PhD Dissertation by Jasna Cizler
8-16th December 2016, Gallery of Contemporary Art Pančevo
Subject of the dissertation is the definition of the conditions for the re-use of former industri... more Subject of the dissertation is the definition of the conditions for the re-use of former industrial buildings in Serbia. Dissertation focuses on the innovative activation concepts, that are already being applied in developed countries and that are emerging in Serbia, while facing several limitations. The first hypothesis is that the institutional framework and the existing policy for activation of these locations in Serbia are inadequate. The second hypothesis is that the integration of the cultural potentials of industrial heritage and social capital of the civil and creative sector into heritage protection and urban development policy can improve the results of protection and activation of the former industrial buildings. The task was to investigate the current practice of the activation, to gain critical insight into the relationship of relevant institutions towards the subject and to determine institutional limitations for the activation of these buildings in Serbia. The possibilities for the transformation and adaptation of the planning system and its mechanisms and instruments were examined, as well as ways for improving the cooperation between actors and ways for a greater inclusion of civil and creative sector in formal urban planning system. Methodology applied in the research is qualitative and primary data cоmes from: the review of the relevant sources (literature, documents, strategies, regulation, previous research); interviews with main actors and information gathered during direct observation of former industrial buildings and their users. Analysis has shown that institutional framework for activation of former industrial buildings in Serbia is characterised by numerous limitations, which could be overcome by introducing approaches that imply the inclusion of informal initiatives, as well as the initiatives coming from the civil and creative sector. Transdisciplinary research which connects theories from several disciplines, by using a combined methodology, resulted in identification of guidelines and principles aiming to introduce the innovations into the current system and to establish the ways for overcoming the limitations. As a result of the research, a new approach, which would allow a greater inclusion of independent initiatives in managing urban development, is proposed.
Key words
industrial heritage, activation, adaptive re-use, urban planning, institutions, civil sector, creative sector.
Book Chapters by Jasna Cizler
Kreativna & Kolaborativna ekonomija i lokalni razvoj (Creative and colaborative economy and local development), Đerić, A. (ed.), Jun 2014
Rad se bavi odnosom između spomenika industrijske kulture i kreativnog sektora. Oslanjajući se na... more Rad se bavi odnosom između spomenika industrijske kulture i kreativnog sektora. Oslanjajući se na teoriju i studije slučajeva iz inostranstva u ovoj oblasti, rad ispituje aktuelnu situaciju u Srbiji. Spomenici industrijske kulture su često porepoznati kao pogodan ambijent za alternativne umetničke i kulturne aktivnosti i kreativnu ekonomiju generalno. Kreativni sektor je jedan od ključnih aktera u prepoznavanju vrednosti industrijskog nasleđa, a nasleđe i kreativnost u sinergiji su se pokazali kao katalizatori pozitivnih promena. Hipoteza je da integracija kulturnih potencijala industrijskog nasleđa i socijalnog i kreativnog kapitala kreativnog sektora može pozitivno uticati na razvoj kreativne ekonomije, zaštitu nasleđa i urbani razvoj. Ipak, u ovim procesima postoji rizik od džentrifikacije i u radu se skreće pažnja na opasnost od instrumentalizacije kulture u javnim politikama u cilju podizanja ekonomske vrednosti zemljišta. Kao suprotnost džentrifikaciji, rad promoviše značaj participacije u procesu odlučivanja i inkluzivni pristup urbanom razvoju u kom kreativne ekonomije mogu igrati značajnu ulogu.
The Phenomenon of Globalization: A Collection of Interdisciplinary Globalization Research Essays, 2013
Papers by Jasna Cizler
Sociologija i prostor, 2019
The paper explores the process of redevelopment of Venetian waterfront areas through the initiati... more The paper explores the process of redevelopment of Venetian waterfront areas through the initiatives of the local civil and creative sector. The important aspect of the research is the investigation of the role of these initiatives in protecting the heritage and the common good from the dominantly commercial development and unsustainable forms of tourism. The hypothesis is that non-institutional initiatives have the capacity, as well as the need to protect and use underused heritage buildings, and that they can influence and improve the results of the activation of these places through providing the innovations that would contribute to adapting the current planning practice. The research methodology is qualitative and combined: the main research method was a case study of policy and practice related to the activation of the Venetian Arsenal. The research consisted of the review of previous research and literature, field work at the chosen location, participating in events related to the research topic, meetings with experts and interviews with relevant actors. The aims of the research were: to investigate the current policy and practice regarding the activation of unused waterfront sites; to explore the role of bottom-up initiatives in this process; to examine how the existing institutional framework relates to such innovative initiatives; and to examine the limitations of this process and the possibilities for its improvement.
