- 抓取今日头条app的数据包
- 分析数据包，找出请求的数据（如文章列表，文章url等）
- 根据文章url等信息，抓取文章内容
- 若文章中包含视频，则取视频url，然后下载
-
工具：
Fiddler、android手机、google浏览器 -
步骤：
（1）本示例采用Fiddler来抓包，安装到电脑，我的电脑是win10（2）具体配置及使用请见http:https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/03b2f78c7b6bb05ea237aed2.html
（3）打开今日头条app，开始抓包，抓取到的包如下：
（4）经分析得知左侧的json文件及为文章列表，如图
如右侧第一个content所指的json文件，文件内容为
此时手机上的信息为
可得上面的结论正确
-
分析所抓到的文章列表数据包：大致分为两类，一类是有视频的文章，一类则是没有视频的文章。 有视频的文章json内容里均有
video_id这个key，如下图所示： -
没有视频的文章：json文件内容均包含
title、abstract、article_url等信息，具体内容如下.{ "read_count":7089, "media_name":"数码日记", "ban_comment":0, "abstract":"一般情况下，购买手机后我们都会买SIM卡，这是无可厚非的事情。但也有些网友买手机仅仅是作为备用机，用于日常上网使用，而在没有SIM卡的情况下，手机要想联网，只能通过连接Wi-Fi的方式实现。", "image_list":[ { "url":"http:https://p1.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83af6113a252", "width":698, "url_list":[ { "url":"http:https://p1.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83af6113a252" }, { "url":"http:https://p4.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83af6113a252" }, { "url":"http:https://p.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83af6113a252" } ], "uri":"list/ef6000f83af6113a252", "height":392 }, { "url":"http:https://p3.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83f79a941883", "width":981, "url_list":[ { "url":"http:https://p3.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83f79a941883" }, { "url":"http:https://p6.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83f79a941883" }, { "url":"http:https://p.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83f79a941883" } ], "uri":"list/ef6000f83f79a941883", "height":551 }, { "url":"http:https://p3.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f8405551c32f2", "width":943, "url_list":[ { "url":"http:https://p3.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f8405551c32f2" }, { "url":"http:https://p6.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f8405551c32f2" }, { "url":"http:https://p.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f8405551c32f2" } ], "uri":"list/ef6000f8405551c32f2", "height":530 } ], "has_video":false, "article_type":0, "tag":"digital", "has_m3u8_video":0, "keywords":"MIUI,SIM卡,Wi-Fi", "user_verified":1, "aggr_type":1, "cell_type":0, "article_sub_type":0, "bury_count":0, "title":"不插SIM卡，不用Wi-Fi，小米手机也能上网", "ignore_web_transform":1, "source_icon_style":1, "tip":0, "hot":0, "share_url":"http:https://toutiao.com/a6351618096909779201/?iid=6181230843&app=news_article", "has_mp4_video":0, "source":"数码日记", "comment_count":22, "article_url":"http:https://toutiao.com/group/6351618096909779201/", "filter_words":[ { "id":"8:0", "name":"重复、旧闻", "is_selected":false }, { "id":"9:1", "name":"内容质量差", "is_selected":false }, { "id":"5:32370023", "name":"来源:数码日记", "is_selected":false }, { "id":"2:306461588", "name":"路由器", "is_selected":false }, { "id":"6:47522", "name":"小米手机", "is_selected":false } ], "publish_time":1478851309, "action_list":[ { "action":1, "extra":{ }, "desc":"" }, { "action":3, "extra":{ }, "desc":"" }, { "action":7, "extra":{ }, "desc":"" }, { "action":9, "extra":{ }, "desc":"" } ], "gallary_image_count":4, "cell_layout_style":1, "tag_id":6351618096909779000, "video_style":0, "verified_content":"头条问答数码专家，安卓领域老兵", "display_url":"http:https://toutiao.com/group/6351618096909779201/", "large_image_list":[ ], "item_id":6351618007961175000, "repin_count":117, "cell_flag":11, "user_info":{ "user_id":3378232303, "name":"数码日记", "verified_content":"头条问答数码专家，安卓领域老兵", "avatar_url":"http:https://p3.pstatp.com/thumb/1209/1834968385", "follow":false, "user_verified":true, "description":"" }, "source_open_url":"sslocal:https://media_account?media_id=3392972202", "level":0, "digg_count":0, "behot_time":1478855948, "cursor":1478855948999, "url":"http:https://toutiao.com/group/6351618096909779201/", "preload_web":1, "user_repin":0, "has_image":true, "item_version":0, "media_info":{ "user_id":3378232303, "verified_content":"", "avatar_url":"http:https://p2.pstatp.com/large/1209/1834968385", "media_id":3392972202, "name":"数码日记", "follow":false, "recommend_reason":"", "is_star_user":false, "user_verified":true }, "group_id":6351618096909779000, "middle_image":{ "url":"http:https://p1.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83af6113a252", "width":698, "url_list":[ { "url":"http:https://p1.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83af6113a252" }, { "url":"http:https://p4.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83af6113a252" }, { "url":"http:https://p.pstatp.com/list/ef6000f83af6113a252" } ], "uri":"list/ef6000f83af6113a252", "height":392 } } -
有视频的文章：json文件内容均包含
title、abstract、article_url等信息，具体内容如下。我们可访问article_url,经过多次采样暂得出今日头条的视频均为内连接。{ "read_count":146886, "video_id":"5419c21565a643c7b84ca101ec202087", "media_name":"快娱乐", "ban_comment":0, "abstract":"谢谢观看，欢迎订阅", "video_detail_info":{ "show_pgc_subscribe":1, "video_preloading_flag":1, "group_flags":32832, "direct_play":1, "detail_video_large_image":{ "url":"http:https://p1.pstatp.com/video1609/f8a0006db230575a16a", "width":580, "url_list":[ { "url":"http:https://p1.pstatp.com/video1609/f8a0006db230575a16a" }, { "url":"http:https://p4.pstatp.com/video1609/f8a0006db230575a16a" }, { "url":"http:https://p.pstatp.com/video1609/f8a0006db230575a16a" } ], "uri":"video1609/f8a0006db230575a16a", "height":326 }, "video_id":"5419c21565a643c7b84ca101ec202087", "video_watch_count":131308, "video_type":0, "video_watching_count":0 }, "image_list":[ ], "has_video":true, "article_type":0, "tag":"news_military", "has_m3u8_video":0, "video_duration":149, "user_verified":0, "aggr_type":1, "cell_type":0, "article_sub_type":0, "group_flags":32832, "bury_count":70, "title":"教官训练女兵，反被女兵打", "ignore_web_transform":1, "source_icon_style":4, "tip":0, "hot":0, "share_url":"http:https://toutiao.com/a6349548387310305537/?iid=6181230843&app=news_article", "has_mp4_video":0, "source":"快娱乐", "comment_count":64, "article_url":"http:https://toutiao.com/group/6349548387310305537/", "filter_words":[ { "id":"8:0", "name":"重复、旧闻", "is_selected":false }, { "id":"9:1", "name":"内容质量差", "is_selected":false }, { "id":"5:62489742", "name":"来源:快娱乐", "is_selected":false }, { "id":"1:1648", "name":"军事", "is_selected":false }, { "id":"6:17453", "name":"女兵", "is_selected":false } ], "video_play_info":"{"status":10,"message":"success","video_duration":149.6,"video_list":{"video_1":{"definition":"360p","vtype":"mp4","vwidth":640,"vheight":282,"bitrate":401498,"size":8828747,"main_url":"aHR0cDovL3Y2LnBzdGF0cC5jb20vdmlkZW8vYy9lY2JjZjhlNGVkMjc0ZTUwOWY1MWU3MjI2MzA0Y2NjMi8/RXhwaXJlcz0xNDc4ODU5NzY4JkFXU0FjY2Vzc0tleUlkPXFoMGg5VGRjRU1ybTFWbFIyYWQlMkYmU2lnbmF0dXJlPXZ2eWdnTDRkQTRrVGdJSHNHMEdENnN3NnUlMkJFJTNE","backup_url_1":"aHR0cDovL3Y0LnBzdGF0cC5jb20vMDZlZWY4NzU1NDVmMDUyMzk2YTk4NGQ1N2JiOTllODUvNTgyNThkZTgvdmlkZW8vYy9lY2JjZjhlNGVkMjc0ZTUwOWY1MWU3MjI2MzA0Y2NjMi8=","preload_size":327680,"play_load_min_step":2,"play_load_max_step":10},"video_2":{"definition":"480p","vtype":"mp4","vwidth":854,"vheight":376,"bitrate":609772,"size":12723821,"main_url":"aHR0cDovL3Y3LnBzdGF0cC5jb20vNzU5M2E4MzRkYmQ3YWRlYTFjZWZlYzNiMjczYTgzY2YvNTgyNThkZTgvdmlkZW8vYy8yOTdiYmZkMzlhZTU0NDk1YjFmOGJiODJmMmVjZDIyYi8=","backup_url_1":"aHR0cDovL3Y2LnBzdGF0cC5jb20vdmlkZW8vYy8yOTdiYmZkMzlhZTU0NDk1YjFmOGJiODJmMmVjZDIyYi8/RXhwaXJlcz0xNDc4ODU5NzY4JkFXU0FjY2Vzc0tleUlkPXFoMGg5VGRjRU1ybTFWbFIyYWQlMkYmU2lnbmF0dXJlPWx4TWZpYmZvSkIyUUladUxkMjJYQktKQ2dWRSUzRA==","preload_size":327680,"play_load_min_step":2,"play_load_max_step":10},"video_3":{"definition":"720p","vtype":"mp4","vwidth":952,"vheight":420,"bitrate":795675,"size":16199930,"main_url":"aHR0cDovL3Y3LnBzdGF0cC5jb20vOGU3MmU3Yzk5YjAwMjg5ZjM0ODkzMTNiM2RkNjlmNDYvNTgyNThkZTgvdmlkZW8vYy9kN2Y0MjQwNWZlY2E0ZDY2YmI0NjMyYzllYmY1NTYwNy8=","backup_url_1":"aHR0cDovL3Y2LnBzdGF0cC5jb20vdmlkZW8vYy9kN2Y0MjQwNWZlY2E0ZDY2YmI0NjMyYzllYmY1NTYwNy8/RXhwaXJlcz0xNDc4ODU5NzY4JkFXU0FjY2Vzc0tleUlkPXFoMGg5VGRjRU1ybTFWbFIyYWQlMkYmU2lnbmF0dXJlPUZDakVUc29vcThoZFF3T1ppRFplTHh4S1QlMkZnJTNE","preload_size":327680,"play_load_min_step":2,"play_load_max_step":10}}}", "publish_time":1478370922, "action_list":[ { "action":1, "extra":{ }, "desc":"" }, { "action":3, "extra":{ }, "desc":"" }, { "action":7, "extra":{ }, "desc":"" }, { "action":9, "extra":{ }, "desc":"" } ], "cell_layout_style":1, "tag_id":6349548387310305000, "video_style":0, "verified_content":"", "display_url":"http:https://toutiao.com/group/6349548387310305537/", "large_image_list":[ ], "item_id":6349554764748948000, "repin_count":644, "cell_flag":11, "user_info":{ "user_id":6380739542, "name":"快娱乐", "verified_content":"", "avatar_url":"http:https://p1.pstatp.com/thumb/6cb001cda8a0c6718e0", "follow":false, "user_verified":false, "description":"" }, "source_open_url":"sslocal:https://media_account?media_id=6382924961", "level":0, "like_count":167, "digg_count":167, "behot_time":1478855563, "cursor":1478855563999, "url":"http:https://toutiao.com/group/6349548387310305537/", "preload_web":0, "user_repin":0, "has_image":false, "item_version":0, "media_info":{ "user_id":6380739542, "verified_content":"", "avatar_url":"http:https://p2.pstatp.com/large/6cb001cda8a0c6718e0", "media_id":6382924961, "name":"快娱乐", "follow":false, "recommend_reason":"", "is_star_user":false, "user_verified":false }, "group_id":6349548387310305000, "middle_image":{ "url":"http:https://p1.pstatp.com/list/f8a0006db230575a16a", "width":640, "url_list":[ { "url":"http:https://p1.pstatp.com/list/f8a0006db230575a16a" }, { "url":"http:https://p4.pstatp.com/list/f8a0006db230575a16a" }, { "url":"http:https://p.pstatp.com/list/f8a0006db230575a16a" } ], "uri":"list/f8a0006db230575a16a", "height":282 } } -
