Payal Arora
Payal Arora is a Professor of Inclusive AI Cultures at Utrecht University and Co-founder of FemLab, a feminist futures of work initiative. She is a digital anthropologist and an author, speaker, and consultant. Her expertise draws from two decades of user experiences among low-income communities worldwide to shape inclusive designs and policies. She is the author of award-winning books including the “The Next Billion Users” with Harvard Press. Engadget (Top 5 in the ‘Technorati top 100’ and Times endorsed ‘best blogs on tech’) stated that her Harvard book is one of “the most interesting, thought-provoking books on science and technology we can find.” She has an upcoming book ‘From Pessimism to Promise: Lessons from the Global South on Designing Inclusive Tech” with MIT Press and Harper Collins India. Forbes named her the “next billion champion” and “the right kind of person to reform tech.” About 150 international media outlets have covered her work including The BBC, Financial Times, The Economist, Quartz, 99% Invisible, Tech Crunch, The Boston Globe, F.A.Z, The Nation and CBC. She has consulted on tech innovation for diverse organizations such as IDEO, Adobe, Spotify, Google, UNESCO, KPMG, GE, UNHCR, and HP. She has given more than 350+ talks in 115 cities in 67 countries alongside figures like Jimmy Wales and Steve Wozniak and TEDx talks on the future of the internet and innovation. She sits on several boards for organizations such as Soteryx, Columbia University’s Earth Institute and World Women Global Council in New York. She has held Fellow positions at GE, ZEMKI, ITSRio, MICA, and NYU and is a Rockefeller Bellagio Resident Alumnus. She has a MA in International Policy from Harvard University and a PhD in Language, Literacy and Technology from Columbia University. She is Indian, Irish, and American and currently lives in Amsterdam.
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Books by Payal Arora
After immersing herself in factory towns, slums, townships, and favelas, Payal Arora assesses real patterns of internet usage in India, China, South Africa, Brazil, and the Middle East. She finds Himalayan teens growing closer by sharing a single computer with common passwords and profiles. In China’s gaming factories, the line between work and leisure disappears. In Riyadh, a group of young women organize a YouTube fashion show.
Why do citizens of states with strict surveillance policies appear to care so little about their digital privacy? Why do Brazilians eschew geo-tagging on social media? What drives young Indians to friend “foreign” strangers on Facebook and give “missed calls” to people? The Next Billion Users answers these questions and much more. Through extensive fieldwork, Arora demonstrates that the global poor are far from virtuous utilitarians who mainly go online to study, find jobs, and obtain health information. She reveals habits of use bound to intrigue everyone from casual internet users to developers of global digital platforms to organizations seeking to reach the next billion internet users.
Thereby, by drawing parallels between urban parks and social network sites, this project aims to highlight the historical aspect of leisure spaces and provide a much needed rootedness in this highly speculative media discourse. The historical and comparative investigation to parks is innovative, as it will debunk much of the hype surrounding social network sites as a novel and unprecedented space for communication. Given that social network sites have a short and primarily Western-centric history of usage, the development and evolution of parks across nations allows for a fresh and transcultural perspective to this topic. Methodologically, using this real/virtual comparative strategy has become an essential means to understand online spaces. In fact, it is impossible to not evoke physical spaces to conceptualize virtual spaces. So we find ourselves on the information highway, at the electronic frontier, chatrooms, home pages, to MUD lobbies. In fact, this project builds on the popularly accepted parallel of the Net as the digital city, propositioning thereby, that its common public leisure areas are its virtual parks.
While the project strives to critique the public, democratic and free for all notions of contemporary leisure spaces, online and offline, for feasibility purposes, it focuses specifically on 3 areas of timely importance: (a) open and closed systems (b) private and public domains, and (c) work versus play dimension to leisure sites, emphasizing notions of corporatization, commercialization and the privatization of leisure spaces. Also, the diversity of parks such as industrial parks, theme parks to community parks will emphasize the pluralistic aspect of social network sites. Further, this project brings together disciplines of media studies and history of technology through an original avenue of urban planning, emphasizing the spatial aspects of technology and media practice. Given that most studies on new media spaces are artifact oriented, ahistorical and Western-centric, this project will provide a unique lens through its historical and transcultural approach.
The undertaking of this project is deeply relevant given that as leisure becomes central to the 21st century economy, corporations to the State are greatly vested in the understanding of these spaces. The dominant idea of its unprecedented novelty can be misleading and have damaging consequences on shaping policy and practice. Overall, the goal of this project is to leverage on real-virtual comparisons to develop a more integrated understanding of contemporary leisure, a prime space of digital residence in the 21st century.
