Papers by Mohamad Pesarakli
Journal of Plant Nutrition
World Applied Sciences …, 2012
Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, Fourth Edition, 2019
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2017
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of salinity (2, 6, 9, and 12 dS m−1 sod... more ABSTRACT This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of salinity (2, 6, 9, and 12 dS m−1 sodium chloride (NaCl)) on three Iranian German chamomile genotypes (Shiraz, Ahvaz, and Isfahan). The Shiraz and Ahvaz genotypes, respectively, had the highest productivity and tolerance level, while the Isfahan was the less salt-tolerant genotype. In contrast to quantitative traits, the Isfahan genotype exhibited superior qualitative traits in terms of essential oil and chamazulene percentage. The differential responses to productivity and salt-resistance were attributed to the genetic variation, higher root to shoot ratios, and compartmentalization of sodium in roots of the Shiraz and Ahvaz genotypes, leading to better nutrient uptake and balance. While the nutrient composition was relatively in the same range for all genotypes, the higher accumulation of phosphorus in root and anthodia of the Shiraz genotype was evident. In addition, anthodia of the Ahvaz and root of the Shiraz genotype stored more nitrogen nutrient element.
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2014
ABSTRACT Environmental stresses present major challenges in our quest to achieve sustainable food... more ABSTRACT Environmental stresses present major challenges in our quest to achieve sustainable food production. The reactions of plants to environmental stresses are complex and involve many kinds of physiological and biochemical responses. Stress causes multifarious adverse effects in plants. Production of a family of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common phenomenon. When plants are subjected to environmental stress, the balance between the production of ROS and the quenching activity of antioxidants is upset, often resulting in an oxidative damage. Plants with high levels of antioxidant enzyme activity are reported to have greater resistance to this oxidative damage. The activities of component enzymes or the antioxidant levels are usually only double in response to many stress situations. This rather moderate response might be understood if we consider that the system is geared to self-destruction when it comes under threat. Understanding the mechanisms by which plants perceive environmental signals and transmit the signals to cellular machinery to activate adaptive responses is of fundamental importance to biology. The present review is focusing on ROS generation and plant defenses to them.
Journal of Plant Nutrition
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2016
ABSTRACT A hydroponic experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design (CRD) to stu... more ABSTRACT A hydroponic experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design (CRD) to study the effects of Selenium (Se) on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L), cv. Foria with three replications. Treatments included 3, 5, 7, and 10 µM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and 0 as control. The results showed that selenium (Se) at 7 µM was beneficial to photosynthesis pigments. The highest relative water content was resulted from the 3 µM Se treatment. The membrane stability index was decreased with increasing Se concentration up to 10 µM Se. An increase in peroxidase (POD) activity occurred at the 3 µM Se level, and the catalase (CAT) activity was 80% higher than the control at the 7 µM Se level. In general, the highest root volume, leaf numbers, carotenoids content, and CAT activity were found at the 5 µM Se level, and Chlorophyll content increased at the 7 and 10 µM Se levels.
Journal of Plant Nutrition
World Applied Sciences …, 2012
... Adel Sepehry, Davoud Akhzari, Mohammad Pessarakli and Hossein Barani 1 2 3 1 ... of metabolis... more ... Adel Sepehry, Davoud Akhzari, Mohammad Pessarakli and Hossein Barani 1 2 3 1 ... of metabolism in plants under stressed and non-31. Masoudi, PA, Gazanchian V. Jajarmi and stressed conditions: cellular response to stress and A. Bozorgmehr, 1997. Effect of seed priming on ...
Journal of Plant Nutrition
Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, 2018
Governed by environmental stimuli and internal signaling cascades, stomatal movement determines w... more Governed by environmental stimuli and internal signaling cascades, stomatal movement determines water use efficiency and CO 2 assimilation for photosynthesis under normal and stressful conditions, most importantly under water scarcity. Manipulation of these signaling pathways is one way to optimize plant resilience/tolerance and performance under constantly changing environment. Oscillations and interactions between the internal and environmental cues make it difficult to determine the consequence of these signals. After drought stress perception, the activated molecules initiate the generation of redox, hormone, and chemical signals, the interactions of which control stomatal responses. Second messengers, proteins, and intermediate chemicals then react with these signaling molecules to positively or negatively transmit these signals through a series of molecular events. This review is aimed to discuss the step-by-step scheme of these signaling pathways to provide insight into these molecular events and to incentivize further studies on their unknown aspects for improved stomatal responses under various environmental conditions, particularly stress conditions, and specifically drought stress.
Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), clonal accession WA-12, collected from Wilcox, Arizona was studie... more Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), clonal accession WA-12, collected from Wilcox, Arizona was studied in a greenhouse to evaluate its growth responses in terms of shoot and root lengths, shoot fresh weight, and shoot and root dry weights under control and salt (sodium chloride) stress conditions. Plants were grown under control (no salt) and three levels of salt stress (100, 200, and 400mM NaCl equivalent to 6250, 12500, and 25,000 g LB1 sodium chloride, respectively), using Hoagland solution in a hydroponics system. Plant shoots (clippings) were harvested weekly, oven dried at 60 oC, and dry weights recorded. At each harvest, both shoot and root lengths were measured and recorded. At the last harvest, plant roots were also harvested, oven dried, and dry weights were determined and recorded. The results show that the shoot and root lengths decreased with increasing the salinity levels, however, both shoot fresh and dry weights significantly increased at 200mM NaCl salinity compared wit...
2 Abstract: Determining plant resistance to salinity, aridity and grazing is very important for s... more 2 Abstract: Determining plant resistance to salinity, aridity and grazing is very important for selecting the favorable plant species for rangelands. The objective of this study was to compare the salinity, aridity and grazing tolerance of three rangeland species (Agropyron elongatum, Kochia prostrata and Puccinellia distans). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse, with a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Salinity levels of 4 (as control), 20, 30 and 40 dS/m; Aridity levels of field capacity irrigation (as control), -12 and -14 bars; Grazing levels of 0% (as control), 25%, 50% and 75% cutting were applied. The results showed that increasing salinity and aridity level decreased dry matter production and residual dry matter in all studied plant species. 25% cutting caused increased residual dry matter. Increasing grazing level increased dry matter production. The maximum survival scores were found in the lowest salinity, aridity and ...
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2014
ABSTRACT Today, environmental protection and safe crop production are very important. The managem... more ABSTRACT Today, environmental protection and safe crop production are very important. The management of soil elements by compost is considered as important for sustainable agriculture. The mode of action of the composts is very different between various plant species. To evaluate the effects of different composts on soil structural and chemical properties and on morphological traits of two dry rangeland species (atriplex; Atriplex lentiformis and mesquite; Prosopos juliflora), a study was conducted in Fars Province of Iran during the year 2010. The study was a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included compost types: solid (SC) and liquid compost or compost tea (LC), solid-liquid mixture (XSL) and control (Con; non used compost) as the first factor, and two pasture plant species as the second factor. The results showed that the compost application had significant and positive effects on morphological traits such as plant height, stem diameter, plant volume, crown length, width, and area, and caused 15, 51.18, 70.67, 34.18, 18.35, and 64.94% increase on these morphological traits, respectively. Although soil acidity was not significantly affected by compost and species, the effects of compost were significant on organic matter percentage, soil phosphorous, and potassium contents. Soil nitrogen percentage was affected by both species and compost. Compost application caused a decrease in the amount of sodium compared with the control. Overall, the results of this study suggested that within the compost types, liquid compost was an advisable biofertilizer in a similar climate. Furthermore, the LC and the XSL are recommended for improving the morphological traits and the soil characteristics, respectively.
