotta Nuova, Poggio La Sassaiola), but there is also evidence of occasional/seasonal inhabitation (e.g.
Grotta della Paternale). At the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, artificial burial hypogeism reappears, with the chamber tombs (Roccoia, Prato di Frabulino, Civita di Musarna).
The Recent Bronze Age represents a significant change: artificial burial hypogeism ends and the previously utilised natural cavities are no longer used. Then, during the Late Bronze Age, the hypogeism phenomenon is documented in Sorgenti della Nova settlement: here, numerous caves are excavated along the sides of the cliff, overlooking the same terraces where elliptical huts with channel foundations and structures embedded in the rock are realized. These spaces perform different functions: dwellings, service rooms, places of worship.
The territory of the future Vulci thus allows the phenomenon of pre- and protohistoric hypogeism to be investigated in a diachronic line of development characterised by both continuity and deep divisions, reflecting socio-cultural changes in ancient communities.
PPE.Atti XV, 2022
As it is well known, three main dwelling models have been brought to light in Sorgenti della Nova... more As it is well known, three main dwelling models have been brought to light in Sorgenti della Nova settlement; large elliptical huts with channel foundations, structures embedded in the rock, and artificial caves. While the first two are well documented in Tuscany and Latium, to date, no other contemporary site with caves artificially excavated in the rocky bank has been thoroughly investigated.
Therefore, Sorgenti della Nova is a unique case of artificial hypogeism during the Late Bronze Age in the area. Numerous caves have been identified in the settlement and some of them were readapted and reoccupied during the Middle Ages. The investigated caves were used for different purposes, such as: proper dwellings, cultic space and service areas, as storage or as a place to perform special activities.
An example of this is what was uncovered between 1976 and 1981 in sector III, which was fortunately spared from the medieval occupation that affected many areas of the cliff. Here, in fact, in addition to two large elliptical huts and other accessory structures (an oven and two cavities), there are six artificial caves with different spatial characteristics and uses: among these, Cave 13 constitutes a real dwelling, Cave 12 is configured as a service room and the complex of Caves 10-11 represents a place of worship. The current state of studies also confirms the diachrony between the elliptical dwellings and Cave 13: as the former approached its abandonment, the use of the latter began.
PICUS, 2023
Durante l'età del ferro il Piceno diventa uno dei luoghi di maggior concentrazione di manufatti i... more Durante l'età del ferro il Piceno diventa uno dei luoghi di maggior concentrazione di manufatti in ambra di tutta Italia: sono attestati vaghi, pendagli, distanziatori di fili, bottoni, elementi di orecchini, grandi anelli, elementi di fibule, rivestimenti di spilloni, intarsi e castoni 1. Tra questi si trovano anche esemplari figurati, che non sono stati lavorati per assumere semplicemente una forma geometrica, ma che ritraggono soggetti generalmente antropomorfi e zoomorfi, con alcuni casi di scene complesse che presentano più personaggi 2. Le ambre figurate rinvenute nel Piceno si concentrano cronologicamente nel VI secolo a.C., con alcune testimonianze precedenti ascritte all'VIII e al VII secolo, e provengono da contesti funerari situati a Sirolo/Numana (AN), Ancona, Pianello di Castelbellino (AN), Matelica (MC), Pitino di San Severino (MC), Recanati (MC), Montegiorgio (FM) e Belmonte Piceno (FM). Questi manufatti costituiscono un insieme particolare all'interno del più vasto panorama delle ambre 1 NEGRONI CATACCHIO 2003. 2 Per un panorama sulle ambre figurate della Penisola italiana si veda NE-GRONI CATACCHIO 1978, 1989 e, da ultimo, 2021: laddove non diversamente specificato, le informazioni riportate nel presente contributo sono tratte dai suddetti articoli.
