Bump Prometheus to include new label regex optimization

[yeya24]

• I added CHANGELOG entry for this change.
• Change is not relevant to the end user.

Changes

Update Prometheus version to latest main to include prometheus/prometheus#13461.

Verification

[yeya24]

This requires upgrading thanos promql engine first.

[yeya24]

Promql engine update done. Updated this pr.

[yeya24]

=== NAME  TestQueryFrontendExplain
    query_frontend_test.go:1170: 
        	Error Trace:	/home/runner/work/thanos/thanos/test/e2e/query_frontend_test.go:1170
        	Error:      	Not equal: 
        	            	expected: "{\"status\":\"success\",\"data\":{\"name\":\"[noArgFunction] time()\"}}"
        	            	actual  : "{\"status\":\"success\",\"data\":{\"name\":\"[duplicateLabelCheck]\",\"children\":[{\"name\":\"[noArgFunction]\"}]}}"
        	            	
        	            	Diff:
        	            	--- Expected
        	            	+++ Actual
        	            	@@ -1 +1 @@
        	            	-{"status":"success","data":{"name":"[noArgFunction] time()"}}
        	            	+{"status":"success","data":{"name":"[duplicateLabelCheck]","children":[{"name":"[noArgFunction]"}]}}
        	Test:       	TestQueryFrontendExplain

This test failed. @GiedriusS Can you please help me figure out how I can fix it

[fpetkovski]

Looks like a feature that was added by @mhoffm-aiven to detect duplicate series from each operator output. I think it is safe to change the expected result unless we want to hide this from analysis.

[fpetkovski]

Looks like we cannot create OOO chunks in TSDB anymore, some test setups fail.

[yeya24]

@fpetkovski PTAL again

[fpetkovski]

Nice work