Turfgrass Landscape and Urban Ipm Research Summary, Feb 1, 2004
International Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 2004
Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.), cv. El Toro was used in this experiment to evaluate its shoot growth i... more Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.), cv. El Toro was used in this experiment to evaluate its shoot growth in terms of length and dry weight under control and different levels of Bio-Turf-Pro applications in a pot study. Four treatments [Control (no Bio-Turf-Pro), 8 Fl Oz/Gal (½ the recommended rate) per 1000 ft 2 , 16 Fl Oz/Gal (recommended rate) per 1000 ft 2 , and 32 Fl Oz/Gal (twice the recommended rate) per 1000 ft 2 of Bio-Turf-Pro], and six replications of each treatment were used in a RCB design in this investigation. Plants were allowed to grow under the above treatment conditions for eight weeks. Plant shoots (clippings) were harvested biweekly for the evaluation of the dry-matter production. At each harvest, shoot lengths were measured and recorded and the visual growth was also evaluated before the harvest was made. The harvested plant materials were oven dried at 60 o C and dry weights were measured and recorded. The shoot growth (length) was stimulated under any levels of Bio-Turf-Pro application rates compared with the control. Among the treatment rates, the 16 Fl Oz/Gal (the recommended rate) per 1000 ft 2 ] numerically stimulated the shoot length the most. However in most cases, there was not statistically significant differences detected among the 8 (½ the recommended rate) per 1000 ft 2 , 16 Fl Oz/Gal (the recommended rate) per 1000 ft 2 ] and the 32 Fl Oz/Gal (twice the recommended rate) per 1000 ft 2 ] application rates of the compound on the shoot length of the grass. The shoot (clippings) dry weights of the plants followed essentially the same pattern as the shoot lengths. The visual evaluation of the grass supported the measured parameters.
... David M. Kopec, Ph.D.; Jeffrey J. Gilbert, MS; James H.Walworth, Ph.D.; Mohammad Pessarakli, ... more ... David M. Kopec, Ph.D.; Jeffrey J. Gilbert, MS; James H.Walworth, Ph.D.; Mohammad Pessarakli, Ph.D.; Darren Kerr and Jason Spence ... Darren Kerr is a lead farm attendant and Jason Spence is a senior farm attendant at the campus agricultural center at the university. ...
Journal of Plant Nutrition
Abstract Under optimized biological and technical conditions, aquaponics provides more advantages... more Abstract Under optimized biological and technical conditions, aquaponics provides more advantages than conventional (soil-based greenhouse) and hydroponic cultivations as the result of reusing the wastewater and thereby improving energy, water and nutrient use efficiency, productivity, financial gain, as well as plant and ecosystem health. Tomato is one of the most consumed nutritive vegetables and a good model plant for developing aquaponic techniques. So far, numerous attempts have been made to demonstrate the efficacy of safe use of materials and applying environmentally-safe materials in aquaponics. Optimizing the interacting species-specific responses, biological activities and operations management have the potential to maximize the performance of aquaponics. Thus, the advanced approaches from integrated inorganic-organic-bio fertilizers in different components of an aquaponic system and different aquaponic systems are evaluated in this work to make the most benefit of tomato production and aquaculture in vermi-aquaponics. Sustainable strategies are discussed to optimize fertilization and water quality in vermi-ponic unit, nutrient quality and biological balance in microalgae-bacteria consortia in different production units. The prospects of using integrated approaches by applying organic and aquatic recycled substrates for vermicompost preparation, vermicompost fortification, root-zone application and foliar sprays of biocompatible and bioagents and their interactions are discussed to enhance tomato yield and quality and suppress pests and diseases in vermi-aquaponic systems.
Journal of Plant Nutrition
Low temperature stresses, also referred to as cold temperature stresses, including chilling and f... more Low temperature stresses, also referred to as cold temperature stresses, including chilling and freezing temperatures, are among the major abiotic stresses that severely reduces plant yield, quality, and marketability and pose a serious threat to plant production during whole plant life cycles. Plant-environment-symbiont interactions determine the symbiotic and crop performance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To achieve the optimum outcome, it is essential to consider not only plantsymbiont relationships, but also symbiont adaptation and symbiont-symbiont interactions. Improving multi-symbiotic component systems and symbiont breeding together can be a useful strategy to improve symbiosis and, thus, crop production. In this review article, role of interactions between multi-symbiotic components and plantenvironment-symbiont relationships and the related biotechnology approaches are discussed in order to find the most effective sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices to improve crop performance and mitigate the adverse effects of low temperatures on plants.
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Papers by Mohamad Pesarakli