The Pre-Roman cemetery of CUS-Piovego is placed in Isola di S. Lazzaro/S. Gregorio, an area locat... more The Pre-Roman cemetery of CUS-Piovego is placed in Isola di S. Lazzaro/S. Gregorio, an area located on the eastern edge of Padua between the Piovego canal to the north and the Roncajette river to the south. In 1975-77 and 1986-89, the necropolis was investigated by the then Istituto di Archeologia dell'Università di Padova in order to clear the area for the construction of the CUS (Centro Sportivo Universitario): in fact, in the area nearby, in 1963-1964 the earthworks carried out by the local gas company had brought to light many artefacts related to Iron Age graves. The excavations revealed part of a large biritual cemetery (both cremation and inhumation burials) datable between the second half of the sixth and the first half of the fourth century BC. The case study proposed examines a cremation burial investigated during the exploratory trenches carried out in December 1975, whose history has undergone many interruptions. Over time, the information about the location of the burial had been lost and its artefacts had been registered with different names, which led to consider the objects as coming from different graves. Based on the critical restudying of the limited data available, the burial has been positioned in the cemetery plan and all the artefacts have been gathered in the "new" tomba 4/1975. Thus, it has been possible to redefine a burial in dolium with a rich funeral kit. This paper, on the one hand, focuses on the methodology and the techniques that have allowed the reconstruction of the burial and, on the other hand, aims to define, more generally, how it is possible to restore the identity to the evidence of the past whose memory had been lost, even if incomplete data sources are available.
RIVISTA DI SCIENZE PREISTORICHE, 2020
Italia tra Mediterraneo ed Europa: mobilità, interazioni e scambi-p. 3 Con il volume intitolato I... more Italia tra Mediterraneo ed Europa: mobilità, interazioni e scambi-p. 3 Con il volume intitolato Italia tra Mediterraneo ed Europa l'Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria inaugura la Serie dei numeri speciali della Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche. La nuova serie, che mantiene la veste grafica e le norme editoriali della Rivista, è stata pensata per accogliere volumi dedicati all'approfondimento di tematiche specifiche, con guest editors e procedura di peer-rewiev estesa a tutti i contributi. L'intento è quello di dare spazio alle molteplici occasioni di riflessione incentrate sulle tematiche della ricerca preistorica e protostorica in Italia, valorizzando l'attività scientifica degli studiosi e destinando loro una sede editoriale rispondente agli attuali sistemi di valutazione accademica. Già a partire da questo numero saranno quindi pubblicati in questa sede anche gli esiti delle Riunioni Scientifiche dell'Istituto, sostituendo la collana "Studi di Preistoria e Protostoria" che si avvia a conclusione. Per quanto riguarda i criteri editoriali, si è scelto di salvaguardare la distinzione delle due serie (ordinaria e speciale): la Rivista proseguirà la numerazione attuale con cadenza regolare e numeri romani, mentre la serie speciale manterrà il numero della rivista relativo all'anno di uscita, aggiungendo a seguire una numerazione (S1, S2, S3,...) in progressione interna continua. L'adozione di un colore differente per le scritte di copertina e l'inserimento di un logo di volta in volta differenziato, utile a identificare lo specifico numero tematico, completano la veste editoriale dei numeri speciali. Mi preme sottolineare il respiro internazionale con cui si inaugura la serie speciale, con un volume che rappresenta un'importante riflessione sul tema dei molteplici contatti che il nostro Paese ha stretto, fin dalla preistoria, con gli altri paesi d'Europa e del Mediterraneo, ricevendone influssi che ha spesso integrato nel proprio patrimonio, rielaborandoli e ritrasmettendoli a sua volta. Alla curatrice, già Presidente dell'Istituto dott.ssa Maria Bernabò Brea e al Direttore della Rivista, prof. Carlo Lugliè va il mio sentito ringraziamento per aver reso possibile questo progetto.
