@app.route('/users/<username>')
def user(username):
    if username != "zampano":
        abort(404)

    response = make_response({
        "@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "id": "https://example.com/users/zampano",
        "inbox": "https://example.com/users/zampano/inbox",
        "outbox": "https://example.com/users/zampano/outbox",
        "type": "Person",
        "name": "Zampano",
    })

    # Servers may discard the result if you do not set the appropriate content type
    response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/activity+json'

    return response

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization as crypto_serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend as crypto_default_backend

key = rsa.generate_private_key(
    backend=crypto_default_backend(),
    public_exponent=65537,
    key_size=2048
)

private_key = key.private_bytes(
    crypto_serialization.Encoding.PEM,
    crypto_serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
    crypto_serialization.NoEncryption())

public_key = key.public_key().public_bytes(
    crypto_serialization.Encoding.PEM,
    crypto_serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
)

@app.route('/users/<username>')
def user(username):
    if username != "zampano":
        abort(404)

    public_key = b'' # retrieve from file/database

    response = make_response({
        "@context": [
            "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
            "https://w3id.org/security/v1",
        ],
        "id": "https://example.com/users/zampano",
        "inbox": "https://example.com/users/zampano/inbox",
        "outbox": "https://example.com/users/zampano/outbox",
        "type": "Person",
        "name": "Zampano",
        "preferredUsername": "zampano",
        "publicKey": {
            "id": "https://example.com/users/zampano#main-key",
            "id": "https://example.com/users/zampano",
            "publicKeyPem": public_key
        }
    })

    # Servers may discard the result if you do not set the appropriate content type
    response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/activity+json'

    return response

from flask import request, make_response

# ...

@app.route('/.well-known/webfinger')
def webfinger():
    resource = request.args.get('resource')

    if resource != "acct:[email protected]":
        abort(404)

    response = make_response({
        "subject": "acct:[email protected]",
        "links": [
            {
                "rel": "self",
                "type": "application/activity+json",
                "href": "https://example.com/users/zampano"
            }
        ]
    })

    # Servers may discard the result if you do not set the appropriate content type
    response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/jrd+json'
    
    return response

@app.route('/users/<username>/inbox', methods=['POST'])
def user_inbox(username):
    if username != "zampano":
        abort(404)

    app.logger.info(request.headers)
    app.logger.info(request.data)
    
    return Response("", status=202)

from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend as crypto_default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization as crypto_serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding

from urllib.parse import urlparse
import base64
import datetime
import requests


recipient_url = "https://exampletwo.com/users/truant"
recipient_inbox = "https://exampletwo.com/users/truant/inbox"

sender_url = "https://example.com/users/zampano"
sender_key = "https://example.com/users/zampano#main-key"

activity_id = "https://example.com/users/zampano/follows/test"


# The following is to sign the HTTP request as defined in HTTP Signatures.
private_key_text = b'' # load from file

private_key = crypto_serialization.load_pem_private_key(
    private_key_text,
    password=None,
    backend=crypto_default_backend()
)

current_date = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')

recipient_parsed = urlparse(recipient_inbox)
recipient_host = recipient_parsed.netloc
recipient_path = recipient_parsed.path

signature_text = b'(request-target): post %s\nhost: %s\ndate: %s' % recipient_path.encode('utf-8'), recipient_host.encode('utf-8'), date.encode('utf-8')

raw_signature = private_key.sign(
    signature_text,
    padding.PKCS1v15(),
    hashes.SHA256()
)

signature_header = 'keyId="%s",algorithm="rsa-sha256",headers="(request-target) host date",signature="%s"' % sender_key, base64.b64encode(raw_signature).decode('utf-8')

headers = {
    'Date': date,
    'Content-Type': 'application/activity+json',
    'Host': recipient_host,
    'Signature': signature_header
}

# Now that the header is set up, we will construct the message
follow_request_message = {
    "@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
    "id": activity_id,
    "type": "Follow",
    "actor": sender_url,
    "object": recipient_url
}

r = requests.post(recipient_inbox, headers=headers, json=follow_request_message)

import json
import hashlib

follow_request_message = { ... } # as above
follow_request_json = json.dumps(follow_request_message)
digest = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha256(follow_request_json.encode('utf-8')).digest())

# signature information is now
signature_text = b'(request-target): post %s\ndigest: SHA-256=%s\nhost: %s\ndate: %s' % (recipient_path.encode('utf-8'), digest, recipient_host.encode('utf-8'), current_date.encode('utf-8'))

raw_signature = private_key.sign(
    signature_text,
    padding.PKCS1v15(),
    hashes.SHA256()
)

signature_header = 'keyId="%s",algorithm="rsa-sha256",headers="(request-target) digest host date",signature="%s"' % sender_key, base64.b64encode(raw_signature).decode('utf-8')

headers = {
    'Date': current_date,
    'Content-Type': 'application/activity+json',
    'Host': recipient_host,
    'Digest': "SHA-256="+digest.decode('utf-8'),
    'Signature': signature_header
}