The main use of the local file system for the core library (other than the validator - see below) is for the NPM package cache. The default location and content is as specified in the FHIR specification, bu you can choose where this goes if you want, or provide your own NPM package cache manager
However there are other uses of the local file system scattered throughout the code. Long term, the intention is to clean this up so these are all following a consistent policy.
All access to the local file system runs through the class ManagedFileAccess. You can set the static features of this class to completely cut the library off from the local filesystem, or provide your own file system accessor, or limit the files accessed to particular sub-directories. See ManagedFileAccess for details.
The library will access the web to download needed collateral, or to access terminology resources or servers. All access is by http(s) using the Apache... library, and is controlled by the class XXXX where you can turn all network access off.
todo
Other than the https client, the library doesn't have any crypto functions in it.
TODO: Actually, it does, reading SHCs