Genosida Guatemala

Guatemalan genocide
Guatemalan genocide
Bagian dari Guatemalan Civil War
	Excavation of the corpses of victims of the Guatemalan Civil War.
Lokasi	Guatemala
Tanggal	Civil War (1960–1996); Silent Holocaust (1981–1983);
Sasaran	Maya peoples
Jenis serangan	Forced disappearance, genocidal massacre, torture, sexual violence, crimes against humanity
Korban tewas	min. 32,632 Maya, min. 42,275 total\|(83% of 42,275 victims of human rights abuses during the civil war were ethnic Maya, at least 93% of them killed by the government)}} 166,000 Maya
Pelaku	Guatemalan government, local militias
Motif	Anti-Mayan sentiment, suppressing alleged leftist rebels

Genosida Guatemala atau disebut juga Genosida Orang Maya^[3] adalah peristiwa pembunuhan massal warga sipil Maya pada saat operasi Counter-insurgency dipimpin oleh militer dari Guatemala yang berlangsung pada tahun 1960–1998 dan mengakibatkan 200.000 orang meninggal atau menghilang. Jenis serangan yang dilakukan antara lain, pembunuhan masal, penculikan paksa, penyiksaan, dan hukuman mati tanpa melalui proses pengadilan yang benar.

Latar belakang

Asal mula pemberontakan ini berawal dari konflik warga sipil Maya yang tidak menyukai tingkah laku pendatang Eropa yang semena-mena. Warga sipil Maya merasa bahwa tanah mereka telah direbut dengan tidak adil. Pemberontakan tersebut dianggap melawan kedaulatan negeri, sehingga Militer Guatemala yang sebagian besar berbangsa Spanyol lantas memberantas masyarakat sipil Maya.^{[butuh rujukan]}

Korban

Sekitar 200.000 masyarakat Guatemala terbunuh selama Perang Saudara Guatemala. Sebanyak 93% dari korban dibunuh dilakukan oleh tentara pemerintah, termasuk 40.000 orang yang hilang. Dalam peristiwa Genosida Guatemala tersebut, 83% korban meninggal adalah orang Maya yang berarti lebih dari 170.000 orang Maya dan sisanya 17% merupakan orang Ladino. Sebuah penelitian dari Juvenile Division of the Supreme Court pada tanggal 1 Maret 1985 mengungkapkan bahwa lebih dari 200.000 anak telah kehilangan satu orang tuanya akibat peristiwa genosida tersebut. Sebanyak 25% orang dilaporkan hilang mulai tahun 1980, yang berarti sekitar 45.000 sampai 60.000 orang dewasa Guatemala terbunuh pada1980–1985.^{[butuh rujukan]}

Referensi

^ 83% of the fully identified 42,275 civilians killed by human rights violations during the Guatemalan Civil War were Mayan and 17% were Latino of those 93% were killed by the government. See EH 1999, hlm. 17 and "Press Briefing: Press conference by members of the Guatemala Historical Clarification Commission". United Nations. 1 March 1999. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31. Diakses tanggal 13 August 2016.
^ Foster, Lynn V. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World (PDF). hlm. 84. While only limited violence has accompanied the on-going Zapatista movement in Chiapas, a holocaust occurred in Guatemala. Highland Maya civilians were the victims of a 36-year civil war in which 900,000 of them were displaced from their lands, many of them becoming refugees in Mexico, Belize, and the United States, and another 166,000 were killed or 'disappeared'. By the time a cease-fire was declared in 1996, the Maya constituted 83 percent of the war dead. A United Nations study stated that Guatemala's war policies had been tantamount to Maya genocide. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
^ Foster, L.V. (2002). Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World (PDF). USA: Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-4148-2. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

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[GHCC-1] 83% of the fully identified 42,275 civilians killed by human rights violations during the Guatemalan Civil War were Mayan and 17% were Latino of those 93% were killed by the government. See EH 1999, hlm. 17 and "Press Briefing: Press conference by members of the Guatemala Historical Clarification Commission". United Nations. 1 March 1999. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31. Diakses tanggal 13 August 2016.

[handbook-2] Foster, Lynn V. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World (PDF). hlm. 84. While only limited violence has accompanied the on-going Zapatista movement in Chiapas, a holocaust occurred in Guatemala. Highland Maya civilians were the victims of a 36-year civil war in which 900,000 of them were displaced from their lands, many of them becoming refugees in Mexico, Belize, and the United States, and another 166,000 were killed or 'disappeared'. By the time a cease-fire was declared in 1996, the Maya constituted 83 percent of the war dead. A United Nations study stated that Guatemala's war policies had been tantamount to Maya genocide. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

[3] Foster, L.V. (2002). Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World (PDF). USA: Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-4148-2. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

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