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Cultural Diversity: A Matter of Measurement

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  • Nijkamp, Peter

    (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)

  • Poot, Jacques

    (University of Waikato)

Abstract

Cultural diversity – in various forms – has in recent years turned into a prominent and relevant research and policy issue. There is an avalanche of studies across many disciplines that measure and analyse cultural diversity and its impacts. Based on different perspectives and features of the available data, a great variety of diversity indicators have emerged. The present paper aims to highlight some critical issues involved in applying such measures of cultural diversity. A selection of commonly used or recently advocated measures are reviewed. Measures of population diversity can be calculated at different spatial scales and used to analyse spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Additionally, there is a growing interest in measuring spatial dependence, particularly in the form of segregation or clusters. We conclude that there will be in the future considerable scope for adopting multidimensional and cultural distance-weighted measures of diversity. Such measures will be increasingly calculated by means of rich geo-referenced longitudinal micro data. However, adopted measures must be better motivated by behavioural theories. Further research on the determinants and impacts of observed measures of diversity is also likely to be fruitful, particularly in a dynamical setting.

Suggested Citation

  • Nijkamp, Peter & Poot, Jacques, 2015. "Cultural Diversity: A Matter of Measurement," IZA Discussion Papers 8782, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8782
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    Cited by:

    1. Annie Tubadji & Peter Nijkamp, 2015. "Cultural impact on regional development: application of a PLS-PM model to Greece," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 54(3), pages 687-720, May.
    2. Mohana Mondal & Michael P. Cameron & Jacques Poot, 2019. "Economic and Cultural Residential Sorting of Auckland’s Population 1991-2013: An Entropy Approach," Working Papers in Economics 19/03, University of Waikato.
    3. Tubadji, Annie & Nijkamp, Peter, 2016. "Impact of Intangible Cultural Capital on Regional Economic Development: A Study on Culture-Based Development in Greece," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 46(1).
    4. David C Maré & Jacques Poot, 2022. "Accounting for social difference when measuring cultural diversity," Working Papers 22_04, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
    5. Mohana Mondal & Michael P. Cameron & Jacques Poot, 2021. "Cultural and economic residential sorting of Auckland’s population, 1991–2013: an entropy approach," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 291-330, April.
    6. Ceren Ozgen & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2013. "Measuring Cultural Diversity and its Impact on Innovation: Longitudinal Evidence from Dutch firms," Norface Discussion Paper Series 2013003, Norface Research Programme on Migration, Department of Economics, University College London.
    7. Thomas Kemeny & Abigail Cooke, 2018. "Spillovers from immigrant diversity in cities," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 18(1), pages 213-245.
    8. Ferrucci, Edoardo & Lissoni, Francesco, 2019. "Foreign inventors in Europe and the United States: Diversity and Patent Quality," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(9), pages 1-1.
    9. Maite Alguacil & Luisa Alamá-Sabater, 2021. "Migration in Spain: The Role of Cultural Diversity Revisited," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(4), pages 118-132.
    10. Bart Sleutjes & Helga A. G. Valk & Jeroen Ooijevaar, 2018. "The Measurement of Ethnic Segregation in the Netherlands: Differences Between Administrative and Individualized Neighbourhoods," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 34(2), pages 195-224, May.
    11. David C Maré & Ruth M Pinkerton & Jacques Poot, 2015. "Residential Assimilation of Immigrants: A Cohort Approach," Working Papers 15_20, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
    12. Silje Haus-Reve & Abigail Cooke, 2019. "Do regional social capital and trust matter for immigrant diversity and wages?," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1932, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Nov 2019.
    13. Eva K. Andersson & Torkild Hovde Lyngstad & Bart Sleutjes, 2018. "Comparing Patterns of Segregation in North-Western Europe: A Multiscalar Approach," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 34(2), pages 151-168, May.
    14. Raluca Ignat & Marius Constantin, 2020. "Multidimensional Facets of Entrepreneurial Resilience during the COVID-19 Crisis through the Lens of the Wealthiest Romanian Counties," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-29, December.
    15. Mohana Mondal & Michael P. Cameron & Jacques Poot, 2021. "Towards a dynamic spatial microsimulation model for projecting Auckland's spatial distribution of ethnic groups," Working Papers in Economics 21/12, University of Waikato.
    16. Rinku, 2023. "Linkage of Cultural and Gender Diversity with Productivity in Chikankari Industry of Lucknow," Journal of Development Policy and Practice, , vol. 8(1), pages 43-54, January.
    17. Moritz Meister & Annekatrin Niebuhr, 2021. "Comparing ethnic segregation across cities—measurement issues matter," Review of Regional Research: Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft, Springer;Gesellschaft für Regionalforschung (GfR), vol. 41(1), pages 33-54, February.
    18. David C. Maré & Jacques Poot, 2019. "Valuing cultural diversity of cities," Working Papers 19_05, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
    19. Daniel Arribas-Bel & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2016. "How diverse can measures of segregation be? Results from Monte Carlo simulations of an agent-based model," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 48(10), pages 2046-2066, October.
    20. Zhiling Wang & Thomas de Graaff & Peter Nijkamp, 2018. "Barriers of Culture, Networks, and Language in International Migration: A Review," REGION, European Regional Science Association, vol. 5, pages 73-89.
    21. Mohana Mondal & Michael P. Cameron & Jacques Poot, 2018. "Group-Size Bias in the Measurement of Residential Sorting," Working Papers in Economics 18/09, University of Waikato.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    polarization; segregation; culture; ethnicity; dissimilarity measurement; diversity; fractionalization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C00 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - General
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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