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Margo Greenwood

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Books by Margo Greenwood

Determinants of Indigenous peoples’ health in Canada: Beyond the social

by Margo Greenwood and Charlotte Reading

Determinants of Indigenous peoples’ health in Canada: Beyond the social, 2015

Between two worlds: Mothers speak of yesterday and today

The Elders speak: Of the past, of children and families, of the future

Book Chapters by Margo Greenwood

Geographies of Indigenous children and youth: A critical review grounded in spaces of the colonial nation-state

Space, place and environment: Geographies of children and young people, volume 3,, 2016

Introduction: Rethinking determinants of Indigenous peoples’ health in Canada

Beyond the social: Determinants of Aboriginal peoples’ health in Canada, 2015

Being at the interface: Early childhood as a determinant of health

Determinants of Indigenous peoples’ health in Canada: Beyond the social, 2015

Walking in the interfaces: A story of coming to know

Enhancing Mātauranga Māori and global Indigenous knowledge, 2014

Ko te kaupapa matua o tēnei pukapuka, ko te tūhono mai i ngā kāinga kōrero o te ao mātauranga Māo... more Ko te kaupapa matua o tēnei pukapuka, ko te tūhono mai i ngā kāinga kōrero o te ao mātauranga Māori o te hinengaro tata, hinengaro tawhiti, ka whakakākahu atu ai i ngā mātauranga o te iwi taketake o te ao whānui. E anga whakamua ai ngā papa kāinga kōrero mātauranga Māori me te mātauranga o ngā iwi taketake, ka tika kia hao atu aua kāinga kōrero ki runga i tēnei manu rangatira o te ao rere tawhiti, o te ao rere pāmamao, te toroa. Ko te toroa e aniu atu rā hai kawe i te kupu kōrero o te hinengaro mātauranga Māori me ngā reo whakaū o ngā tāngata taketake o ngā tai e whā o Ranginui e tū atu nei, o Papatūānuku e takoto iho nei. Ko te ātaahua ia, ka noho tahi mai te toroa me Te Waka Mātauranga hai ariā matua, hai hēteri momotu i ngā kāinga kōrero ki ngā tai timu, tai pari o ngā tai e whā o te ao whānui. He mea whakatipu tātau e tō tātau Kaiwhakaora, kia whānui noa atu ngā kokonga kāinga o te mātauranga, engari nā runga i te whānui noa atu o aua kokonga kāinga ka mōhio ake tātau ki a tātau ake. He mea nui tēnei.

Health inequities in First Nations communities and Canada’s response to the H1N1 influenza epidemic

Population and public health ethics: Cases from research, policy, and practice, 2012

Data and Aboriginal Children and Youth

Growing up in BC, 2010

Executive Summary - First Nations, Inuit and Métis Children in Canada

Aboriginal children’s health: Leaving no child behind. Canadian Supplement to the State of the World’s Children 2009, 2009

History lessons - What empire, education, and Indigenous childhoods teaches us

Empire, Education and Indigenous Childhoods: Nineteenth century missionary infant schools in three British colonies, 2014

Beyond borders and boundaries: Addressing Indigenous health inequities in Canada through theories and methods of intersectionality

Health Inequalities in Canada: Intersectional frameworks and practices, 2011

Decentralization and evolution of services to First Nations: The transfer process

by Margo Greenwood and Glen Schmidt

Social work and Aboriginal peoples: Perspectives from Canada’s rural and provincial norths, 2010

Fostering Indigeneity: The Role of Aboriginal Mothers and Aboriginal Early Child Care in Responses to Colonial Foster-Care Interventions

Until Our Hearts are on the Ground: Aboriginal Mothering, Oppression, Resistance and Rebirth, 2006

Ways of knowing and being: Indigenous early childhood care and education

by Margo Greenwood and Tina Ngaroimata Fraser

Canadian Early Childhood Education: Broadening and Deepening Discussions of Quality, 2005

Beyond Deficit: Exploring Capacity Building in Northern and Indigenous Youth Communities Through Strength Based Approaches

