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Smart Specialization policy in the EU: Relatedness, Knowledge Complexity and Regional Diversification

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  • Pierre-Alexandre Balland
  • Ron Boschma
  • Joan Crespo
  • David L. Rigby

Abstract

Smart specialization has become a hallmark of the EU's Cohesion Policy. Envisaged as a bottom-up initiative identifying local knowledge cores and associated competitive advantages, the operationalization of smart specialization has been rather limited, as a coherent set of analytical tools to guide the policy directives remains elusive. To tackle the weak underpinning of smart specialization policy, we propose a policy framework around the concepts of relatedness and knowledge complexity. We use EPO patent data to provide evidence on how EU regions develop new technologies in the period 1990-2009. We find that diversifying into more complex technologies is highly attractive but difficult for EU regions to accomplish. Regions can overcome this diversification dilemma by developing new complex technologies that build on local related capabilities. We use these findings to construct a policy framework for smart specialization that highlights the potential risks and rewards for regions of adopting competing diversification strategies. We show how potential costs of alternative strategies in regions may be assessed by making use of the relatedness concept, and how potential benefits of various smart specialization strategies can be derived from estimates of the complexity of technologies. A series of case-studies of different types of regions illustrate the utility of this policy framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre-Alexandre Balland & Ron Boschma & Joan Crespo & David L. Rigby, 2017. "Smart Specialization policy in the EU: Relatedness, Knowledge Complexity and Regional Diversification," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1717, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Jul 2017.
    • Handle: RePEc:egu:wpaper:1717
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    Cited by:

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    2. Hidalgo, César A., 2023. "The policy implications of economic complexity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(9).
    3. Erkan Erdil & İbrahim Semih Akçomak & Umut Yılmaz Çetinkaya, 2022. "Is There Knowledge Convergence Among European Regions? Evidence from the European Union Framework Programmes," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(2), pages 1243-1267, June.
    4. Tullio Buccellato & Giancarlo Corò, 2020. "Path dependence in regional structural change: implications for the EU cohesion and innovation policy," Working Papers 2020:14, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari".
    5. Carmelina Bevilacqua & Poya Sohrabi & Nourhan Hamdy, 2022. "Spatializing Social Networking Analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-19, March.
    6. Hartmann, Dominik & Bezerra, Mayra & Pinheiro, Flávio L., 2019. "Identifying smart strategies for economic diversification and inclusive growth in developing economies: The case of Paraguay," Hohenheim Discussion Papers in Business, Economics and Social Sciences 04-2019, University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences.
    7. Akcomak, Semih & Erdil, Erkan & Cetinkaya, Umut Yılmaz, 2018. "Knowledge convergence in European regions: Towards cohesion?," MERIT Working Papers 2018-027, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    8. Apa, Roberta & De Noni, Ivan & Orsi, Luigi & Sedita, Silvia Rita, 2018. "Knowledge space oddity: How to increase the intensity and relevance of the technological progress of European regions," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(9), pages 1700-1712.
    9. Fedoua Kasmi, 2021. "Industrial Symbiosis and Territorial Development: The Cross-Fertilization of Proximity Dynamics and the Role of Information and Knowledge Flows," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(1), pages 342-362, March.
    10. Adam Whittle, 2017. "Local and Non-Local Knowledge Typologies: Technological Complexity in the Irish Knowledge Space," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1728, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Nov 2017.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    smart specialization; knowledge complexity; technological relatedness; regional diversification; EU Cohesion Policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O25 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Industrial Policy
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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