https://hrcak.srce.hr/219740, 2019
The subject of the research is the reuse of former industrial areas through innovative and bottom... more The subject of the research is the reuse of former industrial areas through innovative and bottom-up initiatives. These approaches have already been applied in other countries and are gradually emerging in Serbia, while facing several limitations. The first hypothesis is that the institutional framework and the existing policy for activation of these locations in Serbia are inadequate. The second hypothesis is that initiatives of the civil and creative sector can improve the results of the activation of former industrial buildings. The task was to investigate the practice of the activation in Serbia, to examine the limitations of this process and to indicate the possibilities for its improvement. Research methodology is qualitative and it involved interviews with relevant actors. The research focused on two case studies from Serbia: 1. Former brick factory complex-Trudbenik in Belgrade, and 2. Former industrial complex Kineska četvrt in Novi Sad. The research has shown that limitations in the institutional framework for the activation of former industrial buildings in Serbia could be overcome through a greater inclusion of non-institutional initiatives. The research resulted with an identification of guidelines aiming to introduce these innovations in urban development process.
The paper aims at examining the current policy and practice on rehabilitation of former industria... more The paper aims at examining the current policy and practice on rehabilitation of former industrial areas in Austria, with special focus on industrial heritage and its social and economic potentials. Often neglected, industrial places are today valuable sites with alternative aesthetics and after-use concepts such as living, cultural events, leisure or greening urban areas. The assumption is that regeneration of industrial areas needs the inclusion of local groups, in order to preserve the place identity and to initiate a beneficial re-use of the heritage site. Consequently the authors pay special attention to the planning processes and the positive effects of civil and creative development initiatives. The used methodology is based on qualitative and quantitative methods, including case studies, qualitative interviews and data analysis.
The aim of this research was to examine the role of creative and civil initiatives in the transfo... more The aim of this research was to examine the role of creative and civil initiatives in the transformation of former industrial sites in the Czech Republic, to indicate positive effects of this approach, as well as to identify limitations and offer recommendations. Research is based on two hypotheses. Based on the evidence of monuments left to decay, being demolished or inadequately used by dominantly commercial interests, the first hypothesis is that the complexity of the re-use of heritage requires new, innovative approaches. Second hypothesis is that, since the creative use of former industrial sites can contribute to the city and its residents trough several significant aspects, it should play a more important role in urban planning and heritage management. This paper is a result of the qualitative research based on observation of the phenomenon of the activation of former industrial buildings and establishing the relationship with theoretical concepts.
Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, Vol 63(4), Dec 2013
"This paper explores brownfield renewal as a measure of sustainable land use. The aim was to high... more "This paper explores brownfield renewal as a measure of sustainable land use. The aim was to highlight the brownfield redevelopment as a strategy for mitigation of negative effects of
climate changes. Emphasis was put on innovative concepts in brownfield redevelopment, which involve land recycling, application of ecological and sustainable solutions. Main case studies are from Austria. Their analysis and evaluation show which concepts and strategies are used in successful redevelopment projects, and which strategies give the best results. This shows that brownfield renewal can have positive effects on regulation and mitigation of climate changes. Finally, guidelines for climate changes accountable and redevelopment will be derived. Research methodology is qualitative and combined, comprising of data analysis, case studies (field work, interviews with relevant actors), analysis of case studies and evaluation according to previously defined criteria, synthesis of results and generalisation and interpretation of results. "
PROBLEMY EKOROZWOJU – PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 2013, vol. 8, no 2, 85-91, May 2013
Article discusses current problems in rural Serbia and investigates development opportunities. Th... more Article discusses current problems in rural Serbia and investigates development opportunities. The intention is to indicate strengths and weaknesses of the present situation and to highlight possible solutions for sustainable development. The results were presented in the form of potential methods for future development and are dis-cussed through several issues: sustainable regional development and sustainable rural development as an alternative to excessive urbanization; cultivating the tradition of the village and development of rural tourism; cultural heritage in the service of sustainable development; building the ecological image of the village through promotion of the local economy and organic farming; and social capital and infrastructure development as factors of sustainable development. The conclusion is that in planning the development of rural areas, villages should be seen as a value and their potentials and regional characteristics should be promoted and used in order to contribute to sustainable development.