Si prendono qui in esame le ambre figurate preromane che rappresentano felini. Tra i rinvenimenti... more Si prendono qui in esame le ambre figurate preromane che rappresentano felini. Tra i rinvenimenti della Penisola italiana si contano ad oggi 33 esemplari, ma molti altri sono conservati in musei stranieri, senza indicazione del luogo di ritrovamento; coprono un arco cronologico compreso tra la metà del VII e il IV secolo a.C. e provengono da Etruria padana, Piceno, regioni meridionali (attuali Puglia, Basilicata e Campania) e area etrusco-laziale. Al di fuori della Penisola, alcune ambre sono state portate alla luce in Serbia, Israele e Siria. I manufatti italici fungevano per lo più da pendagli e, talvolta, rivestivano un arco di fibula. Dal punto di vista iconografico, si tratta soprattutto di protomi, di felini in posizione accovacciata, di scene con più animali e di altri unica. Lo studio stilistico delle ambre figurate in forma di felini ci permette di ricostruire infine parte delle vie di scambio attive durante l'età del ferro, delineando, ad esempio, la circolazione dei medesimi modelli lungo la sponda adriatica italiana nei secoli VI e V a.C. Parole chiave-ambra; età del ferro; felino; leone Title-Carved ambers shaped as felines in the Italian Peninsula Abstract-In this paper, we discuss pre-Roman carved ambers representing felines. There are currently 33 examples found on the Italian Peninsula, but many others are stored in foreign museums without information about their provenance. They are dated between the middle of the 7th and 4th century BC and come from Po Valley Etruria, Piceno, southern regions (present-day Puglia, Basilicata and Campania), and the Etruscan-Latial area. Outside the Peninsula, some ambers have been found in Serbia, Israel and Syria. The Italic artefacts were mostly used as pendants and sometimes covered the bow of a fibula. Iconographically, they are mainly protomes, felines in a crouching position, scenes with different animals, and other unica. The stylistic study of carved ambers shaped as felines allows us to reconstruct part of the trade routes active during the Iron Age, outlining, for example, the circulation of the same models along the Italian Adriatic shore in the 6th and 5th century BC.
Ai sensi della L. 633/41, art. 70, cc. 1 e 3 e successive modificazioni, e laddove non sia indica... more Ai sensi della L. 633/41, art. 70, cc. 1 e 3 e successive modificazioni, e laddove non sia indicata una specifica autorizzazione alla riproduzione, i testi stampati nel presente volume riproducono tavole e figure già apparse in precedenti pubblicazioni e scelte dai singoli autori, che ne dichiarano in tutti i casi l'origine. Gli Autori sono responsabili di quanto riportato nei testi, nonché di eventuali errori e omissioni.
PPE XIV, 2020
reperti provenienti dagli scavi del 1974 vennero studiati e utilizzati per illustrare la tipologi... more reperti provenienti dagli scavi del 1974 vennero studiati e utilizzati per illustrare la tipologia ceramica restituita dal sito, edita per la prima volta in Sorgenti Nova 1981. Non era invece mai stata condotta un'analisi dei manufatti finalizzata alla datazione del contesto. 2 L'intervento del 1974 è stato diretto da Ferrante Rittatore Vonwiller; ad esso hanno collaborato la scrivente e Paola Gnesutta Ucelli, cui si devono tutte le fotografie. I diari di scavo fino al 1974, che comprendevano anche la storia degli scavi di altri siti, erano ovviamente custoditi da F. Rittatore V., così come la documentazione relativa; dopo la sua scomparsa non ne è stata più possibile la consultazione e di conseguenza ci si avvale soltanto di alcuni schizzi relativi a piante e ad una sezione, contenenti notizie essenziali sulle strutture e sugli strati, della catalo
PPE XIV, 2020
parzialmente abitativa doveva essere anche la grande struttura rettangolare a base incassata, det... more parzialmente abitativa doveva essere anche la grande struttura rettangolare a base incassata, detta "il fossato", lunga più di 70 m (Negroni Catacchio et alii 2016). 2 Si pensi ad esempio alla stessa Matera e alle numerose chiese rupestri della Puglia.
PPE XIV, 2020
pi si trovano nel settore I, uno nel Ve, un altro nel IX e tre nel settore XII 2. La pianta di qu... more pi si trovano nel settore I, uno nel Ve, un altro nel IX e tre nel settore XII 2. La pianta di queste strutture può essere ellittica, circolare o quadrangolare, più o meno regolare. L'incasso va da 10-20 cm fino a 1,60 m e anche l'ampiezza risulta piuttosto variabile: alcune sono di dimensioni molto piccole e occupano poco più di 2 mq, mentre gli ambienti maggiori arrivano a circa 18 mq (tab. 1).
