Replace special single quote with regular single quote. (ray-project#…

…1693)

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ mailing list `[email protected]`_.
 To contribute a patch:
 ----------------------
 
-1. Break your work into small, single-purpose patches if possible. It’s much
+1. Break your work into small, single-purpose patches if possible. It's much
  harder to merge in a large change with a lot of disjoint features.
 2. Submit the patch as a GitHub pull request against the master branch.
 3. Make sure that your code passes the unit tests.

python/ray/dataframe/dataframe.py

@@ -741,8 +741,8 @@ def drop(self, labels=None, axis=0, index=None, columns=None, level=None,
  Args:
  labels: Index or column labels to drop.
 
- axis: Whether to drop labels from the index (0 / ‘index’) or
- columns (1 / ‘columns’).
+ axis: Whether to drop labels from the index (0 / 'index') or
+ columns (1 / 'columns').
 
  index, columns: Alternative to specifying axis (labels, axis=1 is
  equivalent to columns=labels).
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ def drop(self, labels=None, axis=0, index=None, columns=None, level=None,
 
  inplace: If True, do operation inplace and return None.
 
- errors: If ‘ignore’, suppress error and existing labels are
+ errors: If 'ignore', suppress error and existing labels are
  dropped.
  Returns:
  dropped : type of caller
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ def fillna(self, value=None, method=None, axis=None, inplace=False,
  backfill.
  bfill: use NEXT valid observation to fill gap.
 
- axis: 0 or ‘index’, 1 or ‘columns’.
+ axis: 0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'.
 
  inplace: If True, fill in place. Note: this will modify any other
  views on this object.
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ def fillna(self, value=None, method=None, axis=None, inplace=False,
  than 0 if not None.
 
  downcast: A dict of item->dtype of what to downcast if possible,
- or the string ‘infer’ which will try to downcast to an
+ or the string 'infer' which will try to downcast to an
  appropriate equal type.
 
  Returns:

site/_posts/2017-08-08-plasma-in-memory-object-store.markdown

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ with the Plasma store via messages serialized using [Google Flatbuffers][4].
 
 Plasma is a work in progress, and the API is currently unstable. Today Plasma is
 primarily used in [Ray][2] as an in-memory cache for Arrow serialized objects.
-We are looking for a broader set of use cases to help refine Plasma’s API. In
+We are looking for a broader set of use cases to help refine Plasma's API. In
 addition, we are looking for contributions in a variety of areas including
 improving performance and building other language bindings. Please let us know
 if you are interested in getting involved with the project.

site/_posts/2017-10-15-fast-python-serialization-with-ray-and-arrow.markdown

@@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ objects to and from the Arrow format. Some properties of this approach:
 reading the full object (requirements 1 and 4).
 - Arrow supports **zero-copy reads**, so objects can naturally be stored in
 shared memory and used by multiple processes (requirements 1 and 3).
-- We can naturally fall back to pickle for anything we can’t handle well
+- We can naturally fall back to pickle for anything we can't handle well
 (requirement 2).
 
 **Alternatives to Arrow:** We could have built on top of
 [**Protocol Buffers**][5], but protocol buffers really isn't designed for
-numerical data, and that approach wouldn’t satisfy 1, 3, or 4. Building on top
+numerical data, and that approach wouldn't satisfy 1, 3, or 4. Building on top
 of [**Flatbuffers**][6] actually could be made to work, but it would have
 required implementing a lot of the facilities that Arrow already has and we
 preferred a columnar data layout more optimized for big data.
 
 ## Speedups
 
-Here we show some performance improvements over Python’s pickle module. The
+Here we show some performance improvements over Python's pickle module. The
 experiments were done using `pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL`. Code for generating these
 plots is included at the end of the post.
 

site/_posts/2017-11-30-ray-0.3-release.markdown

@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ cd ray/python/ray/rllib
 ## Distributed Actor Handles
 
 Ray 0.3 adds support for [distributed actor handles][1], that is, the ability to
-have multiple callers invoke methods on the same actor. The actor’s creator may
+have multiple callers invoke methods on the same actor. The actor's creator may
 pass the actor handle as an argument to other tasks or to other actor methods.
-Here’s an example in which the driver creates an actor to log messages and
+Here's an example in which the driver creates an actor to log messages and
 passes an actor handle to other tasks:
 
 ```python

src/ray/raylet/lineage_cache.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class LineageCache {
  LineageCache();
 
  /// Add a task and its object outputs asynchronously to the GCS. This
- /// overwrites the task’s mutable fields in the execution specification.
+ /// overwrites the task's mutable fields in the execution specification.
  ///
  /// \param task The task to add.
  /// \return Status.