This document will not be updated anymore, being replaced by norns.community, a community-driven wiki (launch post).

Don't hesitate to copy sections of this document onto norns.community if you find they didn't get ported.

A list of links and resources for the norns hardware music platform by monome.

The community resides mostly on llllllll.co (pronounced lines).

• What / why is norns?
• What can it do?
• Lingo
• Hardware
  • norns shield
  • monome hardware companions
  • Other hardware companions
• script List
  • Synths & Drones
  • Granular Sample Players & Synths
  • Sample Players
  • Basic Samplers
  • Sequencers
  • Trackers
  • Control Modulation Sources
  • Audio Effects
  • Loopers, Live Samplers & Crazy Delays
  • Midi Effects
  • Utilities
• scripts by I/O
• Pure Data
• Development: General
  • Documentation
  • Tutorials & Example scripts
  • Community
• Development: Libraries & Engines
  • Softcut & Softcut-based libs
  • SuperCollider engines
  • Lua libs
• Development: C
• Contributing
• License

norns is a hardware music platform.

It's built around the idea of community: creating and sharing ideas in the form of small apps (scripts).

It allows running apps built with SuperCollider and/or softcut, a powerful live sampler / player.

In addition, Pure Data patches can also be run (see Pure Data).

It runs Linux and is built around the Raspberry Pi (processing unit + USB ports) but uses a separate low-latency audio codec chip (ADC/DAC).

For more details, see the docs and the t/Approaching: norns thread, specifically posts:

• day 1: what
• day 2: specifications
• day 3: sound
• day 4: design
• day 5: code
• day 6: many tomorrows

A more correct question would be "What can it be?".

Switching apps (scripts) allows going into totally different contexts.

Some are inspired by existing hardware / software, others are totally new and sometimes produce very experimental (yet musical) results.

To give you some concrete examples, norns can be:

• an analogue-sounding synth with molly_the_poly, a pimped up Juno-6 emulation
• a 4 track tape recorder / looper with reels
• chainable multieffects with pedalboard
• an advanced sequencer with takt, inspired with the Electron Octatrack
• a nasty sounding sample player with timber/keys (MPC-like) timber/player (rompler-like)

For a more complete list, see the script List section.

norns designate both the hardware and software side of the platform.

It runs independent musical scripts (sometimes also called apps) written in the lua programming language.

In addition to lua, in order to record and play back and manipulate sound, scripts rely on bindings with softcut and/or SuperCollider. Bindable SuperCollider sub-scripts are called engines.

maiden is the web-based IDE (http:https://norn.local).

You might encounter the name matron, which designate the program that performs lua code evaluation and provides binding to hardware (screen / encoders / buttons).

The folder were data is stored called dust (/home/we/dust/). It comes bundled with some default scripts, engines & samples (lines tread).

Audio can be saved to disk with tape, the internal audio recorder.

There are 3 variations of the norns hardware:

*: the original norns and fates have an isolated audio power section which is much more immune to noise.

**: to which must be added the price of the Raspberry Pi, micro SD card, power supply and eventually an alternative case. So you're eventually looking more at ≃$300.

***: fates runs on an unofficial fork of the norns software, with its own kernel, so update cycles run behind the official releases given there is a separate maintainer.

As of writting, all 3 versions are compatible with every app published.

norns shield is currently the most economic version but is DIY and lacks some of the features of its big brother. It's design is open source.

fates is an unofficial project similar to the norns shield, not initiated by monome.

norns and norns shield use a CS4270 codec. norns uses an additional amp chip to drive a monitor (headphone) output. fates uses a WM8731 codec which embeds an headphone amp chip.

For getting help regarding assembly please use t/DIY: norns shield.

People share their own case design in t/norns shield case designs.

A few highlights:

• the now standard 3D-printed design by u/JHC (shop).
• nice laser-cut designs by u/okyeron (shop).
• 3D-printed + aluminium front plate design by u/justinkowski.
• aluminium case by u/Gregory_Delabelle (shop).
• aluminium case on Pusherman (shop).
• simple laser cut front & back panels by u/infovore.

If you don't have access to a fablab, you can use a laser-cut service such as ponoko (US) or razorlab (UK).

For encoder caps, any D-shaft knob cap should fit.

You can look at makers such as Sifam / Selco, the various offerings at aliexpress (example) or even go the 3D printing route.

For screws/spacers, use M2 for the screen and M2.5 for everything else.

Some scripts are made to pair with some of other monome hardware.

The most prominent are:

• grid, a keyboard mostly used for sequencer scripts
• arc, an array of knobs with sequencing functionalities
• crow for interacting with eurorack / modular synth gear

You don't necessarily have to own any of those "peripherals" to enjoy your norns. It depends of the scripts you plan to use.

See the list of scripts by I/O to see what you're missing.