Studi di Preistoria e Protostoria - 5 - Preistoria e Protostoria del Caput Adriae, 2018
il volume raccoglie la rielaborazione, sottoposta a referee, dei testi presentati in occasione de... more il volume raccoglie la rielaborazione, sottoposta a referee, dei testi presentati in occasione della xlix riunione scientifica dell'istituto italiano di preistoria e protostoria, tenutasi a udine e pordenone dal 9 al 12 ottobre 2014 comitato scientifico maria bernabò brea, elisabetta borgna, paola càssola guida, stašo forenbaher, luigi fozzati, marco peresani, andrea pessina, biba teržan, carlo tozzi, paola visentini, serena vitri redazione elisabetta borgna, paola càssola guida, susi corazza, giovanni tasca, serena vitri con il sostegno di con il contributo di isbn 978-88-6045-069-2 © istituto italiano di preistoria e protostoria, 2018 c/o museo archeologico nazionale di firenze via della pergola, 65, 50121 firenze www.iipp.
PPE.Atti XIII, 2018
Sorgenti della Nova presents a diversified construction typology: along with artificial caves, dw... more Sorgenti della Nova presents a diversified construction typology: along with artificial caves, dwelling founded on channels and monumental ditch structures, there are a few huts embedded in the rock. This kind of dwelling is present in southern Etruria, according to traditional chronology, between the 10th and 7th century BC, with a single exception dated back to the Middle Bronze Age. In Sorgenti della Nova this kind of structures is a major factor in regards to social transformation: it seems that starting from the Late Bronze Age there seems to be a transition from extended family to nuclear one.
In this paper there we illustrate the built-in base dwellings found in the site and give a general picture of the constructive model within the mid-tirrenic area.
PPE.Atti XIII, 2018
All ceramic materials presented in this paper come from Isola Bisentina and from Monte Bisenzio (... more All ceramic materials presented in this paper come from Isola Bisentina and from Monte Bisenzio (Capodimonte, VT) and were found during survey expeditions performed by Università degli Studi di Milano and directed by Nuccia Negroni Catacchio, during 1980s. The study of the finds confirms the continuity that Isola Bisentina and the site of Bisenzio were populated from the Late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age, along with a few testimonies dated back to the Etruscan period, found near the mount. This proves that Bisenzio is different from the other Late Bronze Age dwellings in southern Etruria, as they all present an interruption between the 10th and 9th centuries BC.
Questo volume è stato stampato con il contributo del Centro Studi di Preistoria e Archeologia, Mi... more Questo volume è stato stampato con il contributo del Centro Studi di Preistoria e Archeologia, Milano ISBN 9788894035537
From the Early Bronze Age a series of roads which ran along big rivers linked northern Europe wit... more From the Early Bronze Age a series of roads which ran along big rivers linked northern Europe with the Mediterranean world and Italy in particular. Following these routes, baltic amber reached Italy from around the beginning of the II millennium BC and spread across the whole Peninsula through inner and shipping roads that connected the upper Adriatic to the central-eastern Mediterranean. Amber trades and production continued during the Iron Age and up to the IV century BC, then the findings decrease only to begin again during roman period.
Nel 2008 è stato aperto nella parte orientale della rupe di Sorgenti della Nova, in un punto a su... more Nel 2008 è stato aperto nella parte orientale della rupe di Sorgenti della Nova, in un punto a sud-est della torre medievale, il settore XII ( , attualmente in corso di scavo, che finora ha restituito una grande capanna a base incassata composta da due ambienti comunicanti e alcune strutture di minori dimensioni, il cui scavo è solo iniziato e che potrebbero interpretarsi come ambienti di servizio 1 .