Youth of British Columbia: Their Past and Their Future, 2005

Aboriginal Perspectives on Child Care

Our Children’s future: Child Care Policy in Canada, 2000

Reflections on multi-age groupings in Aboriginal child care

The Inclusions of Infants and Toddlers in Canadian Multi-Age, Early Childhood Education Group Child Care Settings, 1999

Book Reviews by Margo Greenwood

Book review – Laurie Meijer Drees, Healing histories: Stories from Canada’s Indian hospitals, University Press of Alberta

Determinants of Indigenous peoples’ health in Canada: Beyond the social

by Margo Greenwood and Charlotte Reading

Determinants of Indigenous peoples’ health in Canada: Beyond the social, 2015

Between two worlds: Mothers speak of yesterday and today

The Elders speak: Of the past, of children and families, of the future

Geographies of Indigenous children and youth: A critical review grounded in spaces of the colonial nation-state

Space, place and environment: Geographies of children and young people, volume 3,, 2016

Introduction: Rethinking determinants of Indigenous peoples’ health in Canada

Beyond the social: Determinants of Aboriginal peoples’ health in Canada, 2015

Being at the interface: Early childhood as a determinant of health

Determinants of Indigenous peoples’ health in Canada: Beyond the social, 2015

Walking in the interfaces: A story of coming to know

Enhancing Mātauranga Māori and global Indigenous knowledge, 2014

Ko te kaupapa matua o tēnei pukapuka, ko te tūhono mai i ngā kāinga kōrero o te ao mātauranga Māo... more Ko te kaupapa matua o tēnei pukapuka, ko te tūhono mai i ngā kāinga kōrero o te ao mātauranga Māori o te hinengaro tata, hinengaro tawhiti, ka whakakākahu atu ai i ngā mātauranga o te iwi taketake o te ao whānui. E anga whakamua ai ngā papa kāinga kōrero mātauranga Māori me te mātauranga o ngā iwi taketake, ka tika kia hao atu aua kāinga kōrero ki runga i tēnei manu rangatira o te ao rere tawhiti, o te ao rere pāmamao, te toroa. Ko te toroa e aniu atu rā hai kawe i te kupu kōrero o te hinengaro mātauranga Māori me ngā reo whakaū o ngā tāngata taketake o ngā tai e whā o Ranginui e tū atu nei, o Papatūānuku e takoto iho nei. Ko te ātaahua ia, ka noho tahi mai te toroa me Te Waka Mātauranga hai ariā matua, hai hēteri momotu i ngā kāinga kōrero ki ngā tai timu, tai pari o ngā tai e whā o te ao whānui. He mea whakatipu tātau e tō tātau Kaiwhakaora, kia whānui noa atu ngā kokonga kāinga o te mātauranga, engari nā runga i te whānui noa atu o aua kokonga kāinga ka mōhio ake tātau ki a tātau ake. He mea nui tēnei.

Health inequities in First Nations communities and Canada’s response to the H1N1 influenza epidemic

Population and public health ethics: Cases from research, policy, and practice, 2012

Data and Aboriginal Children and Youth

Growing up in BC, 2010

Executive Summary - First Nations, Inuit and Métis Children in Canada

Aboriginal children’s health: Leaving no child behind. Canadian Supplement to the State of the World’s Children 2009, 2009

History lessons - What empire, education, and Indigenous childhoods teaches us

Empire, Education and Indigenous Childhoods: Nineteenth century missionary infant schools in three British colonies, 2014

Beyond borders and boundaries: Addressing Indigenous health inequities in Canada through theories and methods of intersectionality

Health Inequalities in Canada: Intersectional frameworks and practices, 2011

Decentralization and evolution of services to First Nations: The transfer process

by Margo Greenwood and Glen Schmidt

Social work and Aboriginal peoples: Perspectives from Canada’s rural and provincial norths, 2010

Fostering Indigeneity: The Role of Aboriginal Mothers and Aboriginal Early Child Care in Responses to Colonial Foster-Care Interventions

Until Our Hearts are on the Ground: Aboriginal Mothering, Oppression, Resistance and Rebirth, 2006

Ways of knowing and being: Indigenous early childhood care and education

by Margo Greenwood and Tina Ngaroimata Fraser

Canadian Early Childhood Education: Broadening and Deepening Discussions of Quality, 2005

