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Mercados, entidades financieras y bancos centrales ante el cambio climático: retos y oportunidades

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  • Clara I. González
  • Soledad Núñez

Abstract

El cambio climático y la transición hacia una economía de bajo carbono involucran al sistema financiero mediante dos vías. Primero, por su papel de canalizador de la financiación necesaria para llevar a cabo las cuantiosas inversiones que requiere el cumplimiento de los Acuerdos de París. En los últimos años, se han producido avances, aún insuficientes, en el desarrollo de nuevos productos, siendo los bonos verdes el instrumento de financiación verde más desarrollado. Segundo, por los riesgos financieros que el cambio climático y la transición hacia una economía de bajo carbono implican que afectan al balance de las entidades financieras y tienen, además, una naturaleza sistémica. Esto hace necesario llevar a cabo un proceso de evaluación de dichos riesgos y de su exposición a ambos, si bien no es una tarea fácil. Hay aún obstáculos y retos que superar, como son la falta de una taxonomía sobre qué es “verde” y qué es “marrón”, la falta de información y de conocimiento de metodologías apropiadas, el horizonte más largo e incierto de estos riesgos, lo cual supone poner en marcha nuevas capacidades e integración de dichos riesgos en toda la organización, así como un enfoque forward looking. Por último, las responsabilidades de los bancos centrales en relación a la supervisión de entidades y de la estabilidad financiera determina que también sea necesario que los bancos centrales integren los aspectos relacionados con el cambio climático en sus prácticas supervisoras y macroprudenciales, así como conocer mejor las implicaciones sistémicas que pueden tener para la economía y el conjunto del sistema financiero.

Suggested Citation

  • Clara I. González & Soledad Núñez, 2019. "Mercados, entidades financieras y bancos centrales ante el cambio climático: retos y oportunidades," Working Papers 2019-06, FEDEA.
    • Handle: RePEc:fda:fdaddt:2019-06
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