下载视频：访问article_url 到文章页面，分析并求得视频url，然后下载。 具体如下：
（1）拿http:https://www.toutiao.com/a6345277767186268418/为例，用谷歌浏览器打开该网页，内容如图：
按F12可检查视频url，如图：
经次刷新，检查视频地址，如下：
http:https://v4.pstatp.com/f8da252eabe1c04285e88d59d5456f77/58202d03/video/c/d77569e2c637407180e5410d89a8a1b6/ http:https://v4.pstatp.com/a78185c3924c7a43a197a64ecbfc0325/58203cf5/video/c/d77569e2c637407180e5410d89a8a1b6/ http:https://v6.pstatp.com/video/c/d77569e2c637407180e5410d89a8a1b6/?Signature=%2BO79a1MPRqjDF6mX3k%2BMfI4glQM%3D&Expires=1478511382&KSSAccessKeyId=qh0h9TdcEMrm1VlR2ad/ http:https://v6.pstatp.com/video/c/d77569e2c637407180e5410d89a8a1b6/?Signature=WegICc2e0Xcb%2FxuriBVw7SxtZfY%3D&Expires=1478511397&KSSAccessKeyId=qh0h9TdcEMrm1VlR2a http:https://v4.pstatp.com/68bff4aaceee235cbda85420869ee25a/58203d2b/video/c/d77569e2c637407180e5410d89a8a1b6/d/ http:https://v6.pstatp.com/video/c/d77569e2c637407180e5410d89a8a1b6/?Signature=H6jlwWrc6MZAFQ8eqn5h8C0qJXw%3D&Expires=1478511498&KSSAccessKeyId=qh0h9TdcEMrm1VlR2ad/
可知同一个视频，地址是即时的，每次都在变化，再访问以前的地址就被拒绝了，因此在求得url后需要立即下载。
（2）程序取视频url：由第3点有视频的文章下面陈列出的json文件可知，我们可以取到加密后的视频url，如：
"main_url":"aHR0cDovL3Y3LnBzdGF0cC5jb20vOGU3MmU3Yzk5YjAwMjg5ZjM0ODkzMTNiM2RkNjlmNDYvNTgyNThkZTgvdmlkZW8vYy9kN2Y0MjQwNWZlY2E0ZDY2YmI0NjMyYzllYmY1NTYwNy8="
那么是否可以将这个加密后的url解密？既然谷歌浏览器检查到的视频url是解密后的，那么我想前台可能会有解密的方法，继续用谷歌浏览器检查该网页，点击Network，观察网页在加载时所请求的文件，如图：
据分析得出
tt-video.js文件与视频有关，查看该文件的源代码，找到如下解密url的函数//参数为main_url //返回解密后的url function base64decode (e) { var t, r, n, o, i, a, u, l = [ - 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1, -1, 63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; for (a = e.length, i = 0, u = ""; i < a;) { do t = l[255 & e.charCodeAt(i++)]; while (i < a && t == -1); if (t == -1) break; do r = l[255 & e.charCodeAt(i++)]; while (i < a && r == -1); if (r == -1) break; u += String.fromCharCode(t << 2 | (48 & r) >> 4); do { if (n = 255 & e.charCodeAt(i++), 61 == n) return u; n = l[n] } while ( i < a && n == - 1 ); if (n == -1) break; u += String.fromCharCode((15 & r) << 4 | (60 & n) >> 2); do { if (o = 255 & e.charCodeAt(i++), 61 == o) return u; o = l[o] } while ( i < a && o == - 1 ); if (o == -1) break; u += String.fromCharCode((3 & n) << 6 | o) } return u }取到视频url后，我们就可以下载该视频了，下载视频代码如下：
import os import urllib def downloadFile(url, filename): directory = os.path.dirname(filename) mkdir_p(directory) urllib.urlretrieve(url, filename) -
加载等多文章：当上拉查看更多文章时，经过抓包我们可以发现app请求的是同一个url只是参数有些变化，如图：
我们拿两个请求来举例
请求一
http:https://is.snssdk.com/api/news/feed/v47/?category=video&refer=1&count=20&min_behot_time=1478077174&last_refresh_sub_entrance_interval=1478077371&loc_mode=6&loc_time=1478076298&latitude=39.90511&longitude=116.355647&city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82&tt_from=pull&lac=4124&cid=43070&cp=53841b92aebbbq1&iid=6060889792&device_id=33418245041&ac=wifi&channel=xiaomi&aid=13&app_name=news_article&version_code=584&version_name=5.8.4&device_platform=android&ab_version=87590%2C86575%2C83095%2C86231%2C86001%2C79287%2C87752%2C87331%2C85046%2C86854%2C88106%2C87982%2C88088%2C87881%2C82679%2C87838%2C88067%2C87804%2C87828%2C87030%2C87498%2C87035%2C86724%2C87988&ab_client=a1%2Cc4%2Ce1%2Cf2%2Cg2%2Cf7&ab_feature=z1&abflag=3&ssmix=a&device_type=MI+2A&device_brand=Xiaomi&language=zh&os_api=16&os_version=4.1.1&uuid=860954025518090&openudid=60fcf5fe7e721c17&manifest_version_code=584&resolution=720*1280&dpi=320&update_version_code=5844&_rticket=1478077371937