Beyond Deficit: Exploring Capacity Building in Northern and Indigenous Youth Communities Through Strength Based Approaches

Youth of British Columbia: Their Past and Their Future, 2005

Aboriginal Perspectives on Child Care

Our Children’s future: Child Care Policy in Canada, 2000

Reflections on multi-age groupings in Aboriginal child care

The Inclusions of Infants and Toddlers in Canadian Multi-Age, Early Childhood Education Group Child Care Settings, 1999

Book review – Laurie Meijer Drees, Healing histories: Stories from Canada’s Indian hospitals, University Press of Alberta

A journey of partnership: Transforming health care services delivery with First Nations in northern BC

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of transformation in the Northern... more Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of transformation in the Northern Health region of British Columbia (BC), Canada, based on a new relationship between governments of BC, Canada, and First Nations.

Design/methodology/approach
– Written from the perspective of four key participants in the transformation process, this paper highlights the ways in which partnership has been integral to the transformation of health service delivery to First Nations communities in Northern BC.

Findings
– In sharing their experiences with health system transformation through partnership, the authors of this paper hope to contribute to a growing set of promising practices as indigenous health service organizations take a greater role in health service provision, and non-indigenous health service organizations improve their understanding of and relationships with indigenous communities.

Originality/value
– This paper outlines a unique and leading edge transformation in health service delivery, told from the perspectives of key partners involved in the transformation process.

Maternal and community predictors of gastroschisis and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in Canada

by Paul Peters, Mary Brindle, Farhana Shariff, and Margo Greenwood

Pediatric surgery international, Jan 26, 2015

The incidence of gastroschisis (GS) has increased globally. Maternal age and smoking are risk fac... more The incidence of gastroschisis (GS) has increased globally. Maternal age and smoking are risk factors and aboriginal communities may be more commonly affected. Factors leading to this increased incidence are otherwise unclear. We investigate maternal sociodemography, air pollution and personal risk factors comparing mothers of infants with GS with a control group of infants with diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in a large population-based analysis. Data were collected from a national, disease-specific pediatric surgical database (May 2006-June 2013). Maternal community sociodemographic information was derived from the Canadian 2006 Census. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed examining maternal factors related to diagnosis of GS. GS infants come from poorer, less educated communities with more unemployment, less pollution, fewer immigrants, and more aboriginal peoples than infants with CDH. Teen maternal age, smoking, and illicit drug use, are associated with GS. Mothers o...

Public health and Indigenous peoples

Troubling Good Intentions

We are unequivocally in favor of much, much, more space opening up for Aboriginal peoples and Ind... more We are unequivocally in favor of much, much, more space opening up for Aboriginal peoples and Indigenous ways of knowing and being in academic (and myriad other) spaces. We are worried, however, about a current lack of published critical engagement with policies and practices that appear, superficially, to support inclusivity and diversity of Indigenous peoples in academic institutions. We argue that, principally because such policies are inherently designed to serve settler colonial subjects and powers, many inclusivity and diversity policies instead leave fundamentally unchanged an ongoing colonial relationship with Indigenous peoples, their epistemologies, and their ontologies. Indeed, we contend that individual Aboriginal peoples are suffering at deeply embodied levels as universities and other institutions rush to demonstrate well intended "decolonizing" agendas. Drawing from examples in British Columbia, this paper provides a critical intervention into a rapidly ascending, and deeply institutionalized, dominance of policies and practices that claim to promote and open spaces for Indigenous peoples and perspectives within academic institutions. We draw from critical race theorists, including Sara Ahmed, and in our conclusion offer suggestions that aim to destabilize and trouble the good intentions of neo colonial policies.

Being Indigenous

Human Development, 2013

Social determinants of health and the future well-being of Aboriginal children in Canada

Paediatrics & child health, 2012

Aboriginal children's well-being is vital to the health and success of our future nations. Ad... more Aboriginal children's well-being is vital to the health and success of our future nations. Addressing persistent and current Aboriginal health inequities requires considering both the contexts in which disparities exist and innovative and culturally appropriate means of rectifying those inequities. The present article contextualizes Aboriginal children's health disparities, considers 'determinants' of health as opposed to biomedical explanations of ill health and concludes with ways to intervene in health inequities. Aboriginal children experience a greater burden of ill health compared with other children in Canada, and these health inequities have persisted for too long. A change that will impact individuals, communities and nations, a change that will last beyond seven generations, is required. Applying a social determinants of health framework to health inequities experienced by Aboriginal children can create that change.

