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Impacts of the Federal Energy Acts and Other Influences on Prices of Agricultural Commodities and Food

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  • Ferris, John N.

Abstract

Most of the increase in ethanol production in the 2008-2012 period can be attributed to the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) and earlier federal energy legislation. The expansion in U.S. biofuel production, particularly ethanol, was the predominant cause of the elevated commodity prices. Other influences documented were a weak dollar, speculation and an increasingly inelastic commodity demand function. The supply function displayed more elasticity as crop farmers responded to rising profits. Upward pressures on commodity prices from EISA will ease as grain ethanol production will level off but will continue to support the market. The biodiesel industry, as well as dry mill ethanol plants, will benefit from the expansion in the extraction of corn oil from distillers’ dried grain. A major offset to the amount of corn diverted from livestock to ethanol was the increased availability of distillers’ dried grain (DDG), a mid-protein feed. As a percent of total protein feed, utilization of DDG increased from 8% in crop years 2001-2005 to 18% in 2007-2011. While retail food prices increased by 20% between 2002-2006 and 2008-2012, higher agricultural commodity prices accounted for only a 3.80% increase. Over a percentage point of this increase was due to higher energy prices which raised the cost of production on crops, reducing the agricultural commodity price contribution to 2.77%. The net effect was further adjusted downward to 2.38% to account for savings in federal farm subsidies; then adjusted upward to 2.50-2.57% to factor in the costs of the blenders’ tax credit in EISA in 2007-2011 and projected to 2021. The conclusion is that EISA and earlier energy legislation has had and will continue to have a minor impact on U.S. retail food prices, less than 2.5%.

Suggested Citation

  • Ferris, John N., 2013. "Impacts of the Federal Energy Acts and Other Influences on Prices of Agricultural Commodities and Food," Staff Paper Series 150245, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:midasp:150245
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.150245
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Zilberman & Gal Hochman & Deepak Rajagopal & Steve Sexton & Govinda Timilsina, 2013. "The Impact of Biofuels on Commodity Food Prices: Assessment of Findings," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 95(2), pages 275-281.
    2. Ferris, John N., 2011. "Potential for Corn Oil Extracted from Distillers’ Dried Grain and Solubles as a Feedstock for Biodiesel," Staff Paper Series 115632, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
    3. Bruce A. Babcock, 2011. "The Impact of Ethanol and Ethanol Subsidies on Corn Prices: Revisiting History," Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) Publications (archive only) 11-pb5, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University.
    4. Trostle, Ronald, 2008. "Factors Contributing to Recent Increases in Food Commodity Prices (PowerPoint)," Seminars 43902, USDA Economists Group.
    5. von Braun, Joachim & Torero, Maximo, 2009. "Exploring the Price Spike," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 24(1), pages 1-6.
    6. Ferris, John N., 2006. "Modeling the U.S. Domestic Livestock Feed Sector in a Period of Rapidly Expanding By-Product Feed Supplies from Ethanol Production," Staff Paper Series 11628, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
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    Keywords

    Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy;
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