请求二
http:https://is.snssdk.com/api/news/feed/v47/?category=video&refer=1&count=20&max_behot_time=1478074962&last_refresh_sub_entrance_interval=1478077377&loc_mode=6&loc_time=1478076298&latitude=39.90511&longitude=116.355647&city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82&tt_from=pre_load_more&lac=4124&cid=43070&cp=55841d9ba3bc1q1&iid=6060889792&device_id=33418245041&ac=wifi&channel=xiaomi&aid=13&app_name=news_article&version_code=584&version_name=5.8.4&device_platform=android&ab_version=87590%2C86575%2C83095%2C86231%2C86001%2C79287%2C87752%2C87331%2C85046%2C86854%2C88106%2C87982%2C88088%2C87881%2C82679%2C87838%2C88067%2C87804%2C87828%2C87030%2C87498%2C87035%2C86724%2C87988&ab_client=a1%2Cc4%2Ce1%2Cf2%2Cg2%2Cf7&ab_feature=z1&abflag=3&ssmix=a&device_type=MI+2A&device_brand=Xiaomi&language=zh&os_api=16&os_version=4.1.1&uuid=860954025518090&openudid=60fcf5fe7e721c17&manifest_version_code=584&resolution=720*1280&dpi=320&update_version_code=5844&_rticket=1478077377769
为了看清楚一些，把参数单独列出如下
concern_id 6286225228934679042 refer 1 count 20 max_behot_time 1478067863 last_refresh_sub_entrance_interval 1478075051 loc_mode 6 loc_time 1478072878 latitude 39.90511 longitude 116.355647 city 北京市 tt_from pre_load_more lac 4124 cid 43070 cp 59831b9fa22abq1 iid 6060889792 device_id 33418245041 ac wifi channel xiaomi aid 13 app_name news_article version_code 584 version_name 5.8.4 device_platform android ab_version 87590,86575,83095,86231,86001,79287,87752,87331,85046,86854,88106,87982,88088,87881,82679,87838,88067,87804,87828,87030,87498,87035,86724,87988 ab_client a1,c4,e1,f2,g2,f7 ab_feature z1 abflag 3 ssmix a device_type MI 2A device_brand Xiaomi language zh os_api 16 os_version 4.1.1 uuid 860954025518090 openudid 60fcf5fe7e721c17 manifest_version_code 584 resolution 720*1280 dpi 320 update_version_code 5844 _rticket 1478075051350
经过相互对比，我们可知变化的参数为
max_behot_time 1478073762 #截止这个时间段的头条 cp 548a1492afbc3q1 #虽然改变但不影响显示结果 不用管 last_refresh_sub_entrance_interval 1478077379 #当前时间 精确到秒 _rticket 1478077379699 #当前时间 精确到毫秒
因此我们只需要拼出这个地址，就可以加载更多文章了。
数据库名：headlines_today
urls表
| 字段名 | 数据类型 | 长度 | 说明 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| title | 标题 | |||
| url | url | |||
| status | 状态 | |||
| origin | 来源 |
子标签表app_column_info:
| 字段名 | 数据类型 | 长度 | 说明 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COLUMN_ID | ||||
| COLUMN_NAME |
子标签表app_content_info:
| 字段名 | 数据类型 | 长度 | 说明 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| column_id | APP子栏目ID | |||
| title | ||||
| original_url | 文章（视听节目）原始地址 | |||
| release_time | ||||
| content | ||||
| abstract_image_url | ||||
| image_local_path | ||||
| video_url | ||||
| video_local_path | ||||
| is_audio | ||||
| is_download | ||||
| create_time |