Conference Presentations by Veronica Gallo
25-26 Novembre 2021, Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali
La necropoli di Torre Galli (VV), cronologicamente inquadrata nella prima età del ferro, rapprese... more La necropoli di Torre Galli (VV), cronologicamente inquadrata nella prima età del ferro, rappresenta un contesto funerario di estrema importanza nella Protostoria italiana, prestigio rimarcato dalle numerose sepolture a carattere guerriero che meglio definiscono la struttura delle società militari nell'Italia protostorica.
Call for Paper/Call for Abstract by Veronica Gallo
The Ph.D. course in History, Criticism and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of the University of... more The Ph.D. course in History, Criticism and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of the University of Padua is promoting the organisation of the International
Conference entitled “Interrupted Stories. The recognition and valorisation of forgotten heritage”.
The conference will be held in Padua on 25 and 26 November 2021 and is an opportunity for Ph.D. students from national and international universities to come together and share their expertise. The sessions will be dedicated to exploring theoretical and methodological issues related to the disciplines of Archaeology, History of Art and Performing Arts, with particular attention to the opportunities for the professional and personal growth of young researchers.
The conference aims to investigate the underlying complexities in the process of historical reconstruction intrinsic in every research project. These involve the gap in various forms of documentation that disrupt the history of an artwork, an artifact, a place, and a civilisation.
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Papers by Veronica Gallo
A major break occurs in the Copper Age, with the oven-shaped tombs of the Rinaldone Culture: they represent the first evidence of artificial hypogeism in the area. The same type of structure is used during the transition between Rinaldone and Bell Baker Culture, still for funerary purposes (see Fontanile di Raim), but also for cultic purposes, as in the only case of Fosso Conicchio During the Bronze Age, natural cavities are frequented again: in the Early and Middle Bronze Age, natural caves and fissures are mainly used as burial grounds (e.g. Grotta di Carli, Felcetone) or as cultual/ritual sites (e.g. Grotta Nuova, Poggio La Sassaiola), but there is also evidence of occasional/seasonal inhabitation (e.g.
Grotta della Paternale). At the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, artificial burial hypogeism reappears, with the chamber tombs (Roccoia, Prato di Frabulino, Civita di Musarna).
The Recent Bronze Age represents a significant change: artificial burial hypogeism ends and the previously utilised natural cavities are no longer used. Then, during the Late Bronze Age, the hypogeism phenomenon is documented in Sorgenti della Nova settlement: here, numerous caves are excavated along the sides of the cliff, overlooking the same terraces where elliptical huts with channel foundations and structures embedded in the rock are realized. These spaces perform different functions: dwellings, service rooms, places of worship.
The territory of the future Vulci thus allows the phenomenon of pre- and protohistoric hypogeism to be investigated in a diachronic line of development characterised by both continuity and deep divisions, reflecting socio-cultural changes in ancient communities.
Therefore, Sorgenti della Nova is a unique case of artificial hypogeism during the Late Bronze Age in the area. Numerous caves have been identified in the settlement and some of them were readapted and reoccupied during the Middle Ages. The investigated caves were used for different purposes, such as: proper dwellings, cultic space and service areas, as storage or as a place to perform special activities.
An example of this is what was uncovered between 1976 and 1981 in sector III, which was fortunately spared from the medieval occupation that affected many areas of the cliff. Here, in fact, in addition to two large elliptical huts and other accessory structures (an oven and two cavities), there are six artificial caves with different spatial characteristics and uses: among these, Cave 13 constitutes a real dwelling, Cave 12 is configured as a service room and the complex of Caves 10-11 represents a place of worship. The current state of studies also confirms the diachrony between the elliptical dwellings and Cave 13: as the former approached its abandonment, the use of the latter began.
In this paper there we illustrate the built-in base dwellings found in the site and give a general picture of the constructive model within the mid-tirrenic area.
Conference Presentations by Veronica Gallo
Call for Paper/Call for Abstract by Veronica Gallo
Conference entitled “Interrupted Stories. The recognition and valorisation of forgotten heritage”.