Key words: rural development, sustainability, localization, tourism, heritage, agriculture, tradition
The paper examines current policy, practice and outcomes of the urban regeneration in Leeds, with... more The paper examines current policy, practice and outcomes of the urban regeneration in Leeds, with special focus on industrial heritage of the city. This is a review article with critical, analytical and problem oriented approach. Due to its architectural, social, historical and technological significance, industrial heritage is recognised as a prominent factor of the identity of many cities today and is often associated with interests of the local community. As a former industrial city, Leeds has a number of unused industrial buildings and a lot of potential for developing on this base. Still, as research showed, regeneration projects focuse on promotion of comercial facilities, and attempts to attract primarily tourists, students and young professionals to the city. Regeneration causes effects such as gentrification, lack of public facilities and engagement of local community, and loss of the sense of place. Examples of alternative projects in Leeds are researched at the end and some different approaches for development of the city proposed. More holistic and integral approach, oriented towards needs of the local community is recognised as a possible direction for future development.
"L. S. Lowry, known today as a great English painter, was one of the first people who found inspi... more "L. S. Lowry, known today as a great English painter, was one of the first people who found inspiration for art in industrial landscapes. He was only 22 when in 1909 moved with his parents to industrial town Pendlebury, at the Manchester periphery, where `factory chimneys were more frequent sight than trees`. He used to say about the beginning of his career:
`I did the paintings of factories and industrial workers because I lived on the spot. There was nothing much else for me to paint, you see. At first I detested it, and then, after years I got pretty interested in it, then obsessed by it.`
In 1955, when already gained popularity, he made Industrial Landscape, one in a series of paintings that resemble children drawings, with its modified perspectives, coal mines, factories and back-to-back houses typical for this part of England. Everyone who sees his work today understands that Lowry succeeded in finding beauty in a rough reality of the industrial town.
Decades after, Manchester was a place where one of the biggest and most important annual meetings of architecture students happened. About 450 participants gathered to discuss the theme - Identity, and among them were three of us coming from Pancevo to be workshop tutors. Our project, Hunter Diaries, drew inspiration from parallels between two cities – Manchester and Pancevo, both recognised as important places in history of development of industry. Manchester is often regarded as the first industrial town in the world and has already gone through the phase of deindustrialization. Pancevo, on the other hand, is a small Serbian town, going through transition and still having considerable problems with its industrial legacy, among which - the pollution.
Two weeks spent in Manchester were full of wondering around derelict and reused factories on bicycles and sleeping in adapted old warehouse, while producing different projects related to industrial landscapes. After that, we presented results and did a workshop with residents of Pancevo, trying to make a clearer picture about significance and potentials of its industrial heritage. Repeating the workshop in different contexts was recognised as a good opportunity to compare experiences and way of thinking about the topic that considers not only architects, but also the general public. Among participants were students of different disciplines, painters, writers, art historians, designers and illustrators. While in Manchester research had a character of `hunting` industrial relicts in a modern city, in Pancevo it presented an opportunity to get to know factories that are our daily surrounding and become aware of their values. For many of us, it was the first time we visited old brewery, railway station and silk factory, industrial machines in them, and met and heard stories of some of the workers left. There is a need in capitalist society to make all space maximally utilized, useful and productive, and derelict industrial locations are often perceived as ruins, disturbing places where nothing happens and nothing exists. But is it really so? For us, these visits strongly resembled detective stories and children adventures of place exploring. Tim Edensor, a professor in Manchester, indicates that industrial buildings are places where a series of activities take place – such as free car parking, alternative and creative work and play. Industrial ruins are places of surprise and alternative aesthetic and sensual experience. Lack of defined meaning and function, unclear borders between past and present and intimate relationship with the memory of the place, are what make them so interesting and significant in increasingly homogenous, socially over regulated and over designed postindustrial cities.
