As open as possible, as closed as necessary.

According to UNESCO (c.f. Recommendation on Open Science 2021), four key pillars of openness:

• open scientific knowledge;
• open science infrastructures;
• open engagement of societal actors; and,
• open dialogue with other knowledge systems.

• Open science promotes a more accurate verification of scientific results.
• Open science reduces duplication in collecting, creating, transferring and re-using scientific material.
• Open science increases productivity in an era of tight budgets.
• Open science results in great innovation potential and increased consumer choice from public research.
• Open science promotes citizens’ trust in science.

Source of text: OECD

For example, for open scientific knowledge, one could:

• open access scientific publications (e.g. here);
• open research data (e.g. here);
• open educational resources (e.g. here);
• open software and source code (e.g. here); and,
• open hardware (e.g. here).

Another cool initiative:

• UTBM Portal on HAL
• UTBM Portal on Recherche Data Gouv
• UTBM Portal on dat@UBFC

• MOOC Science ouverte
• Déposer dans HAL
• L'identité numérique du chercheur
• Rédiger un DMP
• Déposer dans HAL (3eme session)

• Open Science European Conference (OSEC), Paris, France, 4-5 February 2022.