test: refactor test-crypto-binary-default

* var -> const.
* Group and sort imports.
* Correctly align function arguments.
* Fix incorrect use of string instead of RegExp in `throws` assertions.
* assert.equal -> assert.strictEqual.
* Verify that callbacks are called with common.mustCall.

PR-URL: #9810
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <[email protected]>