‘Our art is us’: Relationships between Indigenous health, creative expression, and connections with environment and place

With Reserves: Colonial Geographies and First Nations Health

by Warner Adam and Margo Greenwood

Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2012

Health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples persist globally. Northern inter... more Health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples persist globally. Northern interior British Columbia, where many Indigenous people live on Indian reserves allocated in the late nineteenth century, is no exception. This article reviews findings from fifty-eight interviews with members of thirteen First Nations communities in Carrier, Sekani, Wet&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;suwet’en, and Babine territories. The results suggest that colonial geographies, both physical and

Participatory and community-based research, Indigenous geographies, and the spaces of friendship: A critical engagement

Geographic engagement with Indigenous peoples remains inextricably linked to colonialism. Consequ... more Geographic engagement with Indigenous peoples remains inextricably linked to colonialism. Consequently, studying Indigenous geographies is fraught with ethical and political dilemmas. Participatory and community-based research methods have recently been offered as one solution to address concerns about the politics of gathering, framing, producing, disseminating, and controlling knowledge about Indigenous peoples. In this article, we critically engage with the emergence of participatory and community-based research methods as " best practice " for undertaking research into Indigenous geographies. We articulate four concerns with this form of research: a) dissent may be stifled by non-Indigenous researchers' investments in being " good " ; b) claims to overcome difference and distance may actually retrench colonial research relations; c) the framing of particular methods as " best practices " risks closing down necessary and ongoing critique; and d) institutional pressures work against the development and maintenance of meaningful, accountable, and non-extractive relations with Indigenous communities. We then contemplate the spatiality of the critique itself. We consider the ways in which our longstanding friendship, as researchers invested at multiple scales with Indigenous geographies and identities, provides its own distinct space of practice within which to confront the political and ethical challenges posed by research with/about/upon Indigenous geographies and peoples. While not arriving at any concrete template for undertaking research about Indigenous geographies, we suggest that certain friendships, established and situated outside research relationships, may be productive spaces within and through which research methods may be decolonized. La recherche participative axée sur la communauté, les géographies autochtones, et les espaces de l'amitié : Les sites de dialogue critiqué Etablir un dialogue sur les questions géographiques avec les peuples autochtones est indissociable du colonialisme. Par conséquent, l'´ etude des géographies autochtones se heurtè a des dilemmes d'ordré ethique et politique. Des méthodes de recherche participative axée sur la communauté ont récemment vu le jour dans l'optique de résoudre les enjeux politiques entourant la collecte, l'encadrement, la production, la diffusion et le contrôle des connaissances sur les peuples autochtones. C'est notammentà la faveur des relationsétroites d'amitié de longue date que nous entretenons entre chercheurs investis dans les multiples facettes des géographies et des identités autochtones que nous jetons un regard critique sur l'´ emergence des méthodes de

Indigenous Youth Engagement in Canada's Health Care

In this article, we discuss findings from a study on indigenous youth's perspectives on and engag... more In this article, we discuss findings from a study on indigenous youth's perspectives on and engagement in health care. We carried out an Internet environmental scan, focus groups, and key informant interviews with urban indigenous youth leaders and front-line indigenous practitioners. We found that youth and practitioners regard the formal health care system as ineffective and disrespectful of youth and culture. Indigenous youth espouse a broader approach to health that considers the linkages between culture, identity, and health. Youth are engaged in a variety of health-related activities , from engagement in design of health services and programs to youth empowerment initiatives. The results highlight the value and implications of affirming indigenous youth's role as determiners of their own health. 1. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank indigenous youth, Elders, and indigenous health professionals for their guidance, contributions, encouragement, and visions of action for future work. We would also like to acknowledge Landon Pearson and Sandra Griffin for their support throughout the study. The authors disclose receipt of financial support for the research and authorship of this article: National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health.

