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State-Based Conflict and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Naudé, Wim

    (RWTH Aachen University)

  • Amorós, Ernesto

    (EGAP Tecnológico de Monterrey CEM)

  • Brück, Tilman

    (ISDC - International Security and Development Center)

Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between state-based conflict and entrepreneurship. From a survey of the existing literature, we formulate two hypotheses: (1) state-based conflict has a negative association with productive and opportunity-motivated forms of entrepreneurship, and (2) a positive association with unproductive and necessity-motivated forms of entrepreneurship. We test these hypotheses by drawing on several state-based conflict and entrepreneurship measures, using appropriate estimators, and employing robustness checks. The evidence supports our hypotheses. Necessity-motivated start-up entrepreneurship is, on average, almost three times higher in countries in conflict than in countries not in conflict. Development level matters. In countries with less unemployment, more finance, and higher levels of physical, human capital and GDP, entrepreneurship is more resilient, and the ratio of female-to-male entrepreneurs in opportunity-motivated entrepreneurship higher.

Suggested Citation

  • Naudé, Wim & Amorós, Ernesto & Brück, Tilman, 2023. "State-Based Conflict and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence," IZA Discussion Papers 15946, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15946
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    entrepreneurship; conflict; war; small business; employment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • N40 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - General, International, or Comparative
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements

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