It was interesting to look at differences in perception of industrial heritage between participants in two cities and follow its changes in a moment when something that was un-used industrial area becomes a heritage. Does public, and to what extent, perceive valuable industrial architecture of the city as its own heritage and part of the local identity? In Manchester, participants were mostly architects, interested in heritage as an element in brand and image creation, catalyst of urban regeneration. In Pancevo participants have mostly reacted on neglecting of buildings and since Pancevo is one of the most polluted cities in Europe today, many felt the need to react on this issue when talking about industry. Is industrial heritage a symbol of progress and pride for the local community, or on the contrary – a symbol of dereliction, hard work, pollution and illnesses? Even in Manchester, one can still feel industrial past of the city. On of the participants, Boris, explains his view of the city:
– Manchester was full of bricks, concrete and barbed wire, with almost no trees. Through the city flows Irvel river that was once full of fish and other river species. People used to swim there during the summer and water could be drunk. During the industrial revolution pollution started and life in the river is still not regenerated. Yet, it is not fully lifeless. You can find some ducks and swans in it, but water rat is the most common animal.
Projects we got as a result were exhibited in both cities. We got photography, paintings, drawings, comics, sculpture, video-material, essays and one pop-up book. Marija made parallels between industrial machines and flowers growing in its surrounding. Boris was inspired by Manchester’s dogs, homelesses, gray skies and bricks. Jovan took photos of the details from the factory interiors, and Vuk made short video on Silk factory. This is what Vuk says about his experience:
-The most interesting part for me was entering the old silk factory. I have always found that building mystical. It is amazing to visit places that used to be full of people working and are now completely empty and derelict. I’ve been living in Pancevo for a long time and this is the first time I’m finding out some things.
For the end, we ask when was the last time you visited some of the industrial heritage buildings in a city. For example: Provijant warehouse, one of the oldest buildings in a city; Red warehouse with its unique wooden construction; Silk factory, that was influenced by examples from France and UK; a Brewery, one of the first industrial buildings in a region, or Lighthouses that used to navigate ships that sailed on Danube. Though many are not aware of this fact, experience shows they have a lot to offer. German architect Fritz Schupp said in 1932:
`We need to recognise, that industry with its huge buildings is no longer a disturbing part in our cityscape and in the countryside, but a symbol of work, a monument of the city, which every citizen should show the stranger with at least the same amount of pride as their public buildings.`
In recognising industrial heritage and its values Pancevo is still far from positive reuse examples and cases of industry museums that attract visitors across the world and bring income. But lets take a look on what is happening in our surrounding – 40.000 people visited Mikser Festival this year in unused industrial buildings of Zitomlin in Belgrade; Senje Coal mine in central Serbia is being reactivated in eco-museum and regional center for industrial heritage; Sound and Vision Festival in Majdanpek promoted industrial tourism through organised visits to industrial locations and Nis Art Foundation exhibitions brought hundreds of visitors to the complex of tobacco industry in Nis. So - It IS possible!""
Otvoreno o javnim prostorima (Openly about public spaces), 2012
Subject of the paper is industrial heritage and its regeneration. Emphasis has been put on indust... more Subject of the paper is industrial heritage and its regeneration. Emphasis has been put on industrial objects that have lost their primary function and now have historical, social and architectural value. Condition and problems of industrial heritage were discussed through the example of Pancevo, one of the first and biggest industrial cities in Serbia. Aim was to examine the current policy and practice in redevelopment and investigate in which way and to what extent can good examples from the international practice be applied to Pancevo. Findings of the research are given through set of recommendations, discussed through four themes: 1) culture-led regeneration – development of cultural activities in former industrial buildings, 2) industrial heritage as a tool for improving the ecological image of the city, 3) industrial heritage as a potential for development of tourism, 4) heritage as a potential for economic development. Value of paper lies in drawing attention on significance of the industrial heritage and problem of its dereliction, and investigation of application of international models on Serbian situation. As one of the biggest industrial cities in the region, Pancevo can serve as a model not only for Serbia, but also for cities in othercountries that are in similar situation. Key words: industrial heritage, re-use, urban regeneration.