Please note that most scripts assume a 128 varybright grid. Older non-varybright models will work but you'll be missing some visual feedback.

There is a DIY grid project that allows making one for ≃$250. To use it with the norns, patching and recompiling is required to have it recognized. It will work right of the bat on a PC (with Max, Pure Data...). It doesn't (and will certainly never) work with eurorack monome modules such as ansible.

There is also a DIY arc project which will also cost ≃$250. It does not require any special patching.

Synth scripts generally rely on MIDI inputs. So a keyboards, pads or sequencer is a must have. A computer with midi output will do as well.

Lots of parameters can also be controlled with midi CC by using anything with midi knobs / sliders.

Some examples related to the monome community:

• 16n faderbank
• bleached, Four-N and 17

Some trackers scripts (orca and nisp) rely on a USB computer keyboard.

Those plus other hardware accessories & peripherals are discussed in t/Friends of norns: gear, accessories, etc.

Many scripts are available through maiden (real-time list) but many more are missing.

The documentation has a list of popular scripts.

This section is aimed at being more complete and providing more meta-data to select which app corresponds to your needs.

Special cases:

• *: grid acts as a midi keyboard and can replace it
• **: grid can be replaced by TouchOSC

Pure Data patches originally built for the Organelle can run on any norns device.

This is done by escaping the norns runtime environment and booting into a Pure Data-compatible one.

Please note that next release of the norns software will add native support of Pure Data, akin to what we currently have with SuperCollider.

This is easily done thanks to the combination of 2 projects:

• Sidekick by u/thetechnobear that allows booting out of the norns software and into other ones (lines thread)
• Mother by u/oxbown that provides a compatibility layer for running Organelle patches (lines thread)

In addition, installing Sideckick also provides:

• Orac: a patch chaining software for Pure Data
• NuiLite: a lightweight Pure Data external (i.e. extension) for making and running patches without depending on the Organelle/Mother or Orac layer.

For more details, see also the the Sidekick project wiki.

The norns platform allows developing small programs using the lua programming language.

They are generally referred to as scripts and sometimes apps (once packaged and distributed).

2 internal sound processing units are at our disposal:

• engine: an instance of SuperCollider (sometimes also referred to as external)
• softcut: a live multi-channel sampler / player that can be used to build crazy loopers and delays

Even though SuperCollider is generally used to define a virtual synthesizer, it can also take audio from the inputs (missing on the above diagram).

Most scripts you'll find in the wild use either softcut or engine, but some might use the 2 of them.

• basic lua scripting reference
• complete lua APIs doc

• norns studies
• norns: tutorial by Devine Lu Linvega
• softcut studies
• foundry app (code) for text & fonts (screen.text API)
• athenaeum/arc app (code) for arc interactions
• hid-demo example script (code) for HID input (keyboard, mouse, touchpad...)
• waveviz example app for softcut waveform visualization
• video tutorial on adding midi out to an existing app
• tutorial on adding computer keyboard support to an existing app
• example usage of the pattern_time lib

When wanting to contribute or seeking help, use one of those threads:

• t/norns: scripting: getting help with app development (lua)
• t/norns 2.0: softcut: getting help with app development (softcut)
• t/norns: SuperCollider: getting help with app development (SuperCollider side)
• t/norns: development and t/Approaching 3.0: universal engine support: following and participating to evolutions to core norns code
• t/norns: crone/supercollider: following and participating to evolutions to core norns code (SuperCollider / Crone)
• t/Exquisite Script: A collective scripting game for norns: a cadavre exquis, collective development of an app

Additionally, there is a Discord norns study group (blog, lines thread) that meets regularly for sharing development knowledge.

When developing scripts, you rely on lua libraries (classes & modules). One of them, engine, allows interacting with a running SuperCollider instance.

When using SuperCollider, one can rely on an already installed SuperCollider library on spin their own. Those SuperCollider libraries (in essence a SynthDef) are called engines in the context of norns development.

Most advanced scripts come with their own custom libraries / engine.

Here are listed the ones most often spotted in the wild.

To get the list of engines installed on your norns, type tab.print(engine.names) in the matron console in maiden.

Those are more generic Lua libs that add either:

• improve handling of midi / LFOs
• provide support for additional hardware
• provide additional drawing utils

A niche use-case is to disable the norns software services and interact with the internal sound routing and hardware peripherals using pure C.

This effort is discussed in t/low-level-norns.

For a working example with grid and arc support see project norns-lowlevel (explanation & demo).

Contributions and suggestions are always welcome!

I am by no mean the owner of this document, merely its initiator. It belongs to the community.

To discuss about the general structure and content use t/Index of norns-related resources.

For less impacting modifications / suggestions, you can:

• submit a pull request
• create an issue
• comment on the lines thread
• send me a PM