The conference will be held in Padua on 25 and 26 November 2021 and is an opportunity for Ph.D. students from national and international universities to come together and share their expertise. The sessions will be dedicated to exploring theoretical and methodological issues related to the disciplines of Archaeology, History of Art and Performing Arts, with particular attention to the opportunities for the professional and personal growth of young researchers.
The conference aims to investigate the underlying complexities in the process of historical reconstruction intrinsic in every research project. These involve the gap in various forms of documentation that disrupt the history of an artwork, an artifact, a place, and a civilisation.
A major break occurs in the Copper Age, with the oven-shaped tombs of the Rinaldone Culture: they represent the first evidence of artificial hypogeism in the area. The same type of structure is used during the transition between Rinaldone and Bell Baker Culture, still for funerary purposes (see Fontanile di Raim), but also for cultic purposes, as in the only case of Fosso Conicchio During the Bronze Age, natural cavities are frequented again: in the Early and Middle Bronze Age, natural caves and fissures are mainly used as burial grounds (e.g. Grotta di Carli, Felcetone) or as cultual/ritual sites (e.g. Grotta Nuova, Poggio La Sassaiola), but there is also evidence of occasional/seasonal inhabitation (e.g.
Grotta della Paternale). At the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, artificial burial hypogeism reappears, with the chamber tombs (Roccoia, Prato di Frabulino, Civita di Musarna).
The Recent Bronze Age represents a significant change: artificial burial hypogeism ends and the previously utilised natural cavities are no longer used. Then, during the Late Bronze Age, the hypogeism phenomenon is documented in Sorgenti della Nova settlement: here, numerous caves are excavated along the sides of the cliff, overlooking the same terraces where elliptical huts with channel foundations and structures embedded in the rock are realized. These spaces perform different functions: dwellings, service rooms, places of worship.
The territory of the future Vulci thus allows the phenomenon of pre- and protohistoric hypogeism to be investigated in a diachronic line of development characterised by both continuity and deep divisions, reflecting socio-cultural changes in ancient communities.
Therefore, Sorgenti della Nova is a unique case of artificial hypogeism during the Late Bronze Age in the area. Numerous caves have been identified in the settlement and some of them were readapted and reoccupied during the Middle Ages. The investigated caves were used for different purposes, such as: proper dwellings, cultic space and service areas, as storage or as a place to perform special activities.
An example of this is what was uncovered between 1976 and 1981 in sector III, which was fortunately spared from the medieval occupation that affected many areas of the cliff. Here, in fact, in addition to two large elliptical huts and other accessory structures (an oven and two cavities), there are six artificial caves with different spatial characteristics and uses: among these, Cave 13 constitutes a real dwelling, Cave 12 is configured as a service room and the complex of Caves 10-11 represents a place of worship. The current state of studies also confirms the diachrony between the elliptical dwellings and Cave 13: as the former approached its abandonment, the use of the latter began.
In this paper there we illustrate the built-in base dwellings found in the site and give a general picture of the constructive model within the mid-tirrenic area.
Conference entitled “Interrupted Stories. The recognition and valorisation of forgotten heritage”.
The conference will be held in Padua on 25 and 26 November 2021 and is an opportunity for Ph.D. students from national and international universities to come together and share their expertise. The sessions will be dedicated to exploring theoretical and methodological issues related to the disciplines of Archaeology, History of Art and Performing Arts, with particular attention to the opportunities for the professional and personal growth of young researchers.
The conference aims to investigate the underlying complexities in the process of historical reconstruction intrinsic in every research project. These involve the gap in various forms of documentation that disrupt the history of an artwork, an artifact, a place, and a civilisation.
Il volume comprende anche altri studi circa le ambre protostoriche rinvenute nel sito di Roca (Lecce), con relative analisi per la provenienza della materia prima, i manufatti in forma di figura femminile nuda provenienti dall’area etrusco-laziale, una protome di ariete inedita conservata presso il Virginia Museum of Fine Arts di Richmond e le ambre figurate rinvenute presso il sito di Rutigliano (Bari), con particolare attenzione ad una in forma di volatile.
Abstracts in English