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Did residential electricity rates fall after retail competition? a dynamic panel analysis

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  • Adam Swadley
  • Mine K. Yücel

Abstract

A key selling point for the restructuring of electricity markets was the promise of lower prices, that competition among independent power suppliers would lower electricity prices to retail customers. There is not much consensus in earlier studies on the effects of electricity deregulation, particularly for residential customers. Part of the reason for not finding a consistent link with deregulation and lower prices was that the removal of the transitional price caps led to higher prices. In addition, the timing of the removal of price caps coincided with rising fuel prices, which were passed on to consumers in a competitive market. Using a dynamic panel model, we analyze the effect of participation rates, fuel costs, market size, a rate cap and a switch to competition for 16 states and the District of Columbia. We find that an increase in participation rates, price controls, a larger market, and high shares of hydro in electricity generation lower retail prices, while increases in natural gas and coal prices increase rates. The effects of a competitive retail electricity market are mixed across states, but generally appear to lower prices in states with high participation and raise prices in states that have little customer participation.

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  • Adam Swadley & Mine K. Yücel, 2011. "Did residential electricity rates fall after retail competition? a dynamic panel analysis," Working Papers 1105, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:feddwp:1105
    Note: Published as: Swadley, Adam and Mine Yücel (2011), "Did Residential Electricity Rates Fall After Retail Competition? A Dynamic Panel Analysis," Energy Policy 39 (12): 7702-7711.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tsai, Chen-Hao & Tsai, Yi-Lin, 2018. "Competitive retail electricity market under continuous price regulation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 274-287.
    2. Agustin J. Ros, 2017. "An Econometric Assessment of Electricity Demand in the United States Using Utility-specific Panel Data and the Impact of Retail Competition on Prices," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4).
    3. Kleit, Andrew N. & Shcherbakova, Anastasia V. & Chen, Xu, 2012. "Restructuring and the retail residential market for power in Pennsylvania," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 443-451.
    4. Stagnaro, Carlo & Amenta, Carlo & Di Croce, Giulia & Lavecchia, Luciano, 2020. "Managing the liberalization of Italy's retail electricity market: A policy proposal☆," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    5. Hyland, Marie, 2016. "Restructuring European electricity markets – A panel data analysis," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 33-42.
    6. O'Shaughnessy, Eric & Heeter, Jenny & Gattaciecca, Julien & Sauer, Jenny & Trumbull, Kelly & Chen, Emily, 2019. "Empowered communities: The rise of community choice aggregation in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1110-1119.
    7. McDaniel, Tanga M. & Groothuis, Peter A., 2012. "Retail competition in electricity supply—Survey results in North Carolina," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 315-321.
    8. Amenta, Carlo & Aronica, Martina & Stagnaro, Carlo, 2022. "Is more competition better? Retail electricity prices and switching rates in the European Union," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    9. Pasrun Adam & Usman Rianse & Edi Cahyono & Manat Rahim, 2015. "Modeling of the Dynamics Relationship between World Crude Oil Prices and the Stock Market in Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 5(2), pages 550-557.
    10. Agustin J. Ros, 2020. "Does electricity competition work for residential consumers? Evidence from demand models for default and competitive residential electricity services," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 58(1), pages 1-32, August.
    11. Kaller, Alexander & Bielen, Samantha & Marneffe, Wim, 2018. "The impact of regulatory quality and corruption on residential electricity prices in the context of electricity market reforms," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 514-524.
    12. Fotouhi Ghazvini, Mohammad Ali & Ramos, Sergio & Soares, João & Castro, Rui & Vale, Zita, 2019. "Liberalization and customer behavior in the Portuguese residential retail electricity market," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Juyong Lee & Youngsang Cho & Yoonmo Koo & Chansoo Park, 2018. "Effects of Market Reform on Facility Investment in Electric Power Industry: Panel Data Analysis of 27 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-16, September.
    14. Castro Pérez, José E. & Flores, Daniel, 2023. "The effect of retail price regulation on the wholesale price of electricity," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    15. Haar, Lawrence, 2021. "The competitive disadvantages facing British assetless electricity retailers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    16. Josue Campos do Prado & Wei Qiao & Liyan Qu & Julio Romero Agüero, 2019. "The Next-Generation Retail Electricity Market in the Context of Distributed Energy Resources: Vision and Integrating Framework," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-24, February.
    17. Eric L. Prentis, 2015. "Evidence on U.S. Electricity Prices: Regulated Utility vs. Restructured States," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 5(1), pages 253-262.
    18. Segarra, Ignacio & Atanasova, Christina & Figuerola-Ferretti, Isabel, 2024. "Electricity markets regulations: The financial impact of the global energy crisis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    19. Claire Bergaentzlé, 2013. "From smart technology to smart consumers: for better system reliability and improved market efficiency," Post-Print halshs-01011169, HAL.
    20. Zarnikau, J. & Cao, K.H. & Qi, H.S. & Woo, C.K., 2023. "Has retail competition reduced residential electricity prices in Texas?," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).

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