Papers by Payal Arora
player in the data economy due to their majority user base, and
studying its role is crucial to comprehend the future of AI. As
societies grapple with the implications of AI on creative life, there
is an opportunity to reevaluate the creative contributions of
Global South cultures, ensuring they are acknowledged and
foregrounded in the evolving landscape of human and machine
creativity. This paper calls for reimagining and restructuring
creative value with the emergence of AI enabled technologies by
broadening who and what counts as creative in this data-driven
era. To democratize creativity, a decolonial and indigenous
framework of cross-cultural creative value is needed which
critically intersects and examines the relations between creative
labor, rights, and learning. The study of the Global South’s data
economies is important not only to harness its potential but also
to address the cross-cultural ethics of building Creative AI tools
with data from their underrepresented communities. At its core,
the creative data justice framework emphasizes the need to
challenge the existing power imbalances in global data
governance. This paper proposes that fair creative value can be
achieved by drawing inspiration from indigenous systems of care
as a counterforce to neoliberal values of efficiency and utility.
This framework will help scholars, policymakers and designers in
their inclusive approaches to creativity in the age of AI.
research to one that expects researchers to take a stand and to actively
change society. Our paper retraces this development and highlights the
criticisms that led to this change in orientation. Concluding that it might
be too early to entirely abandon the idea of neutrality, we outline initial
ideas of a revised model that considers certain valid criticisms while
maintaining the goal of neutrality.
carried out in two refugee shelters in the city of Boa Vista, Brazil – Rondon III and September 13 – at the end of 2021. The report focuses on the main uses and potential benefits of digital leisure in refugee contexts. It brings together evidence from Venezuelan forcibly displaced people with an emphasis on Brazil due to that country’s relevance in the human mobility context within the Latin American region. The report aims to inform actors in the government, private, non-profit, and aid agency sectors who are interested in digital inclusion and rights-based solutions for forcibly displaced people. It provides insights about issues of access, privacy, and trust experienced by forcibly displaced persons while using devices and navigating connectivity in their everyday lives. It also explores
the opportunities for community-building and local citizenship through content creation and connection with family, friends, and society at large. We reveal how digital leisure fosters unique opportunities for self-realization and shapes specific worldviews through their information
practices in digital spaces. The possible livelihoods enabled by digital leisure and the aspirational digital lives of participating Venezuelan refugees and migrants are also explored.
After immersing herself in factory towns, slums, townships, and favelas, Payal Arora assesses real patterns of internet usage in India, China, South Africa, Brazil, and the Middle East. She finds Himalayan teens growing closer by sharing a single computer with common passwords and profiles. In China’s gaming factories, the line between work and leisure disappears. In Riyadh, a group of young women organize a YouTube fashion show.
Why do citizens of states with strict surveillance policies appear to care so little about their digital privacy? Why do Brazilians eschew geo-tagging on social media? What drives young Indians to friend “foreign” strangers on Facebook and give “missed calls” to people? The Next Billion Users answers these questions and much more. Through extensive fieldwork, Arora demonstrates that the global poor are far from virtuous utilitarians who mainly go online to study, find jobs, and obtain health information. She reveals habits of use bound to intrigue everyone from casual internet users to developers of global digital platforms to organizations seeking to reach the next billion internet users.
Thereby, by drawing parallels between urban parks and social network sites, this project aims to highlight the historical aspect of leisure spaces and provide a much needed rootedness in this highly speculative media discourse. The historical and comparative investigation to parks is innovative, as it will debunk much of the hype surrounding social network sites as a novel and unprecedented space for communication. Given that social network sites have a short and primarily Western-centric history of usage, the development and evolution of parks across nations allows for a fresh and transcultural perspective to this topic. Methodologically, using this real/virtual comparative strategy has become an essential means to understand online spaces. In fact, it is impossible to not evoke physical spaces to conceptualize virtual spaces. So we find ourselves on the information highway, at the electronic frontier, chatrooms, home pages, to MUD lobbies. In fact, this project builds on the popularly accepted parallel of the Net as the digital city, propositioning thereby, that its common public leisure areas are its virtual parks.
While the project strives to critique the public, democratic and free for all notions of contemporary leisure spaces, online and offline, for feasibility purposes, it focuses specifically on 3 areas of timely importance: (a) open and closed systems (b) private and public domains, and (c) work versus play dimension to leisure sites, emphasizing notions of corporatization, commercialization and the privatization of leisure spaces. Also, the diversity of parks such as industrial parks, theme parks to community parks will emphasize the pluralistic aspect of social network sites. Further, this project brings together disciplines of media studies and history of technology through an original avenue of urban planning, emphasizing the spatial aspects of technology and media practice. Given that most studies on new media spaces are artifact oriented, ahistorical and Western-centric, this project will provide a unique lens through its historical and transcultural approach.