Industry of European cities has undergone considerable restructuring in recent decades which resu... more Industry of European cities has undergone considerable restructuring in recent decades which resulted with a great number of derelict industrial sites. Many of these objects today represent unique and often neglected part of cultural heritage. Aim of this paper is to show a significance of protection and regeneration of industrial heritage in cities. At first, contradictory attitudes about this topic are considered and discussed in this paper, and then the thesis is proved through two main arguments: improvement of identity of the city and importance of industrial heritage in urban regeneration. Industrial
heritage is for its social and architectural values, often associated with identity of the space, its re-use reduces the need for development on greenfield sites, and tourism based on heritage can significantly improve the income. Series of examples indicate industrial heritage as catalyst for urban regeneration. Two case studies presented in this paper are Castlefield quarter in Manchester and Ruhr valley in
Germany.
Specialisation Thesis by Jasna Cizler
Subject of thethesis is industrial heritage and its reuse. Emphasis has been put on industrial ob... more Subject of thethesis is industrial heritage and its reuse. Emphasis has been put on industrial objects which have lost their function and now have certain historical, social and architectural value. First step was investigating the place and meaning of industrial heritage in cities, and than the current trends in its redevelopment and influence on the city were researched and presented through case studies. Problems of industrial heritage in Serbia were discussed through the example of Pancevo, one of the first and biggest industrial cities in the region, which has a lot of potential for re-use of its derelict industrial objects. After researching the current policy and practice in the redevelopment of industrial heritage, the aim was to investigate in which way and to what extent can good examples from the international practice be applied to Pancevo. Connecting the international practice with local specialties enabled the checking of the starting hypothesis – that conservation and re-use of industrial heritage in cities can contribute to local identity and urban regeneration and that redevelopment of industrial heritage in Pancevo can affect positively regeneration and development of the city. Results of the research are given through set of recommendations for dealing with industrial heritage in Pancevo, shown through four main themes: 1) development of cultural activities in former industrial objects, 2) industrial heritage as a tool for improving the ecological image of the city, 3) industrial heritage as a potential for development of tourism, and 4) promotion of heritage as a potential for economic development.
Conference Presentations by Jasna Cizler
-more than 50% of the world population and 70% of the European population lives in cities. Cities... more -more than 50% of the world population and 70% of the European population lives in cities. Cities are the biggest consumers of recources and the greatest polluters -abandoned industrial areas -the problem, but also the potencial for sustainable use of land, that should be encouraged instead of greenfield development land recycling enables preservation of the resources energy and time spent on building land recycling enables preservation of the resources, energy and time spent on building
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PhD Dissertation by Jasna Cizler
Key words
industrial heritage, activation, adaptive re-use, urban planning, institutions, civil sector, creative sector.
Book Chapters by Jasna Cizler
Papers by Jasna Cizler
climate changes. Emphasis was put on innovative concepts in brownfield redevelopment, which involve land recycling, application of ecological and sustainable solutions. Main case studies are from Austria. Their analysis and evaluation show which concepts and strategies are used in successful redevelopment projects, and which strategies give the best results. This shows that brownfield renewal can have positive effects on regulation and mitigation of climate changes. Finally, guidelines for climate changes accountable and redevelopment will be derived. Research methodology is qualitative and combined, comprising of data analysis, case studies (field work, interviews with relevant actors), analysis of case studies and evaluation according to previously defined criteria, synthesis of results and generalisation and interpretation of results. "
Key words: rural development, sustainability, localization, tourism, heritage, agriculture, tradition
`I did the paintings of factories and industrial workers because I lived on the spot. There was nothing much else for me to paint, you see. At first I detested it, and then, after years I got pretty interested in it, then obsessed by it.`
In 1955, when already gained popularity, he made Industrial Landscape, one in a series of paintings that resemble children drawings, with its modified perspectives, coal mines, factories and back-to-back houses typical for this part of England. Everyone who sees his work today understands that Lowry succeeded in finding beauty in a rough reality of the industrial town.
