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Ceph Home Lab with Vagrant for beginners

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Ceph Home Lab

Introduction

People often complains that Ceph is hard to learn and operate. But from what I have seen, that is because we dont have a good lab environment to get familiar with Ceph.

This repo will guide you to setup a simple Ceph multi-node cluster on your laptop and cover most of the basic operations (configure, maintain...)

All contributions/suggestions are welcomed :D

Let your laptop burn :p

A quick glance on our lab architeture

Lab Overview

Requirements

  • Vagrant
  • Virtual box/VMware

Setup Virtualbox

Download here https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

Setup Vagrant

Download here https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html

Instal vagrant plugin

# Install hostmanager plugin for vagrant
vagrant plugin install vagrant-hostmanager
vagrant plugin list

# Add new ubuntu image
vagrant box add bento/ubuntu-16.04

Setup Ceph Cluster

We need to create a lab directory to store our Ceph images/disks

We will create 3 Ceph VMs, each VM will have 3x 5GB disks to serve as OSD and another ansible VM to act as a controller/admin node

mkdir /opt/vagrant-ceph
touch /opt/vagrant-ceph/Vagrantfile
vim /opt/vagrant-ceph/Vagrantfile

Prepare a Vagrantfile like this. I already prepared a working vagrant config for you

nodes = [
  { :hostname => 'ansible', :ip => '192.168.0.40', :ip_pub => '192.168.1.40', :box => 'xenial64' },
  { :hostname => 'osd1',  :ip => '192.168.0.51', :ip_pub => '192.168.1.51', :box => 'xenial64', :ram => 1024, :osd => 'yes' },
  { :hostname => 'osd2',  :ip => '192.168.0.52', :ip_pub => '192.168.1.52', :box => 'xenial64' , :ram => 1024, :osd => 'yes' },
  { :hostname => 'osd3',  :ip => '192.168.0.53', :ip_pub => '192.168.1.53', :box => 'xenial64' , :ram => 1024, :osd => 'yes' }
]

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  nodes.each do |node|
    config.vm.define node[:hostname] do |nodeconfig|
      nodeconfig.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-16.04"
      nodeconfig.vm.hostname = node[:hostname]
      nodeconfig.vm.network :private_network, ip: node[:ip]

      memory = node[:ram] ? node[:ram] : 512;
      nodeconfig.vm.provider :virtualbox do |vb|
        vb.customize [
          "modifyvm", :id,
          "--memory", memory.to_s,
        ]
        if node[:osd] == "yes"
            #/dev/sdb
            vb.customize [ "createhd", "--filename", "disk_osd-sdb-#{node[:hostname]}", "--size", "5000" ]
            vb.customize [ "storageattach", :id, "--storagectl", "SATA Controller", "--port", 3, "--device", 0, "--type", "hdd", "--medium", "disk_osd-sdb-#{node[:hostname]}.vdi" ]

            #/dev/sdc
            vb.customize [ "createhd", "--filename", "disk_osd-sdc-#{node[:hostname]}", "--size", "5000" ]
            vb.customize [ "storageattach", :id, "--storagectl", "SATA Controller", "--port", 4, "--device", 0, "--type", "hdd", "--medium", "disk_osd-sdc-#{node[:hostname]}.vdi" ]

            #/dev/sdd
            vb.customize [ "createhd", "--filename", "disk_osd-sdd-#{node[:hostname]}", "--size", "5000" ]
            vb.customize [ "storageattach", :id, "--storagectl", "SATA Controller", "--port", 5, "--device", 0, "--type", "hdd", "--medium", "disk_osd-sdd-#{node[:hostname]}.vdi" ]
        end
      end
    end
    config.hostmanager.enabled = true
    config.hostmanager.manage_guest = true
  end
end

Boot up the cluster

# Start the VMs
vagrant up

# Check new VMs statuses
vagrant status

Login to the ansible VM via vagrant ssh

#User/Pass: vagrant/vagrant
vagrant ssh ansible

Some other useful commands in case you want to stop the lab and continue later

# Shutdown the VMs (still keeps the data)
vagrant halt

# Start the VMs again
vagrant up

Setup Ansible Controller node

vagrant ssh ansible

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ansible/ansible-2.8
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ansible -y

# We need to copy the Ansible VM public key to other Ceph nodes
# Generate sshkey
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id osd1
ssh-copy-id osd2
ssh-copy-id osd3

Create an inventory host file for Ansible

sudo vim /etc/ansible/hosts

[mons]
osd1
osd2
osd3

[mgrs]
osd1

[rgws]
osd1
osd2
osd3

[osds]
osd1
osd2
osd3

[ceph:children]
mons
osds
mgrs

Check ansible ad-hoc commands

ansible mons -m ping
ansible osds -a 'uname -r'

Get Ceph Module for Ansible

Read this to know which version we should use: https://docs.ceph.com/ceph-ansible/master/index.html#releases

In in this entrytask, we use version stable-3.2 for Mimic

You can also try on newer versions like Nautilus (my favorite) and Octopus

git clone https://github.com/ceph/ceph-ansible.git
cd ceph-ansible
git checkout stable-3.2
sudo cp -a ./* /etc/ansible/

sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install python-pip -y
sudo pip install --upgrade pip
sudo pip install notario netaddr

Setup ceph group_vars

sudo mkdir /etc/ansible/group_vars

Prepare the Ceph group vars file

/etc/ansible/group_vars/ceph

ceph_origin: 'repository'
ceph_repository: 'community'
ceph_mirror: https://download.ceph.com
ceph_stable: true # use ceph stable branch
ceph_stable_key: https://download.ceph.com/keys/release.asc
ceph_stable_release: mimic # ceph stable release
ceph_stable_repo: "{{ ceph_mirror }}/debian-{{ ceph_stable_release }}"
monitor_interface: eth1 #Check ifconfig on created VMs to update this value
monitor_address_block: 192.168.1.0/24
public_network: 192.168.1.0/24
cluster_network: 192.168.0.0/24
radosgw_address_block: 192.168.1.0/24

Change the group var configuration

/etc/ansible/group_vars/osds

osd_scenario: lvm
lvm_volumes:
- data: /dev/sdb
- data: /dev/sdc
- data: /dev/sdd

Create a fetch folder and change the owner to the vagrant user:

sudo mkdir /etc/ansible/fetch
sudo chown vagrant /etc/ansible/fetch

Deploy new Ceph cluster

Run the Ceph cluster deployment playbook:

cd /etc/ansible
sudo mv site.yml.sample site.yml
ansible-playbook -K site.yml

Check if the new ceph cluster is running properly.

vagrant ssh osd1

# Check if the cluster is healthy
ceph -s
ceph health detail
ceph df

# Check monitors status
ceph quorum_status
ceph mon stat

# Check OSDs status
ceph osd stat
ceph osd tree

# Check MDS status
ceph mds stat

Congrats, you have finished setup a new Ceph cluster your self. But it is just the beginning ;). There are much harder stuff waiting for you!

Day 2 - Daily Operations

The purpose of this part is for getting familiar with daily operations though these tasks

High-Level Operations

Low-Level Operations

Data Placement

Troubleshooting

Cleaning up

Clean up the cluster after you have finished everything

vagrant destroy --force

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