WARMING UP TO THE EMBODIED CONTEXT OF FIRST NATIONS CHILD HEALTH: A CRITICAL INTERVENTION INTO AND ANALYSIS OF HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH

This paper argues that the health and wellbeing of Indigenous children, their communities, and ul... more This paper argues that the health and wellbeing of Indigenous children, their communities, and ultimately their nations, arises from connection with the land and from cultural strengths linked with this connectivity. We provide critical reflection on contemporary discussions about impacts that climate change will have on the social, ecological, cultural and historical determinants of health of Indigenous children in Canada. Our analysis highlights overlooked opportunities, perspectives and priorities that demand attention in order to prevent climate change from exacerbating the already unacceptable health inequities experienced by Aboriginal children across Canada.

Deviant Constructions: How Governments Preserve Colonial Narratives of Addictions and Poor Mental Health to Intervene into the Lives of Indigenous Children and Families in Canada

Colonial projects in Canada have a long history of violently intervening into the personal lives ... more Colonial projects in Canada have a long history of violently intervening into the personal lives and social structures of Indigenous peoples. These interventions are associated with elevated rates of addictions and mental health issues among Indigenous peoples. In this paper we employ an indigenized social determinants approach to mental health and addictions that accounts for the multiple, intersecting effects of

When the Politics of Inclusivity Become Exploitative: A Reflective Commentary on Indigenous Peoples, Indigeneity, and the Academy

by Margo Greenwood and Tina Ngaroimata Fraser

Indigenous Approaches to Early Childhood Care and Education: Introduction

by Carmen Rodriguez de France and Margo Greenwood

British Columbia First Nations Head Start Program: An Overview of Policy Development 1998-2007

by Margo Greenwood and Kelly Terbasket

Teachings From the Land: Indigenous People, Our Health, Our Land, and Our Children

Aboriginal Children and Early Childhood Development and Education in Canada: Linking the Past and the Present to the Future

by Margo Greenwood and Tina Ngaroimata Fraser

Children Are a Gift to Us: Aboriginal-Specific Early Childhood Programs and Services in Canada

Children as citizens of First Nations: Linking Indigenous health to early childhood development

Paediatrics & child health, 2005

Shuswap Elder Mary Thomas once observed that children are the future of Aboriginal peoples * . ... more

AboriginAl EnvironmEntAl HEAltH issuEs Researchers' and Decision-Makers' Perceptions of Knowledge Transfer and Exchange Processes

by Margo Greenwood, Research Account, and Sandy Brooks

“So We Can Work Better”: A Model for Training Head Start Early Childhood Educators.

Distance Learning on Special Needs for Early Childhood Educator Workers in Aboriginal Communities

Inclusive Child Care in Northern British Columbia: An Inquiry Into the Successes and Challenges

... Many thanks to Sharron Dezell for collecting the survey data, and to Yvette Hepburn and Chery... more

Youth Voices on the Prevention and Intervention of Youth Substance Abuse

Where to From Here?: Building a First Nations Early Childhood Strategy – A Dialogue Initiative Undertaken by the Assembly of First Nations Discussion Facilitator’s Notes

Where to From Here?: Building a First Nations Early Childhood Strategy – A Dialogue Initiative Undertaken by the Assembly of First Nations Discussion Paper

Beyond Deficit: Exploring Capacity Building in Northern Indigenous Youth Communities Through Strength-Based Approaches

Recognizing Strength, Building Capacity: Addressing Substance Abuse Related Special Needs in First Nations Communities of British Columbia's Hinterlands

For the next seven generations: Final report of the National First Nations Early Learning and Child Care Engagement sessions

For the next seven generations: Early Learning and child care program for First Nations and Inuit communities, First Nations Participant Guide

For the next seven generations: Preliminary Considerations for an Integrated Aboriginal Specific Early Childhood Program Framework Design in Canada

A Report of the Assembly of First Nations Early Childhood Development National Discussion

A Review of Early Childhood Assessment Processes and Tools for Aboriginal Head Start On Reserve

Rural, Remote and North of 51: Service Provision and Substance Abuse Related Special Needs in British Columbia's Hinterlands