Decades after, Manchester was a place where one of the biggest and most important annual meetings of architecture students happened. About 450 participants gathered to discuss the theme - Identity, and among them were three of us coming from Pancevo to be workshop tutors. Our project, Hunter Diaries, drew inspiration from parallels between two cities – Manchester and Pancevo, both recognised as important places in history of development of industry. Manchester is often regarded as the first industrial town in the world and has already gone through the phase of deindustrialization. Pancevo, on the other hand, is a small Serbian town, going through transition and still having considerable problems with its industrial legacy, among which - the pollution.
Two weeks spent in Manchester were full of wondering around derelict and reused factories on bicycles and sleeping in adapted old warehouse, while producing different projects related to industrial landscapes. After that, we presented results and did a workshop with residents of Pancevo, trying to make a clearer picture about significance and potentials of its industrial heritage. Repeating the workshop in different contexts was recognised as a good opportunity to compare experiences and way of thinking about the topic that considers not only architects, but also the general public. Among participants were students of different disciplines, painters, writers, art historians, designers and illustrators. While in Manchester research had a character of `hunting` industrial relicts in a modern city, in Pancevo it presented an opportunity to get to know factories that are our daily surrounding and become aware of their values. For many of us, it was the first time we visited old brewery, railway station and silk factory, industrial machines in them, and met and heard stories of some of the workers left. There is a need in capitalist society to make all space maximally utilized, useful and productive, and derelict industrial locations are often perceived as ruins, disturbing places where nothing happens and nothing exists. But is it really so? For us, these visits strongly resembled detective stories and children adventures of place exploring. Tim Edensor, a professor in Manchester, indicates that industrial buildings are places where a series of activities take place – such as free car parking, alternative and creative work and play. Industrial ruins are places of surprise and alternative aesthetic and sensual experience. Lack of defined meaning and function, unclear borders between past and present and intimate relationship with the memory of the place, are what make them so interesting and significant in increasingly homogenous, socially over regulated and over designed postindustrial cities.
It was interesting to look at differences in perception of industrial heritage between participants in two cities and follow its changes in a moment when something that was un-used industrial area becomes a heritage. Does public, and to what extent, perceive valuable industrial architecture of the city as its own heritage and part of the local identity? In Manchester, participants were mostly architects, interested in heritage as an element in brand and image creation, catalyst of urban regeneration. In Pancevo participants have mostly reacted on neglecting of buildings and since Pancevo is one of the most polluted cities in Europe today, many felt the need to react on this issue when talking about industry. Is industrial heritage a symbol of progress and pride for the local community, or on the contrary – a symbol of dereliction, hard work, pollution and illnesses? Even in Manchester, one can still feel industrial past of the city. On of the participants, Boris, explains his view of the city:
– Manchester was full of bricks, concrete and barbed wire, with almost no trees. Through the city flows Irvel river that was once full of fish and other river species. People used to swim there during the summer and water could be drunk. During the industrial revolution pollution started and life in the river is still not regenerated. Yet, it is not fully lifeless. You can find some ducks and swans in it, but water rat is the most common animal.
Projects we got as a result were exhibited in both cities. We got photography, paintings, drawings, comics, sculpture, video-material, essays and one pop-up book. Marija made parallels between industrial machines and flowers growing in its surrounding. Boris was inspired by Manchester’s dogs, homelesses, gray skies and bricks. Jovan took photos of the details from the factory interiors, and Vuk made short video on Silk factory. This is what Vuk says about his experience:
-The most interesting part for me was entering the old silk factory. I have always found that building mystical. It is amazing to visit places that used to be full of people working and are now completely empty and derelict. I’ve been living in Pancevo for a long time and this is the first time I’m finding out some things.