The undertaking of this project is deeply relevant given that as leisure becomes central to the 21st century economy, corporations to the State are greatly vested in the understanding of these spaces. The dominant idea of its unprecedented novelty can be misleading and have damaging consequences on shaping policy and practice. Overall, the goal of this project is to leverage on real-virtual comparisons to develop a more integrated understanding of contemporary leisure, a prime space of digital residence in the 21st century.
player in the data economy due to their majority user base, and
studying its role is crucial to comprehend the future of AI. As
societies grapple with the implications of AI on creative life, there
is an opportunity to reevaluate the creative contributions of
Global South cultures, ensuring they are acknowledged and
foregrounded in the evolving landscape of human and machine
creativity. This paper calls for reimagining and restructuring
creative value with the emergence of AI enabled technologies by
broadening who and what counts as creative in this data-driven
era. To democratize creativity, a decolonial and indigenous
framework of cross-cultural creative value is needed which
critically intersects and examines the relations between creative
labor, rights, and learning. The study of the Global South’s data
economies is important not only to harness its potential but also
to address the cross-cultural ethics of building Creative AI tools
with data from their underrepresented communities. At its core,
the creative data justice framework emphasizes the need to
challenge the existing power imbalances in global data
governance. This paper proposes that fair creative value can be
achieved by drawing inspiration from indigenous systems of care
as a counterforce to neoliberal values of efficiency and utility.
This framework will help scholars, policymakers and designers in
their inclusive approaches to creativity in the age of AI.
research to one that expects researchers to take a stand and to actively
change society. Our paper retraces this development and highlights the
criticisms that led to this change in orientation. Concluding that it might
be too early to entirely abandon the idea of neutrality, we outline initial
ideas of a revised model that considers certain valid criticisms while
maintaining the goal of neutrality.
carried out in two refugee shelters in the city of Boa Vista, Brazil – Rondon III and September 13 – at the end of 2021. The report focuses on the main uses and potential benefits of digital leisure in refugee contexts. It brings together evidence from Venezuelan forcibly displaced people with an emphasis on Brazil due to that country’s relevance in the human mobility context within the Latin American region. The report aims to inform actors in the government, private, non-profit, and aid agency sectors who are interested in digital inclusion and rights-based solutions for forcibly displaced people. It provides insights about issues of access, privacy, and trust experienced by forcibly displaced persons while using devices and navigating connectivity in their everyday lives. It also explores
the opportunities for community-building and local citizenship through content creation and connection with family, friends, and society at large. We reveal how digital leisure fosters unique opportunities for self-realization and shapes specific worldviews through their information
practices in digital spaces. The possible livelihoods enabled by digital leisure and the aspirational digital lives of participating Venezuelan refugees and migrants are also explored.
“Libra's mission is to enable a simple global currency and financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people…because it's time for the internet to have a protocol for money, and it's time to try something new for the 1.7 billion people who are still unbanked 30 years after the invention of the web.”
After this missionary zeal, he went onto explain the more mundane side of Libra – the partners involved, how they would build consumer trust, and how they would secure payments.
The pitch was clearly rooted in a singular message – this is altruism writ large.
Facebook has been here before with the launch of Free Basics in August 2013, an initiative that provides limited free internet access to billions of the “digital have nots” through strategic partnerships with global telecom companies. Along the way, net neutrality was relegated as trivial by Facebook as the need to connect the world’s unconnected became more crucial. In the name of empowerment, Facebook was able to have the first mover advantage to harvest this enormous global data goldmine.
Given the recent spate of data violation and mismanagement scandals enveloping Facebook, it is no surprise that David Marcus faced a twitter storm of critique within hours. Indeed, it was audacious of Facebook to embark on an undertaking that demands trust at the core of its success. Their “move fast and break things” didn’t quite pan out the way they envisioned.
So what should we make of this Libra initiative? Rather than spiral down the moral condemnation pathway, let’s break this down as this is bigger than Facebook.
1. Wants and not needs should drive the next billion users(NBU) outreach strategy.
2. We should focus more on the communication rather than the data angle when seeking mobile platform optimization for the healthcare industry.
3. Moral judgement around sex and sexuality needs to be sidelined if we wish to genuinely meet the healthcare demands of the NBU market.
4. All-purpose apps may be more popular for communicating healthcare information than specialized apps designed for health.
5. We should focus on self-care more than on prevention and treatments in order to engage the teen groups among the NBU.
6. We need to cater to a diversity of consumers in the system beyond the middle-class, young white male norm.
7. The NBU market are not second-class consumers who will accept second-hand products: they are demanding, sophisticated consumers who are desperately seeking quality digital products and services.
Bangladesh with regards to work, especially in the digital platform
economy. It also maps out the stakeholders involved in specific sectors
in India & Bangladesh and provides insights into the impact of COVID-19.
It is an work-in-progress document intended to compile data from the
different sectors to create an overview of the situation.