Appropriateness of outcome based framework for Aboriginal child care

An overview of the development of Aboriginal early childhood services in Canada

Early learning and child care program for First Nations and Inuit communities, Inuit Participant Guide

Whispered gently through time, First Nations quality child care: A national study

Considerations & Recommendations for the First Nations/Inuit Child Care Program and Funding Framework

Whispered gently through time: First Nations quality child care: Some recommendations

Challenge to Substance Abuse Service Delivery Models in Northern British Columbia

First Nations Quality Child Care: “In the Words of the People” – Themes that Emerged

First Nations Child Care: A National Study, May 1998 to March 2000

Reflections of Diversity, Diversity in Early Childhood from a First Nations Perspective (Symposium Proceedings)

A beginning: Images of rights: Children’s perspectives project

Child health: Home & Away

UNBC Update, 2010

A Background Paper for: The BC First Nations Early Childhood Development Framework

Taking Action for our Children: A BC First Nations Early Childhood Development Framework.

Baskets of Lifelong Learning in Early Childhood Development – An Indigenous ECD Training and Education Strategy

Leading from the People: The National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health at the University of Northern British Columbia

Aboriginal Head Start On-Reserve: A Review of Regulations, Policies and Their Implications.

‘Building a Community of Communities’: Results and discussion of the National Roundtable on the Aboriginal Head Start Program and Aboriginal Early Childhood Development Research in Canada

Why is First Nations Head Start important for First Nations children?

Growing Together 2, p. 6, 2004

At the heart of the community

Family Ground work Canada’s Magazine for Parenting Children with Challenges, 18(6): 19-20, 2003

Aboriginal early childhood education and development: A vision for our children

by Margo Greenwood and Tina Ngaroimata Fraser

BC First Nations children: Our families, Our communities, Our future

The government in present-day Canada is placing a great emphasis on both Aboriginal and non-Abori... more The government in present-day Canada is placing a great emphasis on both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. The federal government's announcement of the National Children's Agenda in December 2000 was the impetus for many early childhood development initiatives, both federally and provincially. Aboriginal communities feel the impact of these initiatives. One of our challenges, in this context of new government developments and current community realities, is to ensure that adequate and quality programming is available, and that Aboriginal values and cultural principles underlie the care and education of BC's Aboriginal children. We have been caring for our children since time immemo rial. The teachings of our values, principles, and ways of being to the children and youth have ensured our existence as communities, nations and peoples. Mary Thomas (1995), Shuswap Elder says, "the values of our people have …ensured our existence. It is to the children that these values are passed. The children are our future and our survival." Care of children was a shared responsibility by the family and community.

Social support project BC aboriginal head start

Exploring the Integration of Early Childhood Development Programs in First Nations Communities

Aboriginal Child Care Networking System

A national environmental scan of early childhood programs in Canada

An Evaluation for the Power of Friendship, Aboriginal Head Start Program

First Nations quality child care: A national study

The Early Childhood Educator, The Journal of Early Childhood Educators of BC, 16(1): 11-13., 2001

Aboriginal child care in review (Part 2)

Caring for our children newsletter. 3 (1), pp. 6-11, 1998

Aboriginal child care in review (Part 1)

Caring for our children newsletter. 2 (4), pp. 9, 10 & 12. , 1998

Engaging Indigenous families in a community-based early childhood program in British Columbia, Canada: A cultural safety perspective

This article is part of a larger study that explored how an Indigenous early intervention program... more This article is part of a larger study that explored how an Indigenous early intervention programme in British Columbia (BC), Canada, known as the ‘Aboriginal Infant Development Program’ (AIDP), influenced family and children’s health and well-being and was responsive to child health inequities. Postcolonial feminist and Indigenous feminist perspectives provided a critical analytical lens to this qualitative inquiry. The study was undertaken with AIDPs based in diverse community organisations located in off-reserve urban municipalities throughout the province of BC. From September 2013 to March 2014, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with: Indigenous primary caregivers (n=10), Indigenous Elders (n=4), AIDP workers (n = 18) and administrative leaders (n = 3). The purpose of this article is to examine and analyse the findings that focus on how AIDP workers supported family and children’s health and well-being by transforming their routine policies and practices in w...