For the end, we ask when was the last time you visited some of the industrial heritage buildings in a city. For example: Provijant warehouse, one of the oldest buildings in a city; Red warehouse with its unique wooden construction; Silk factory, that was influenced by examples from France and UK; a Brewery, one of the first industrial buildings in a region, or Lighthouses that used to navigate ships that sailed on Danube. Though many are not aware of this fact, experience shows they have a lot to offer. German architect Fritz Schupp said in 1932:
`We need to recognise, that industry with its huge buildings is no longer a disturbing part in our cityscape and in the countryside, but a symbol of work, a monument of the city, which every citizen should show the stranger with at least the same amount of pride as their public buildings.`
In recognising industrial heritage and its values Pancevo is still far from positive reuse examples and cases of industry museums that attract visitors across the world and bring income. But lets take a look on what is happening in our surrounding – 40.000 people visited Mikser Festival this year in unused industrial buildings of Zitomlin in Belgrade; Senje Coal mine in central Serbia is being reactivated in eco-museum and regional center for industrial heritage; Sound and Vision Festival in Majdanpek promoted industrial tourism through organised visits to industrial locations and Nis Art Foundation exhibitions brought hundreds of visitors to the complex of tobacco industry in Nis. So - It IS possible!""
heritage is for its social and architectural values, often associated with identity of the space, its re-use reduces the need for development on greenfield sites, and tourism based on heritage can significantly improve the income. Series of examples indicate industrial heritage as catalyst for urban regeneration. Two case studies presented in this paper are Castlefield quarter in Manchester and Ruhr valley in
Germany.
Specialisation Thesis by Jasna Cizler
Conference Presentations by Jasna Cizler
Key words
industrial heritage, activation, adaptive re-use, urban planning, institutions, civil sector, creative sector.
climate changes. Emphasis was put on innovative concepts in brownfield redevelopment, which involve land recycling, application of ecological and sustainable solutions. Main case studies are from Austria. Their analysis and evaluation show which concepts and strategies are used in successful redevelopment projects, and which strategies give the best results. This shows that brownfield renewal can have positive effects on regulation and mitigation of climate changes. Finally, guidelines for climate changes accountable and redevelopment will be derived. Research methodology is qualitative and combined, comprising of data analysis, case studies (field work, interviews with relevant actors), analysis of case studies and evaluation according to previously defined criteria, synthesis of results and generalisation and interpretation of results. "
Key words: rural development, sustainability, localization, tourism, heritage, agriculture, tradition
`I did the paintings of factories and industrial workers because I lived on the spot. There was nothing much else for me to paint, you see. At first I detested it, and then, after years I got pretty interested in it, then obsessed by it.`
In 1955, when already gained popularity, he made Industrial Landscape, one in a series of paintings that resemble children drawings, with its modified perspectives, coal mines, factories and back-to-back houses typical for this part of England. Everyone who sees his work today understands that Lowry succeeded in finding beauty in a rough reality of the industrial town.
Decades after, Manchester was a place where one of the biggest and most important annual meetings of architecture students happened. About 450 participants gathered to discuss the theme - Identity, and among them were three of us coming from Pancevo to be workshop tutors. Our project, Hunter Diaries, drew inspiration from parallels between two cities – Manchester and Pancevo, both recognised as important places in history of development of industry. Manchester is often regarded as the first industrial town in the world and has already gone through the phase of deindustrialization. Pancevo, on the other hand, is a small Serbian town, going through transition and still having considerable problems with its industrial legacy, among which - the pollution.
Two weeks spent in Manchester were full of wondering around derelict and reused factories on bicycles and sleeping in adapted old warehouse, while producing different projects related to industrial landscapes. After that, we presented results and did a workshop with residents of Pancevo, trying to make a clearer picture about significance and potentials of its industrial heritage. Repeating the workshop in different contexts was recognised as a good opportunity to compare experiences and way of thinking about the topic that considers not only architects, but also the general public. Among participants were students of different disciplines, painters, writers, art historians, designers and illustrators. While in Manchester research had a character of `hunting` industrial relicts in a modern city, in Pancevo it presented an opportunity to get to know factories that are our daily surrounding and become aware of their values. For many of us, it was the first time we visited old brewery, railway station and silk factory, industrial machines in them, and met and heard stories of some of the workers left. There is a need in capitalist society to make all space maximally utilized, useful and productive, and derelict industrial locations are often perceived as ruins, disturbing places where nothing happens and nothing exists. But is it really so? For us, these visits strongly resembled detective stories and children adventures of place exploring. Tim Edensor, a professor in Manchester, indicates that industrial buildings are places where a series of activities take place – such as free car parking, alternative and creative work and play. Industrial ruins are places of surprise and alternative aesthetic and sensual experience. Lack of defined meaning and function, unclear borders between past and present and intimate relationship with the memory of the place, are what make them so interesting and significant in increasingly homogenous, socially over regulated and over designed postindustrial cities.
