Biology:Thymopoietin

Generic protein structure example

Lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2), isoforms beta/gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMPO gene. LAP2 is an inner nuclear membrane (INM) protein.

Thymopoietin is a protein involved in the induction of CD90 in the thymus. The thymopoetin (TMPO) gene encodes three alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding proteins of 75 kDa (alpha), 51 kDa (beta) and 39 kDa (gamma) which are ubiquitously expressed in all cells. The human TMPO gene maps to chromosome band 12q22 and consists of eight exons. TMPO alpha is present diffusely expressed with the cell nucleus while TMPO beta and gamma are localized to the nuclear membrane. TMPO beta is a human homolog of the murine protein LAP2. LAP2 plays a role in the regulation of nuclear architecture by binding lamin B1 and chromosomes. This interaction is regulated by phosphorylation during mitosis. Given the nuclear localization of the three TMPO isoforms, it is unlikely that these proteins play any role in CD90 induction.

Interactions

Thymopoietin has been shown to interact with Barrier to autointegration factor 1, AKAP8L, LMNB1 and LMNA.

Further reading

• "Structure and mapping of the human thymopoietin (TMPO) gene and relationship of human TMPO beta to rat lamin-associated polypeptide 2". Genomics 28 (2): 198–205. Jul 1995. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1131. PMID 8530026. 
• "Review: lamina-associated polypeptide 2 isoforms and related proteins in cell cycle-dependent nuclear structure dynamics". Journal of Structural Biology 129 (2–3): 335–45. Apr 2000. doi:10.1006/jsbi.2000.4212. PMID 10806084. 
• "Bioassay determinations of thymopoietin and thymic hormone levels in human plasma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74 (6): 2541–5. Jun 1977. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.6.2541. PMID 302007. Bibcode: 1977PNAS...74.2541T. 
• "Peptide analogs of thymopentin distinguish distinct thymopoietin receptor specificities on two human T cell lines". Regulatory Peptides 27 (2): 257–62. Feb 1990. doi:10.1016/0167-0115(90)90044-W. PMID 2158125. 
• "Immunoassay for bovine serum thymopoietin: discrimination from splenin by monoclonal antibodies". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 228 (1): 292–8. Jan 1984. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(84)90070-5. PMID 6364989. 
• "A new thymopoietin precursor gene from human thymus". Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 34 (5): 927–33. Nov 1994. PMID 7703909. 
• "Isolation and complete amino acid sequence of human thymopoietin and splenin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91 (13): 6249. Jun 1994. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.13.6249. PMID 8016147. Bibcode: 1994PNAS...91.6249G. 
• "Structure and mapping of the human thymopoietin (TMPO) gene and relationship of human TMPO beta to rat lamin-associated polypeptide 2". Genomics 28 (2): 198–205. Jul 1995. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1131. PMID 8530026. 
• "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Analytical Biochemistry 236 (1): 107–13. Apr 1996. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474. 
• "The characterization and localization of the mouse thymopoietin/lamina-associated polypeptide 2 gene and its alternatively spliced products". Genome Research 6 (5): 361–70. May 1996. doi:10.1101/gr.6.5.361. PMID 8743987. 
• "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Research 7 (4): 353–8. Apr 1997. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMID 9110174. 
• "The major nuclear envelope targeting domain of LAP2 coincides with its lamin binding region but is distinct from its chromatin interaction domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (7): 4213–9. Feb 1998. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.7.4213. PMID 9461618. 
• "Identification of the lamina-associated-polypeptide-2-binding domain of B-type lamin". European Journal of Biochemistry 251 (3): 729–33. Feb 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2510729.x. PMID 9490046. 
• "Detergent-salt resistance of LAP2alpha in interphase nuclei and phosphorylation-dependent association with chromosomes early in nuclear assembly implies functions in nuclear structure dynamics". The EMBO Journal 17 (16): 4887–902. Aug 1998. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.16.4887. PMID 9707448. 
• "LAP2 binding protein 1 (L2BP1/BAF) is a candidate mediator of LAP2-chromatin interaction". Journal of Cell Science 112 ( Pt 15) (15): 2485–92. Aug 1999. doi:10.1242/jcs.112.15.2485. PMID 10393804. 
• "On the role of thymopoietins in cell proliferation. Immunochemical evidence for new members of the human thymopoietin family". Biological Chemistry 380 (6): 653–60. Jun 1999. doi:10.1515/BC.1999.081. PMID 10430029. 
• "Lamina-associated polypeptide 2alpha binds intranuclear A-type lamins". Journal of Cell Science 113 Pt 19 (19): 3473–84. Oct 2000. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.19.3473. PMID 10984438. 
• "HA95 is a protein of the chromatin and nuclear matrix regulating nuclear envelope dynamics". Journal of Cell Science 113 Pt 21 (21): 3703–13. Nov 2000. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.21.3703. PMID 11034899. 

External links

• Thymopoietins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)