It was interesting to look at differences in perception of industrial heritage between participants in two cities and follow its changes in a moment when something that was un-used industrial area becomes a heritage. Does public, and to what extent, perceive valuable industrial architecture of the city as its own heritage and part of the local identity? In Manchester, participants were mostly architects, interested in heritage as an element in brand and image creation, catalyst of urban regeneration. In Pancevo participants have mostly reacted on neglecting of buildings and since Pancevo is one of the most polluted cities in Europe today, many felt the need to react on this issue when talking about industry. Is industrial heritage a symbol of progress and pride for the local community, or on the contrary – a symbol of dereliction, hard work, pollution and illnesses? Even in Manchester, one can still feel industrial past of the city. On of the participants, Boris, explains his view of the city:
– Manchester was full of bricks, concrete and barbed wire, with almost no trees. Through the city flows Irvel river that was once full of fish and other river species. People used to swim there during the summer and water could be drunk. During the industrial revolution pollution started and life in the river is still not regenerated. Yet, it is not fully lifeless. You can find some ducks and swans in it, but water rat is the most common animal.
Projects we got as a result were exhibited in both cities. We got photography, paintings, drawings, comics, sculpture, video-material, essays and one pop-up book. Marija made parallels between industrial machines and flowers growing in its surrounding. Boris was inspired by Manchester’s dogs, homelesses, gray skies and bricks. Jovan took photos of the details from the factory interiors, and Vuk made short video on Silk factory. This is what Vuk says about his experience:
-The most interesting part for me was entering the old silk factory. I have always found that building mystical. It is amazing to visit places that used to be full of people working and are now completely empty and derelict. I’ve been living in Pancevo for a long time and this is the first time I’m finding out some things.
For the end, we ask when was the last time you visited some of the industrial heritage buildings in a city. For example: Provijant warehouse, one of the oldest buildings in a city; Red warehouse with its unique wooden construction; Silk factory, that was influenced by examples from France and UK; a Brewery, one of the first industrial buildings in a region, or Lighthouses that used to navigate ships that sailed on Danube. Though many are not aware of this fact, experience shows they have a lot to offer. German architect Fritz Schupp said in 1932:
`We need to recognise, that industry with its huge buildings is no longer a disturbing part in our cityscape and in the countryside, but a symbol of work, a monument of the city, which every citizen should show the stranger with at least the same amount of pride as their public buildings.`
In recognising industrial heritage and its values Pancevo is still far from positive reuse examples and cases of industry museums that attract visitors across the world and bring income. But lets take a look on what is happening in our surrounding – 40.000 people visited Mikser Festival this year in unused industrial buildings of Zitomlin in Belgrade; Senje Coal mine in central Serbia is being reactivated in eco-museum and regional center for industrial heritage; Sound and Vision Festival in Majdanpek promoted industrial tourism through organised visits to industrial locations and Nis Art Foundation exhibitions brought hundreds of visitors to the complex of tobacco industry in Nis. So - It IS possible!""
heritage is for its social and architectural values, often associated with identity of the space, its re-use reduces the need for development on greenfield sites, and tourism based on heritage can significantly improve the income. Series of examples indicate industrial heritage as catalyst for urban regeneration. Two case studies presented in this paper are Castlefield quarter in Manchester and Ruhr valley in
Germany.
Кључне речи: урбана обнова, индустријски град, браунфилд, поновна употреба, ревитализација наслеђа, идентитет.